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Nowadays, the seismic performance-based design of structures has been widely noticed by the engineering community. So, different methods for performance-based design have been presented by different researchers. This attitude has been included in the design code and regulations for seismic design of new buildings and retrofit of existing buildings. The FEMA P-58 performance-based design method presented by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) can quantify the consequences related to the seismic response of buildings. Therefore, using this method, the seismic performance of buildings can be directly evaluated. In addition, this performance-based design method can define simpler criteria such as repair cost, repair time, and casualties for seismic evaluation and decision-making process. The method is based on considering different sources of uncertainty in earthquake input and its intensity, structural response, associated damage, and repair cost, using the concepts of conditional probability and total probability theorem. In this method, the building is designed in such a way that it meets the expected and predetermined performance level in a specific level of seismic excitation. Since the performance levels of the building are determined based on the amount of damage caused to structural and non-structural members, one of the practical and effective ways to evaluate performance is to estimate the building repair cost. In the approach presented in FEMA P-58, the repair cost is defined in a probabilistic approach, as the cost needed to restore the damaged parts to their original state in the form of expected annual loss. In this research, first, three 4-, 12-, and 20-story office buildings with the lateral force resisting system of reinforced concrete special moment frames were selected in a high seismic risk area. Then, the nonlinear model of structures was provided in OpenSEES software. In order to reduce the computational cost and analysis time, the single-bay Substitute Frame model was used to simplify the multi-bay reinforced concrete moment frames. All four structures were subjected to Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) for 30 earthquake records. A probabilistic relationship between the spectral acceleration of the earthquake and the main damage parameter (i.e. the inter-story drift), as well as the collapse fragility curve, was obtained. Then, the repair cost including the cost of repairing structural members as well as beams and columns, the cost of repairing non-structural members as well as partition and curtain walls, and the cost of replacing collapsed structures was calculated as expected annual loss. The results show that the repair costs at the Design-Based Earthquake (DBE) for 4-, 12-, and 20-story buildings are 3%, 2.5%, and 10% of the building replacement cost and at Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) are 22%, 23%, and 38% of the building replacement cost, respectively. In addition, in short buildings, most of the cost is caused by repairing structural and non-structural members, and in tall buildings, most of the cost is caused by replacing collapsed or severely damaged structures. Considering two nonstructural elements (i.e. partition and curtain walls) in repair cost, the analysis results show that the cost of repairing structural elements is more than the cost of repairing non-structural elements.

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Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium, the second most common bacteria in the intestine and the main indicator of urban water pollution, is the most common cause of urinary tract infection and also is one of the main factors in food poisoning and diarrhea. Drug resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics is a global challenge. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and other gene transfer pathways which is an important factor in the evolution of many organisms, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, gene function. Antibiotic resistance in E. coli can be transferred to another species of bacteria through HGT mechanisms. Today, Bioinformatics methods have been used to understand of gene transfer from HGT mechanism. In this study, we used bioinformatics tools such as PredictBias, ACLAME, Mobil Genetic Elements (MGEs) PAI-ID, and Alien_Hunter in order to genes analysis that related from antibiotic resistance in E. coli. Bioinformatics and MIC assays result show that from 26 to 30 genes have been identified in all safthwers. Most of genes that identified show over 50 percent of GC content. put P gene with 178, blaCMY with 62, BlaTEM with 43, and aac-6 with 66 homology in the PredictBias website identified. Also in the ACLAME website, mob (A-C) and rep (A-C) gene family are highest number of horizontal gene transfer from infection bacteria strain. Those cluster genes are the highest resistant of laboratory tests which carries resistant genes such as  blaSHV and blaCHV on the blaCMY plasmid.       

