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Showing 53 results for ریزپوشانی


Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract

Aims: Considering the unsaturated nature of fatty acids, the use of technologies to control its oxidation rate is essential for use in the food industry. Thereafter, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biopolymer concentration and core material percentage on quality characteristics of fish oil nanocapsules containing clove essential oil prepared by complex coacervation technique.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental research, the effects of 3 independent variables including the total biopolymer percentage (gelatin-gum Arabic; 6, 8, and 10%), oil content (2 to 3%), and the concentration of clove essential oil (0, 2000, and 3000 ppm) on dependent variables such as size and zeta potential of particles, color, surface oil, encapsulation, and nanoencapsulation efficiency were evaluated. The present study was carried out as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan test were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software.
Findings: The increase in total biopolymer percentage was associated with increasing particle size as it was in the range between 259.19±55.83 and 814.35±253.05 nm, respectively. In terms of color parameters, the yellowness of produced powders was increased by increasing the concentration of fish oil and cloves essential oil, while lightness was decreased by increasing the concentration of the biopolymer. Also, the superficial oil was increased by increasing oil and clove essential oil concentrations in the nanocapsules, and microencapsulation efficiency in different treatments was recorded between 65.1±2.75 in treatment 15 (10% biopolymer and 3% oil) to 98.84±0.78 in treatment 4 (8% biopolymer and 2% oil).
Conclusion: Using complex coacervation technique with gelatin-gum Arabic as a biopolymer can produce nano-sized particles.


Volume 10, Issue 40 (7-2013)
Abstract

Yog-ice cream (frozen yogurt), is a kind of frozen desserts which has similar features with ice cream in physical and apparent characteristics. In this study, frozen yogurt was produced as a synbiotic product containing both probiotics and prebiotics. Lactobacillus Casei(LAFTI-L26)as a probiotic bacteria was added to low fat frozen yogurt in two types;free and encapsulated,and its survivability was evaluated during 30 days storage at -18oc.Prebiotic compound that was used in this study,was Inulin that added to frozen yogurt in different levels(0,2.5 and 5% w/w). The viable cell number of L.casei in the free state in prepared low fat frozen yogurt mixture, was between 9.801-9.779 log cfu/ml at the first day, and after 30 days storage at -18oc,its viable number redused to 7.451-7.866 log cfu/ml. In samples of frozen yogurt containing L.casei that was encapsulated by sodium alginate-whey protein concentration(wpc),the viable cell number of L.casei was 8.150-8.661 log cfu/ml  at the first day that reduced to 6.650-7.477 log cfu/ml at the end of 30 days storage at -18oc.Totally ,obtained results showed that encapsulation of lactobacillus casei in Alginate-Whey protein capsules, could significantly improve survivability of L.casei.(p<0.05) that the viable number of this bacteria in frozen yogurt containing encapsulated probiotic,was in the range of investigated levels by the International Dairy Federation(106-107 cfu/g).

Volume 13, Issue 0 (11-2015)
Abstract

Structured polymer fibres with a diameter of about several micrometers to a few nanometres have attracted considerable attention in various scientific fields. Among the various methods applied to produce the fibre, electrospinning is proposed as one of the novel techniques. In this method, the non-woven structures are produced by applying electrical field to the polymer solution and due to the solvent evaporation. In the electrospraying method (as a branch of the electrospinning technique), the manufacturing process of the fibre production shifts to the production of capsules and thus conditions are provided for other varied applications of this technique. The electrospun fibres are applied in the processes such as filtration, tissue engineering, drug and nutraceutical targeted delivery as well as reinforcement of composite systems. In this comprehensive paper, relying on the experiences of the author, the introduction of electrospinning, the method of its implementation, and its potential applications in the food industry as well as the prospect of this technique in the industry will be discussed. Indeed, the entrances of this new approach to the food industry can induce significant alterations in this area of science.

Volume 13, Issue 59 (0-0)
Abstract

In the present research work, response surface methodology was used to achieve optimum condition to prepare orange peel oil – quince seed mucilage (QSM) and maltodextrin (MD) emulsion and using this emulsion in microencapsulation. For this purpose and in order to access stable emulsion, effect of three independent variables including orange peel oil concentration (15-25% w/w), QSM/MD (0.015-0.02) and solid concentration (QSM+MD)(25-35% w/w) on the three dependent variables including droplet size, creaming index and viscosity were investigated. Optimized emulsion (25% solid concentration, 0.02 QSM/MD and 0.025 orange peel oil concentration) were dried by freeze dryer, and were kept in three temperature (4, 25 and 42 °C) in order to investigation its stability during 6 week storage. The results showed that rheological properties of QSM, in particular its viscosity, had the highest effect on the stability and properties of emulsions and QSM could make quite stable emulsion over time. Also, our results revealed that half-life and release rate of encapsulated samples were significantly lower than control samples.

