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Statement Problem: Public service management in urban areas has become a determining factor in attracting and organizing the population. Proper management of this is essential to achieving citizen satisfaction. Meeting the expectations of people visiting a city is very important, because it can be decisive in deciding to stay in that place. Citizens' attachment to a city depends on adequate provision of public services.
Aim: This study examines the mental factors affecting citizens' satisfaction with municipal services. Three factors are considered: attachment to the place, quality of life and communication between the municipality and the citizens.
Methods: This study is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. The conceptual framework has been developed using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Results: The results showed that communication has the greatest impact on public service satisfaction (total direct and indirect effects= 0.938), followed by quality of life (total effects= 0.315) and finally, attachment to the city (Indirect effect= 0.256) are.
Conclusion: Therefore, municipalities in order to communicate more efficiently and faster with citizens in Tabriz should use technological systems and create the necessary activities on them so that they can communicate effectively with citizens. In addition, public institutions should not use these tricks for irregular events or limited time periods such as elections.
 

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Smart city is the use of ICT-based governance and is now a widespread trend around the world. Using smart cities is expected to be more effective in managing complex, diverse urban problems resulting from rapid urbanization. However, in its implementation, many fundamental problems significantly affect the success of the implementation of smart cities, including the lack of adequate human resources, technology policies, etc. have not been effective. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the formation of smart city in the city of Tabriz. The method of the present research is descriptive- analytic. The sample size is 384 residents of Tabriz. Structural equations with SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to analyze information and data. The findings showed that studied indices have a significant relationship with the smart city at the level of 95% confidence that among the studied components, the most influential one on the smart city is the smart citizen index (SC), smart government (SG), smart life (SL) with extracted coefficients, respectively with 0.899, 0.825 and 0.799, based on the structural model of the research. The goodness of fit index is higher than 0.50 equal to 0.78, which indicates the optimal fit of the research. As a result, 6 indicators including smart economy, smart people, smart government, smart mobility, smart life and smart environment have been effective in the formation of smart city, and the realization of these factors will lead to the success of Tabriz smart city.

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In order to determine and predict the possible damage imposed on the structures, performance-based standards have presented certain levels and limits. The current study aimed to make a probabilistic evaluation of the process of the special steel moment frames exceeding these levels through comparing the demand measure (DM) and the intensity measure (IM). It further tried to examine the performance of the sixth and tenth issues of the national regulations and standard 2800 in confining the damage imposed on this type of structure. The results of DM probabilities analysis based on IM parameter could be expressed in two ways: 1) the fragility curve of the probability exceeding the limit states, and 2) assessment of the probability of the mean annual exceeding the limit states. Among numerous types of limit states, the global collapse of the structure is of utmost significance. The present study utilized both forms of this analysis. In the first phase of the research, cumulative distribution function curves (CDF) were used to assess the performance of the structures subjected to the records of various risk levels according to FEMA-350 guideline. To this end, a ten-story and a twenty-story special steel moment frame were modeled in OpenSees software. Then, fragility curves of frames collapse were drawn at three performance levels of immediate occupancy (IO), collapse prevention (CP), and global instability (GI) through using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) by means of the records introduced in The Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) for near and far fault records. Then, in the second phase of the study, the collapse probability of the structures under the study was estimated for Tehran city, which is located at a high seismicity zone. It is worth noting that these structures were designed and loaded according to the existing guidelines and were considered at the risk level 2 (risk level 2 according to the FEMA 356 and 360 guidelines) under the influence of the earthquake, Moreover, the median collapse capacity intensity (S ̂_CT) was calculated indicating the acceleration in which the structure collapse probability equals to 50%. Finally, the aforementioned curves were used and the probability values corresponding to the exceeding occurrence of the frames under the study were obtained from three risk levels with the return periods of 75, 475 and 2475 years old and the damage imposed on these frames were assessed and compared. The findings indicated that the special moment frames influenced by the far and near faults records were safe at the performance levels of IO, CP, and GI and hence, the purpose of the seismic designing and loading guidelines was fulfilled. The highest certainty coefficient belonged to the ten-story frame under the influence of far fault records and the lowest certainty coefficient belonged to the twenty-story structure under the influence of near fault records. This clearly demonstrated the influence of increasing the structure height on the collapse probability of the structures and the impact of near fault records. avbsbsb nncj nzzka naakk anaak kxlcl llajsj lsppddi aappais ppwwieu pkakanlssppd plssldj. opqpqqnznz llkksnx xm..nxmla l;aa;a ncmckc.