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Hydrodynamic pressure on the upstream face of the concrete dams under the effect of earthquake is one of the most important parameters, in planning dams' structure in earthquake zone. Because of the reservoir effect, dynamic analysis of concrete dams is more involved than other common structures. This problem is mostly sourced by the differences between reservoir water, dam body and foundation material behaviors. As a result, researches in this case must be able to evaluate the response of dam with consideration of dam’s interaction with reservoir and its foundation. This problem has been studied vastly by different researchers. The first research on the analysis of concrete gravity dam has been done by Westergaard in 1930 and hydrodynamic pressure on the dam face was obtained by some simplifications. There were a lot of other researches which studied the seismic behavior of the dam-reservoir system, including nonlinear behavior of the dam under pressure and also cavitation. In each research, different modeling methods are presented which are divided into two main groups. In first method which is called Eulerian method, pressure is the main unknown variable in reservoir nodes. In the second method that its main unknown variable is displacement of nodes is called lagrangian method. Each of the methods contain some advantageous and disadvantageous. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate possible advantages and disadvantages of both methods. Specifically, application of the above methods in the analysis of dam-foundationreservoir systems is leveraged to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure on dam faces. Within the frame work of dam- foundation-reservoir systems, dam displacement under earthquake for various dimensions and characteristics are also studied. To achieve this purpose, visual C#.NET 2003 computer programming language is used in this investigation that produces possibility of dynamic analysis of concrete dams under earthquake with system modeling by both methods. Nine node elements for reservoir and eight node elements for dam and foundation are used for both methods. Also newmark average acceleration method is used for solving dynamic’s equilibrium equation. Modares Civil Engineering Journal (M.C.E.L) Vol.11, No.4, Winter 2011 131 In this paper the response of the tallest, non-overflow monolith of Pine Flat dam in California, which is 122 m high, to horizontal and vertical component of earthquake is computed. A water depth of 116 m is considered in full reservoir condition, and the water has the following properties: unit mass,  1000 kg /m3 , bulk modulus, K  2.07*109 kg/m2 , and pressure wave velocity, w c 1440m/ s . The finite element model of reservoir consists of 12 isoparametric elements and it extends upstream a distance of 366 m, three times the dam height. The dam consists of 20 isoparametric elements. The concrete of dam has the unit mass of  2500kg /m3 , young’s modulus ofE  2.275*1010kg /m3, and poisson`s ratio of   0.25. The concrete of foundation has the unit mass of , young’s modulus ofE 4.45*1010 kg / m3 f  , and poisson`s ratio of  0.25 f  . The peak acceleration of S69E and vertical components are 0.18g and 0.1g, respectively. The results of both Lagrangian and Eulerian methods for Pine Flat dam are quantitatively evaluated and compared in different condition and following results are achieved: 1- In Lagrangian Method, there is only one variable in equilibrium equation and mass and stiffness matrixes are symmetric. But there is not such a condition in Eulerian method. Also, the numbers of unknown parameters are different in two methods. By considering these differentiations, needed time for analysis of Pine Flat Dam under Taft earthquake ,with mentioned characteristics, by Lagrangian method is 1.17 times more than needed time for Eulerian method. 2- The effect of material on reservoir's bottom in absorbing energy and `reducing system's response was considerable especially under vertical component of the earthquake. Results indicate that this case is not affected by reservoir modeling method. By applying this effect, the response will decrease about 15% under horizontal component and 60% under vertical component of the earthquake. 3- By evaluating the effect of reservoir bottom's slope, it is concluded that in the case of rigid foundation, the response by Lagarngian modeling is about 10% more than Eulerian one. With the increase of slope, the response will decrease under horizontal component of earthquake but it will decrease or increase about 13% under vertical component of the earthquake. In other words, reservoir bottom slope has little effect on response of the system under both vertical and horizontal component of earthquake. But this effect is not negligible. 4- It is included from the analyses that by decreasing the depth of reservoir the response will decease up to 50 percent under horizontal component of earthquake. This amount is 80 percent under vertical component. Also in the case of decreased depth, response of Lagarngian method is about 10% more than Eulerian method. 5-In all analysis, the assumption of rigid foundation results in greater answers than the cases of flexible foundation.