Volume 14, Issue 73 (0-0)
Abstract



Volume 15, Issue 75 (0-0)
Abstract



Volume 15, Issue 78 (8-2018)
Abstract



Volume 15, Issue 79 (9-2018)
Abstract



Volume 15, Issue 80 (10-2018)
Abstract



Volume 15, Issue 80 (10-2018)
Abstract

In food products packed in hot filling mode, the use of probiotic bacteria is very limited due to thermal sensitivity. The microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria is suggested as a suitable method for reducing thermal damage. Dual layer extrusion using high molecular weight hydrocolloids, such as zedo gum, can prevent thermal damage. In this research, microencapsulation by two layers extrusion method was performed on Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The first layer was sodium alginate and the second was zedo gum at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8%., was used. Microencapsulation was followed by light microscopy, texture and color analysis. Thermal stability, acid and salt stability, acid production tests and the growth of microencapsulated bacteria during storage conditions in MRS medium were investigated. The results showed that 0.8% zedo gum used as the second layer could significantly change the outer layer diameter. However, the increase of zedo concentration did not increase the hardness component. Only at 0.2% zedo gum had a significant difference with the rest (p<0.05). At 0.6% and 0.8% zedo gum increase in gumminess component wasobserved. At 72 ° C, the number of microencapsulated bacteria remained stable for 10 minutes, and at the 5th minute their count was about 5 log CFU‌/‌ml higher than free bacteria (p <0.05). The amount of acid production was lower and bacterial growth in the microencapsulated bacteria was slower than free bacteria. The microencapsulated bacteria had microbial survival of 2 log CFU/ml more than free bacteria the of 15% (pH = 1.5).

Volume 15, Issue 81 (11-2018)
Abstract



Volume 15, Issue 81 (11-2018)
Abstract



Volume 15, Issue 82 (12-2018)
Abstract

In the present study, in order to identifying the composition of Sargassum sp. Extract, total carotenoid, phenolic and flavonoid compounds were measured by spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity of extract was evaluated by free radical inhibitory test (DPPH). Nanoencapsulation of the Sargassum sp. Extract was performed by freeze drying method with composed wall materials of maltodextrin (M) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) and the effects of nanocapsules on oxidation stability Sargassum sp. Extract and subsequently improvement its antioxidant effect on fish oil were assessed by determining of peroxide and para-anisidine during 15 days storage. The evaluations showed the mean values of 0.32 mg/g, 84.19 mg GA/Eg and 4.03 mg GA/Eg of carotenoids, phenols and flavonoids in the Sargassum sp. Extract, respectively. The emulsion prepared from mixture of algae extract and M+WPC was completely stable, and its viscosity and particle size was measured at 670 ± 4 mPa.s and 59.530±62.4 nm, respectively., Fish oil enriched with encapsulated Sargassum sp. Extract and TBHQ showed lowest level of peroxide value and para-anesidine among all treatments during 15 days storage. The highest levels of oxidation indexes were shown in fish oil and pure algae extract, respectively. The results of this study obviously showed that the encapsulation of extract of Sargassum sp. with composed wall materials of maltodextrin (M) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) was effective on improvement of its antioxidant properties stability.

Volume 15, Issue 82 (12-2018)
Abstract



Volume 15, Issue 83 (12-2018)
Abstract



Volume 16, Issue 88 (6-2019)
Abstract

Kilka fish oil is highly susceptible to oxidation due to high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. One of the methods used to protect unsaturated oils from environmental damage is the encapsulation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of encapsulation process on reduction of Kilka fish oil oxidation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of type and concentration of wall materials on encapsulated fish oil properties. The mixture of xanthan and lepidium sativum (Shahi) seed gum was used in 100: 0, 50:50 and 0: 100 ratios as the continuous phase of emulsion. Concentration of solid material in wall solution was chosen at 30, 40 and 50%. A homogenizer ultraturax was used to prepare nanomulsions and a high pressure homogenizer was used to produce microemulsion. The results showed that the size of the capsules prepared with mixture wall in all concentration, xanthan gum at 40 and 50% concentration and capsules with shahi seed gum at 30% concentration was in the range of nano (below 100 nm). All microcapsules had a size below 10 micrometers. Zeta potential was negative for microcapsules and nanocapsules and the lowest and highest zeta potentials were related to capsule with mixture and shahi seed gum walls respectively. The nanocapsules showed higher efficiency of Kilka fish oil encapsulation than microcapsules. The images of the Scanning Electron Microscope represent a suitable network and uniform wall cover around the capsules, and structural fractures were not observed. The results of this study suggest using of fish oil microcapsules with shahi gum wall at 40% concentration, fish oil nanocapsules with mixture of xanthan and shahi gum wall at 40% concentration, and fish oil nanocapsules with 30% xanthan gum due to good properties for oil storage.
 