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Earthquake sequences occur at many regions around the world where complex fault systems exist. These fault systems usually do not relieve all accumulated strains at once when the first rupture takes place. Therefore, high stresses formed at different locations causing sequential ruptures until the fault system is completely stabilized. The sequential ruptures along the fault segment(s) lead to multiple earthquakes which are often hard to distinguish them as fore, main and after-shocks, or a sequence of earthquakes from proximate fault segments. The most recent one sequences occurred are two foreshocks of magnitude 6.2 and 6 followed by a magnitude 7 main shock between 14 and 15 April 2016 caused severe damage and injuries. The event of two earthquakes by magnitude 2.6 and 6, which rocked the cities of Ahar, Varzaghan and Harris in East Azerbaijan in Iran in August 2012, is also a seismic sequence. Field investigations reported failure of structural systems under earthquake sequences, especially where structural retrofitting was not provided due to the short time between the earthquake sequences. In most failure cases the reported damage is mainly due to loss of stiffness and strength of structural elements as a result of material deterioration under earthquake sequences loadings. Buildings may have different configurations depending on the construction location and have different plan dimensions that would lead to irregularity in their planning. Limited research has addressed the seismic behavior of structures subjected to earthquake sequences especially irregular structures. This study investigates the effect of earthquake aftershocks on the steel buildings with irregularity in plan. For this purpose, we studied on structures of 8, 12 and 20 number of stories with special steel frame system under the earthquake sequences. Each of these structures consists of three cases: regular, irregular 1, and irregular 2 models that were designed in accordance to Iranian codes by SAP 2000 software. Geometric irregularities in the plan of the structure created in accordance to Iran's seismic code, a recess should be created in proportion to more than 2% of the total length of the building. In this paper, first irregularity has a recess by 5 meters (one span) and the second irregularity with a recess by 10 meters (two spans), which is 25% and 50% of the length of the building, respectively. The spectral dynamical analysis method has been used to design the structures. For nonlinear analysis, we use Perform-3D software, In Perform-3D, a frame element is used to model beams and columns. Then these structures were evaluated by nonlinear dynamic analysis under actual earthquake sequences. Six sequential earthquake categories that have a major earthquake spacing with corresponding aftershock occurred in less than a week in the area were selected from the PEER (Earthquake Strength Database). Finally, after discussion on parameters such as roof displacement, residual inter story drift and maximum inter story drift, it is observed that aftershock leads to increasing the response of the structures and as a result failure under aftershock. By increasing the irregularity in the plan, the instability of the structure increases under aftershock, which may cause structural failure.

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Bioactive peptides are special protein components that have a significant effect on human body function. In this study, the effect of proteins and peptides resulting from the hydrolysis of amaranth proteins (total protein, albumin, and globulin) at levels 1 to 5% and different hydrolysis times (0.5, 1.5, 3, and 5 hours) on The properties of sourdough and the quality of bread were investigated. The results showed that the peptides obtained by hydrolysis of total amaranth protein in 3 hours had the greatest effect on the growth of Lactobacillus Plantarum (PTCC 1896) (11.40 Log CFU / mL) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PTCC 5052)  (8.32 Log CFU / mL) in vitro. These microbes are the main flora of sourdough and different amounts of peptides on their growth were statistically significant compared to the control sample. The titratable acidity and pH ‌ after 16 hours of fermentation at 30 ° C in the wet dough containing 5% peptide were 13.33 mL NaOH and 4.6, respectively, which was higher than other treatments. The highest amount of water activity, specific volume, titratable acidity, and the lowest enthalpy in bread was prepared from sourdough containing 3% peptide. Therefore, bread made from sourdough containing 3% peptides was selected as the best treatment to increase the quality of bread.

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Zoning and seismic hazard analysis is a powerful tool with useful and valuable information for decision-making. In this study, seismic zoning of Ardabil city on the seismic bedrock level was studied using deterministic hazard analysis method, and fuzzy inference system. The purpose of earthquake hazard analysis is to estimate the strong ground motion parameters in a time period and in a specific site. In all steps of seismic hazard analysis, there are uncertainties that make inevitable use of appropriate methods in seismic hazard assessment. Fuzzy logic is known as a reliable method to evaluate seismic hazards with reliable results in a short time with a simple and flexible process. Iran is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world where cities severely suffered during this natural phenomenon. The city of Ardabil with the coordinates of 38.25 North and 48.30 East, is the center of Ardabil province and is located in the northwestern part of Iran. Due to its location among several important active faults with a background of numerous historical destructive earthquakes, its seismicity and hazard analysis seems to be necessary. For this purpose, all the active faults located within a radius of 150 km from the city center along with their seismic history were studied and 20 potential seismic sources were selected for seismic hazard analysis. In the present study, seismic hazard zoning analysis of the Ardabil city is first performed by the conventional deterministic method by meshing the whole area under study with dimensions of 1000 × 1000 meters; then it is performed using the fuzzy inference system for the centers of each mesh, and the results are compared. In deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA), 5 attenuation relationships were used to determine the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and the site-specific response spectrum for the center of each mesh. According to the results obtained by DSHA method, the value of horizontal PGA varies between 0.24g and 0.43g, while using the fuzzy inference system it varies between 0.25g and 0.43g. As a result, the maximum horizontal PGA in this area can be suggested about 0.43g. According to the results obtained from both methods, source No. 3, for which the Bozqoush fault is its main active fault, can be considered the main source potentially causing destructive earthquakes in the future compared to the other sources. Moreover, this source is located at a very close distance to Ardabil city. As well, in general, it can be concluded that the western parts of the city are more prone of sever earthquakes compared to the other parts of the city, and therefore, it is better to build important buildings and infrastructures in areas with lower PGA (eastern parts of the city) and encourage the politicians to urban development to this direction in the future. This study clearly confirms that new techniques such as fuzzy methods can be used to improve and develop the seismic hazards analysis.