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Vowel harmony like assimilation is a very common process which is seen in most languages of the world. This process is studied by most phonological theories such as generative phonology, auto segmental phonology and optimality theory and is considered as a criterion for evaluating the adequacy of these phonological theories to account. This article deals with the vowel and vowel consonant harmony in Persian. Vowel harmony and vowel consonant harmony studies the features such as height, front/backless, roundness, and advanced tongue root and retracted tongue root. The research method of this article is content analysis and the data are collected by purposive sampling. Theoretical framework of this research is Optimality Theory. In Persian languages features of vowels such as frontness/backness, height and roundness involved in vowel and vowel consonant harmony are studied. Also some features of consonants such as anteriority or posteriority or their place of articulation changed in harmonies are studied.  In this article some faithfulness and marked constraints for accounting vowel and vowel- consonant harmony in Persian such as license, agreement and identity are introduced. Finally it was shown that strong positions in Persian account harmony in this language
1. Introduction
In some languages there are specific constraints ruling on vowel features which appear in special linguistic area which is called harmony, thereby vowels in intended areas harmonize in some feature. (Roca &Johnson,2005:149). In other words, vowel harmony is a kind of assimilation in which vowels in a specific phonological, morphological or syntactic assimilate in one or some features. The aim of this research is describing types of vowel harmony and vowel consonant harmony in the framework of optimality in Persian. The main question of this research is that whether there is vowel or vowel consonant harmony in Persian and if so, what features are involved in it? The research method of this article is content analysis and the framework is optimality theory. Data of this research are 705 words collected by counting all cases from the Moin 6 volumes dictionary. The data for optimality theory analysis are collected by purpose. Data analysis shows that in front vowels by reducing the height the frequency of vowel harmony among vowels increases. Also, in back vowels the most frequent harmony belongs to /a/ and frequency of vowel harmony among two other vowels, /o/ and /u/ are the same. In back vowels by reducing the height frequency of vowel harmony increases. In Persian and specially in colloquial variety vowel harmony is seen in simple and two part morphemes. Followings are main types of harmony in Persian: a: simple harmony in one feature. In this harmony only one feature is involved. Back harmony: [ʔerteʔɑš] →[ʔertɑʔɑš].  Height harmony: sebi´l      →     sibi´l. Roundness harmony:      be+xor  →     bo´xor. b. harmony in multiple features. In this type some vowel fetures are involved. In   be+gu  →   bu´gu   /e/ alternates with /u/./e/ because of heightness and backness of /u/ become [ +high,+back].In epenthesis vowel harmony in Bushehri dialect definite suffix has three alternations: /-oku/, /-eku/ and /-ku/, from which the first two end in consonant and the last one end in vowel. (Ahmadzade Borazjani,2010). In vowel consonant harmony features of vowel harmonize with consonant: in bi-ya alternation of /i/ and /e/   is because of harmony between height and since /y/ has the feature [-back,+high], /e/ becomes high and changes to /i/.
 
Tableau 1. constraints of /bæha’r /

Input: /bæhar´/	AGREE(back)	Lic(back)-σæ	IDENT- IO(back)
a. bæhar´	*!
a. bæhar´			*
c.bæhær´		*!	*

  
Tableau 1 represents constraints, candidate a doesn't violates license constraint and the reason is that /a/ has stress. This candidate violates Agree constraint because of difference of the vowels. Also, this candidate because of the lack of changing the vowels from input to output violates the identity constraint. Candidate b observes the license constraint because of the stress of the second vowel. Also, this candidate observes the Agree constraint because of sameness of vowels. However, the third constraint because of the difference in input and output in the first vowel is violated. Candidate c violates the license constraint because of the lack of stress in back vowels. Also, this candidate violates the identity because of the difference of the vowel in input and output. Agree constraint because of the identity of the vowels is not violated. So, the candidate b is optimal.
 