Volume 16, Issue 89 (7-2019)
Abstract

Abstract
Encapsulation may be defined as a process to entrap one substance within another substance, thereby producing particles with diameters of a few nm to a few mm. Due to the sensitivity of bioactive compounds there are different encapsulation techniques. In recent years, electroencapsulation or encapsulation using electrohydrodynamic processes (electrospinning and elcrospraying) which is a simple and effective technique to preserve and increase bioavailibility of components, has attracted particular attention of food and drug scientists. In this technique the electrostatic force is used to form charged jet from polymer solution containing bioactive components. After that solvent is evaporated, ultrathin structures are formed. The process is called electrospraying if the droplets are atomized in the electric field and the capsule (bead shape) is formed. In the event of the formation of a stable jet and nanofibers, the process is called electrospinning. Nanofibers have outstanding features such as high surface area to volume ratio and high porosity. These features have led to the use of nanofibers for drug delivery, filtration, tissue engineering, encapsulation of bioactive compounds, enzyme stabilization, as bimolecular sensors and food packaging. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of electrospinning to produce nanofibers suitable for food technology application particularly for use in encapsulation.
 
 

Volume 16, Issue 91 (9-2019)
Abstract

This study was investigated whit aimed to the effect of unsaponifiable matter (USM) of Tarom rice bran oil on free and nano-encapsulated form in oxidative stability of soybean oil. For this purpose nanoencapsulation of USM by chitosan and Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum (LPSG) as wall material were performed and particle size, encapsulation efficiency and also antioxidant activity before and after nanoencapsulation were measured. The effect of free and nano-encapsulated forms and synthetic antioxidant TBHQ on oxidative stability of soybean oil were evaluated by peroxide value (PV), conjugated dien (CD), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and color index and also release of phenolic and tocopherol compounds were measured. The results of this study showed that the nano-encapsulated sample by LPSG had particle size and encapsulation efficiency higher than that of the nano-encapsulated sample by chitosan, and also the antioxidant activity of USM decreased after nanoencapsulation. In the study of oxidative stability of soybean oil, our results showed that in the early stages of storage, USM of rice bran oil and nano-encapsulated samples increased the oxidation rate of soybean oil, but further free USM has shown better antioxidant activity compared to nano-encapsulated samples, and nano-encapsulated sample by LPSG had better antioxidant activity than the nano-encapsulated sample by chitosan. However, the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ showed higher antioxidant activity and better performance.
 

Volume 16, Issue 95 (12-2019)
Abstract

Peppermint is a very aromatic herbal plant with mouth cooling effect, having pungent mint and menthol flavor. It has many phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanin) which are considered as natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of maltodextrin and inlet air temperature on some properties of encapsulated peppermint extract. Spray drying is the most common and economical method of microencapsulation. In the current project, the impact of three different inlet air temperatures (140, 160 and 180 °C) and maltodextrin (DE=20-18) concentrations (10, 20 and 30%) on production efficiency, moisture content, water activity, solubility, hygroscopicity, wettability and color parameters of spray dried peppermint extract powder were investigated. The results showed that increasing inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentration led to increase in the production yield, powder solubility, L* and Hue parameters. While moisture content, water activity, hygroscopicity, wettability, chroma, a* and b* parameters were decreased. In conclusion, inlet temperature of 160 °C and maltodextrin concentration of 20% considered as optimum conditions maintaining desirable properties of peppermint extract powder during spray drying process

Volume 17, Issue 99 (4-2020)
Abstract

Nanoencapsulation is one of the most important processes to improve the chemical stability of aromatic and volatile compounds, to prevent their undesirable interactions with food ingredients, and their intelligent release into the food industry. Encapsulation may be defined as the process to entrap one substance within another substance, thereby producing particles with diameters of a few nm to a few mm. Due to the sensitivity of the bioactive compounds, there are different encapsulation techniques. In recent years, electroencapsulation or encapsulation using electrohydrodynamic processes (electrospinning and elcrospraying) which is a simple and effective technique to preserve and increase bioavailibility of components, has attracted particular attention of food and drug scientists. Electrospray is very important as one of the liquid spraying methods due to the production of tiny droplets and uniform distribution. One of the advantages of the electrospray system is that it has high control over the particle size distribution, with the particles almost uniform. Electrospray capsules also have the potential to prevent the destruction of carotenoids and vitamins. In addition to the protective effects of encapsulation on nutrients, they can also be used to improve the fluidity, transport, and displacement properties of materials, since they are solid form rather than liquid. In fact, during the microencapsulation of nutrients, enzymes or other substances (such as volatile oils, taste and colorants, enzymes, etc.) in micro or nano size by wall materials that can form lipids, protein biopolymers and polysaccharides or their complex is surrounded and protected from external factors. This article briefly describes the properties of the electrospray method and its applications.

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