Tableau2. Constraints of /keli´d/

Input: /keli´d/	AGREE(high)	Lic(high)-σæ	IDENT- IO(high)
a.keleʹd		*!	*
b.Ckili´d			*
c.kileʹd	*	*!	**

 
In tableau 2 candidate a violates a because of lack of height of stressed vowel. This candidate observes Agree constraint because of identity of vowels. Also, this candidate violates identity constrain because of changing the second vowel. Candidate b violates identity constraint because of the lack of height stressed vowel. Candidate c violates license constraint because of the lack of height of stressed vowel. Also, this candidate violates the Agree constraint because of the difference in vowels. Identity constraint is violated twice because of the difference in vowels in input and output. So, constraint b is optimal.
 
Tableau3. Constraints of /be-xor/

Input: /be-xor/	AGREE(back)	Lic (+round)- σ´	IDENT(round)
a. be-xor	*
b. Cbo-xor			*

 
 In tableau 3 candidate a violates Agree constraint in backness. Candidate b violates only roundedness constraint which is in lower rank. So, candidate b is optimal.
In Persian there are three types of vowel harmony including harmony in height, harmony in back vowels and harmony in roundedness. Harmony of height of vowels applies on middle vowels and this causes to raising and become a high vowel. The goal of vowel harmony of backness or height of vowels in Persian is reducing the resetting articulatory organs and this is the result of faithfulness of strong position. It seems that in Persian in simple word stress is phonological element which causes harmony. In these words, feature spreading from strong position, stress position to weak phonological position, stress less position. However, in complex words root acts as strong position.

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In this paper, the problem of decentralized model reference adaptive control (MRAC) for a class of large scale systems with time varying delay in interconnected term and input and state delays is studied. To compensate the effect of input delay indirectly, a Smith predictor built on. To handle the effects of the time delays in input, the adaptive controller part includes two auxiliary dynamic filters with time varying gains. Under a usual assumption that the interconnections are assumed to be Lipschitz in its variables and uniformly in time with unknown Lipschitz gains, the difficulties from unknown interconnections are dealt. A generalized error is defined and by a suitable Lyapunov function, an adaptive controller is designed to stabilize it. Decentralized adaptive feedback controller can render the generalized error system uniformly ultimately bounded stable is designed. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design techniques. 
 



 

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Abstract: Considering the seismicity of most of the areas in Iran, it is inevitable to confront the earthquake because of its major property and life damages. Therefore researchers put a great effort on designing and strengthening against earthquake. The researches conducted so far for improving the reinforced concrete structures using different types of steel braces and analytical studies and widespread experiments has been done for confronting destructive effects of earthquake on structures, results show the proper effectiveness of different mechanisms of inactive seismic control of structures as an efficient option for confronting the earthquake forces. Of different control methods, using friction damper could be counted as one of the best methods for improving the seismic behavior of current structures, as it uses a simple mechanism and doesn’t need specific materials or technology. By using friction dampers both the rigidity and the structure’s hysteresis energy loss ability is increased. These dampers by their inelastic behavior in different points of the structure cause the loss of incoming energy of earthquake. Also in high importance structures, by selecting the proper design parameters, it is possible to prevent the main structural members to enter the inelastic behavior limit which causes local damages to some parts of them or minimize that. This system was first introduced by Pall and March in 1982. The mechanism of this system is creating slippage friction surfaces at the intersection of braces. For building frames, these dampers could be used in crossed tension bracing, single diagonal bracing and Chevron bracing. The first model of pall friction damper was tested in chevron bracing against earthquake in Eaton Building in Canada. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Pall friction dampers in reducing structural response during the earthquake. Therefore, modeling of the damper is based on the model used by the Pall Corporation in Eaton Building. The functioning of this damper is by generating friction under lateral shear force which causes the movement of the damper and generation of slippage in it. Therefore, three concrete moment frames with 5, 8 and 10 stories, have been designed according to the Iranian National Codes. Using SAP2000, v14, several static nonlinear analyses were done to get the performance point of frames on the basis of the capacity spectrum method. Adding chevron braces to the mid span, the target displacement of frames were determined. Considering the fact that none of the braced moment frames satisfied the Life Safety criteria under Design Based Earthquake, Pall friction dampers have been added to the frames and static nonlinear analysis were done by several slip loads such as 1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of frame weights. Evaluation showed that in optimum slip Load, the performance level of the frames improves.

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This paper presents a new load frequency control (LFC) design in a multi area power system by using local observers. Firstly, sliding mode observers with unknown inputs are designed for each area to estimate the state variables locally. In this stage interconnections and load variations are assumed as unknown inputs. Then, local state feedback and output integral are used to attenuate the effect of load variations in each area. Analysis and simulation results for a three-area interconnected power system show improvements on closed loop performance in comparisons with other existing methods.

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This paper trys to explain, based on the framework of the dynamic phase theory, how to eliminate the internal object of the verb in Persian. At first, in order to determine whether deleted internal argument in Persian verb phrase is the result of  argument ellipsis (AE) or verb stranding verb phrase ellipsis (VSVPE), we apply some common diagnostic criteria  in the previous studies such as verb movement out of verb phrase, verbal identity, deletion of prepositional phases as intrnal arguements, coordination structure, order of adverbs of state and objects and scrambling. Because of incapability of the mentioned diagnostic criteria in the previous literature, we resort to the dynamic approach of phase theory (Bošković: 2005, 2013, 2014). Based on this approach, we conclude that what is deleted in the verb phrase is either a phase or the complement of a phase. Accordingly, this approach can provide the readers up with a more comprehensive and economical explanation of the mentioned structure in Persian.

1. Introduction
The present essay, based on the framework of minimalist program and dynamic phase theory (Beshkovich, 2005, 2013 and 2014), is an attempt to explain the elimination of the internal argument in the structure of Persian simple sentences. Realizing the nature of the unpronounced subject as pro in various languages such as Italian (Chomsky, 1981; Rizzi, 1982) attracted the attention of some linguists, especially in the field of generative syntax, to identify the syntactic identity of these unpronounced objects. Consequently, there are two different approaches in the previous literature with regard to the nature of these objects. One of them believes in the existence of the pro in the place of such internal arguments, and the other believes in their deletion. Based on Karimi's (2016 ) idea, there is no pro in place of unpronounced internal arguments in the Persian intended structures. On the other hand, based on the second view; that is, deletion, we consider six major criteria common in different previous studies to determine the category of the deleted element. But based on these citeria, there is no consensus view in this regard. Some researchers believe in argument ellipsis (AE), while others believe in verb stranding VP-ellipsis (VSVPE) in the intended structures. Because of the duality and some cotradictions in the findings of these two views, resulted from the incapability of the mentioned diagnostic criteria in the previous literature, we resort to the dynamic approach of phase theory (Bošković, 2005, 2013, 2014).
Research Question(s)

1. What is the process resulted in the deletion of the internal argument in Persian simple sentences?
2. How can the dynamic phase approach provide us up with a comprehensive explanation of the process of deletion in the intended structures?

2. Methodology
This study, from the point of view of purpose and nature is theoretical and explanatory and from the point of view of method is documentary. Considering that one of the paradigms raised in generative syntax is that the data should be analyzed based on the intuition of the native speakers, in this research, the data were analyzed based on the intuitions of the authors. The process of deletion in Persian language has not been investigated based on the dynamic phase approach so far. On these account, one can argue that the present study has opened a new line of research in this field.
Chomsky’s (2000, 2001) definition of phasehood is understood as a rigid concept; that is, phasal status of a category does not depend on its syntactic context. Accordingly, CPs and VPs are always taken to be phases. This runs counter to the spirit of the Minimalist predecessor of phases; barriers (Chomsky, 1986). In the barriers system, whether a particular category is a barrier or not depends on its syntactic context. Consequently, sometimes CP is a barrier and sometimes it is not, depending on its syntactic context. In other words, while phases are defined rigidly, barriers are defined contextually.
Because of some inadequacies, a number of generative linguists have recently argued that phasehood should also be defined contextually. One of them is Bošković (2005, 2013, 2014). He argues for a particular contextual approach whereby the highest projection in the extended projection of a major (i.e., lexical) category functions as a phase. This approach is flexible as the amount of structure (including the highest phrase) projected by major categories can differ not only in different lanuages but also within a single language.

3. Results
Applying six criteria common in previous studies, we try to investigate the deletion process of unpronounced internal argument in Persian simple sentences. The findings indicate that these critera cannot attain a unanioumous explanation with regard to the syntactic process involved in the intended structures.
As a result, we resort to the dynamic phase approach  (Beshkovich, 2005, 2013, 2014). The findings of this research indicates that what is deleted in the intended structures is neither the result of argument ellipsis (AE) nor verb stranding VP-ellipsis (VSVPE). Rather, the deleted constituent is a phase or the complement of a phase.
Accordingly, this study provides the readers up with a comprehensive, and consequently an econemical analysis instead of the contradictory findings of previous studies, considering the intended stuctures as a result of either argument ellipsis (AE) or Verb stranding VP-ellipsis (VSVPE).
 

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Jam is a product that uses a lot of sugar in its preparation, and this compound plays an important role in increasing the level of sugar. Since the increase in blood sugar is associated with diabetes and obesity, so reducing sugar consumption in this product can reduce the risk of these diseases which are caused by long-term use of this product. In this study, enzymatic invert sugar was used as a substitute for sugar in different ratios (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). Quince seed gum and pectin were also used as thickeners to improve the texture properties of jam. Measurement of acidity and pH, viscosity, brix, total sugar, reducing sugars, energy intake and sensory properties were measured. According to the results, with adding the gum and pectin, pH decreased, followed by acidity, brix, viscosity, reducing sugars, tissue hardness, yellowness and lightness index as well as sensory properties scores. Also, with increasing invert sugar, the acidity of samples increased, while brix and viscosity of samples decreased significantly (P˂0.05). But as the invert sugar concentration increased, the taste and color scores of the samples increased. The color score of the samples was significantly increased (P˂0.05) by adding quince seed gum. There was no statistically significant difference in odor of samples with increasing sugar replacement percentage (P≥0.05). In general, based on the results of physico-chemical and sensory tests, it can be said that jam samples containing 75% invert and 0.25% of gum to (treatment number 15) were the best samples with 15% fewer calories than control samples.

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The consumption of fermented milk products, including yogurt, has been increased dramatically as people become aware of the functional and health resources. Quinoa seeds have recently received more attention due to their favorite nutritional properties and high content of protein, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and essential vitamins. Therefore, in this study, the fortification of beneficial yogurt with quinoa and its effect on physicochemical and microbial and organoleptic properties of product were investigated. Flour of quinoa seeds were added to yogurt milk at three levels (2, 4, and 6%). A sample of each treatment is selected every week and were analysed with respect to physicochemical (texture, pH, acidity, dry matter, hydration, etc.), microbial (starter count and yeast mold), and sensory properties compering to control samples. Based on the results of physicochemical tests, addition of quinoa flour significantly reduced syneresis, pH, and increased acidity, dry matter, viscosity, fiber, fat, and ash contents. The evaluation of color of samples showed that L index decreased while a and b indexes increased significantly with increasing the percentage of quinoa flour. On the other hand, the starters counts increased in fortified samples due to the nutrients of quinoa. Sensory properties were not significantly different between fortified and control sample except of texture that was improved with quinoa addition. The results of this study showed that the use of quinoa flour in stirred yogurt can led to producing a product with desirable and functional characteristics.

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The present paper investigates and compares the crack propagation in concrete gravity dams using two models of linear fracture mechanics and plasticity damage concrete. The first model is based on linear concrete behavior using the extended finite element method without considering the effect of strain softening on the crack tip while the second model is based on the nonlinear concrete behavior and the strain softening in tension with damage parameter. According to two different algorithms and based on two models, several benchmark examples are reviewed and the results compared with those reported in the literature. Then, path of the crack growth in Koyna gravity dam due to a seismic excitation of Koyna earthquake in 1962 has been performed by considering the dam-reservoir interaction.
The results show that due to low compressive stresses during analysis of concrete gravity dams, consideration of compressive nonlinear behavior has no effect on crack initiation and almost is the same for two models. However because of crack opening and closing with tapping the crack faces together in extended finite element model, the compressive stress will be more than the allowable stress of concrete. Crack initiation at downstream and upstream face occurred at angle of 90 and zero degrees respectively, which in both models, the numerical results are in agreement with the experimental model.
The crack in the extended finite element model grows faster such that the crest block of dam in this model is separated from the dam body, earlier than the concrete plastic damage model. Also the values of dam crest displacement and hydrodynamic pressure in the reservoir in extended finite element model with linear elastic fracture mechanic are more than the other model, which can be attributed to the linear and nonlinear behavior of concrete in extended finite element and concrete plastic damage model respectively. In the extended finite element model, due to using linear fracture mechanic, the maximum principal stress in the cracked elements reaches the values greater than the maximum tensile strength, but in the concrete plastic damage model as soon as the stress reaches a tension limit value, elements are damaged and the stress is reduced. In both models, the crack located at the slope change area, propagates with the downward slope from downstream dam face and connects to the crack at upstream face which is growth horizontally.
Because of laboratory sample dimension and boundary condition of dam-reservoir compared with actual manner, neither of two crack profiles covered the experimental model, accurately. But it is shown that the crack profiles in the extended finite element model are more consistent with experimental results. Finally, the results show that the crack profile are slightly different in the two models because of quasi brittle behavior of the dam concrete, which can be attributed to the small fracture process zone of the crack tip in comparison with the dimension of the concrete gravity dams such that by removing strain softness part, the error in the amount of additional computation can be neglected.  
 

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Aims: New vaccines based on recombinant and DNA proteins are safer than traditional vaccines, but unfortunately, they have lower Therefore, there is a need for the development of safe and strong that can increase the immune PLGA), ester, consists of acidic and lactic acid. Its hydrolysis leads to the production of lactic acid and glycolic acid monomers. The aim of this study was to compare humoral and cell mediated immune response to coated PLGA in mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, PLGA nanoparticles were produced by water/oil (W/O) method. Tetanus toxin attached to by EDC. After coated characterization, they were injected into different groups of mice. The complete and Alum as After a single injection, the of was investigated by ELISA and cellular analyzed by spleen cell proliferation assay. One-way analysis of variance was used.
Findings: PLGA nanoparticles had a strong effect, and when used with antigens, could produce cellular and humoral immune response far more powerful than alum and than Freund’s adjuvant.
Conclusion: Glycolic polyester, in the form of conjugation with an antigen, can be used to increase the immune response, especially in the cellular immune arm, relative to the antigenic solution. Although PLGA seems not so successful to the humoral immune stimulus against in comparison to the full of it can be a significant competitor with

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Anahita, a prominent Zoroastrian goddess, has always had importance status and widely revered during the Sassanian period. In the present research, relying on the studies of Sassanian bas-reliefs and stuccos, an attempt has been made to study the role of this goddess in Sassanian art. The results of this research clearly indicate that Anahita, among the other Zoroastrian deities, has always had a valuable place in those eras because she was thought to offer wisdom to those who revered her. Personification and depiction of the goddess Anahita in human icons in Sassanian bas-reliefs and stuccos were an attempt by the Sassanian emperors to legitimize their rule.