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Showing 30 results for rezvani
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Adding suffix is one of the methods of making words to produce various meanings. Various semantic contexts vary depending on the suffixes and prefixes in the word derivation. The suffixes "-är", "-gär", "-gar", "-an", "-nadeh" are known in Persian as suffixes that produce adjectives and nouns. In Russian the following suffixes:
-тель, -арь, -чик, -щик, ...
In the row, there are suffixes for making nouns. Among the above two suffixes "-арь" and "-тель" in Russian language are analyzed to find equivalence in Persian language.
The purpose of writing this research is to identify the active and passive suffixes in Russian and Persian languages and to examine them against each other in understanding their meaning and form, relying on the theory of semantic-lexical expression (Liber) 2004 and the grammatical theory. The questions that we seek to answer in this article are, what is the degree of convergence and divergence of the semantic expansion of active and passive suffixes in two languages? Is it possible to make some words with the help of existing words, according to the generative and cognitive grammar approach, to what extent the semantic overlap allows the reproduction of some figures. And as a result of this research: it was found that the investigated suffixes in two languages use the same basic units of noun + infinitive + suffix, but in the semantic part, the expected correspondence does not match completely.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (Number 1&2 - 2002)
Abstract
Samples from five sturgeon species including Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), Russian sturgeon (A. gueldenstaedti), Great sturgeon (Huso huso),Ship sturgeon (A. nudi-ventris) and Stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus) were collected from the South Caspian Sea. DNA was extracted from the fins, eggs and skeleton muscle of the five species. RAPD markers were used for identifying different kinds of black caviar and sturgeon meat. The polymorphic band from RAPD amplification of DNA from two out of five sturgeon spe-cies was purified, cloned and sequenced. RAPD analysis was carried out in order to com-pare the five species using an operon primer set. Sequence Characterised Amplifed Re-gion (SCAR) primers were designed and used to amplify caviar DNA from five sturgeon species. A marker of potential economic importance was discovered that is able to distin-guish three species from caviar and also to distinguish Ship sturgeon caviar from osetra caviar (from Russian and Persian sturgeon) and also other species. This marker could as-sist international conservation and legal efforts to save what is left of the commercial Ship sturgeon populations which are endangered and whose caviar is at present substituted for the more expensive osetra caviar.
Volume 4, Issue 4 (No.4 (Tome 16), (Articles in Persian) 2013)
Abstract
Additional compounds are sort of issues that are studied in both Russian and Persian languages in terms of nominal groups. Some linguists and grammarians of Persian language relate additional compounds (though without prepositions) to noun complements. Additional compounds represent various concepts and features such as ownership, identity, gender expression and allocation. These compounds in Persian language are stated by adding a noun to another noun, which the equivalent expressions in Russian language are consistent (определение согласованное) and inconsistent (несогласованное определение) noun affiliates. The aim of this study is to evaluate additional compounds in Persian and Russian languages in terms of syntax, and to find the possible similarities and harmony, between them. Finally, the ways to express the same meanings in the different structures of these compounds are discussed.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2013)
Abstract
Abstract: In this article social documentaries of post Islamic revolution of Iran about of children and teenagers social pathologies analyzed with sociological view. The purpose of this article is to understand: social documentaries that produced by directors and Issues raised in the documentaries indicate to society pathologies and are equal films problems with society problems. To investigate the relationship between social changes and cinema we need to conceptual framework in cinema sociology means indicates to relationship between produced films and Characteristics of community. Theoretical framework is Reflection Approach in Sociology of the Art.The method in this article is Outward-oriented criticism. Article results show that there was interaction between condition of society and different objects in social documentaries of post Islamic revolution of Iran. In fact base on Reflection theory with study of social documentaries of post Islamic revolution can be realized the largest social pathologies in each period and social documentaries offer a view of community. .
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of self-care consultation on the nutrition and physical activity of women who are planning for pregnancy in Karaj, 2016.
Methods: In the present study, 40 women who were planning for pregnancy constituted the research sample who were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire and self-care check list based on “CDC preconception health indicators, 2009”. Consultation was done based on 5A (asses, advise, agree, assist and follow-up) model. Self-care score scope was measured before, one month and three months after consulting in the area of nutrition and physical activity (with 19 questions). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Also a clinical trial registry (IRCT2016042827557N2) was performed. Sampling was performed from April to December 2016. One and three months after counselling sessions, the follow-up was done. SPSS v22 and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data at the significance level of 0.05
Findings: The results showed that the self-care level of women planning for pregnancy in the area of nutrition has changed significantly one month (p=0/001) and three months (p=0/0001) after consultation. Also their physical activity increased significantly one month (p=0/001) and three months (p=0/0001) months after consultation.
Conclusion: Counselling based on self-care plays an important role in improving the nutrition and physical activity of women planning for pregnancy. Based on individual capabilities, focusing on self-care can promote their performance in the area of nutrition and physical activity before pregnancy.
Volume 6, Issue 4 (2-2017)
Abstract
This paper is aimed at proposing an appropriate e-business model for Iran banking industry using mixed research (qualitative -quantitative) methodology. For this purpose, after examining e-business models for financial services 10 experts and managers in the banking industry of the country at various levels during were interviewed in qualitative phase. Gathered data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis and a questionnaire was prepared and used as the basis of quantitative phase of study. The quantitative data was collected and then analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on results final model of the research was determined. The results of the research show that the proposed e-business model for banking industry is comprised of four main dimensions including: provided value, customers, suppliers and financial management. Generally speaking, the main components were classified as 10 main categories, i.e. product/service, target customers, distribution channels, customer loyalty, insurance, resources and competencies, cooperation network or partners, cost structure, revenue structure and electronic intermediaries. At the end, as per the obtained issues and scope, some policies and research proposals are presented.
Volume 6, Issue 22 (10-2018)
Abstract
Human needs Formalizes each new type of language. In eighty decade expanded Argot in human every speaking that targeted religions, polity & gender taboos and mixed with modern problems. Resulting of cause of cultural studded may be analysis by Cultural Studies .For lexicography field impractical linguistics noticed only inner entry of same lexicon and fields of historic, sociology, politic arn’t notable but cultural studies with interdisciplinary way and equal vision to formal language & common opens the atmosphere to show the informal language in formal institutional. This essay attempts with content analysis survey literal & topic eighty decade in five sours of books & lexicons that have sow Argot. For finds cause of Argot are expanding free time entering IT & technology be hidden in virtual spade & expand of Soap Opera in Eight Decade. Without misconstruing survey enters of Argot words without taboo to national language can boost formal language.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
One of the methods to create loyalty among customers is presenting a value through customer clubs which is beyond the intrinsic value of the product or service. In order to achieve this aim, a new perspective of customer club’s basics that is based on findings business model is needed. As a result, the purpose of this study is to explore customer club Hafez Insurance business model as the first private insurance in free zones of Iran, with an emphasis on"innovation"and" customers block ".In this research, we try to find out the answer of questions such as customers segmentation in the insurance industry, Identifying distribution channels, the type of services and products that offered in the club correspond to the target of customers and the type of value which is created for customers to increase loyalty. From the data collection method standpoint, current study is a qualitative research and was conducted through in-depth interviews and semi-structured focus group. This focus group meeting is consist of 12 experts of Hafez Insurance Company that have been selected based on purposefully sampling method. Finally, by analyzing the findings from focus group research and using the Atlas.ti software, basics of "innovation" and " customers blocks are explained. The content of qualitative data suggests that components of customers block include three themes of customers segmentation, distribution channels and communication with customers, 11 sub-components and 40 items. Components of innovation include the proposed theme for value, eight sub-components and 29 items.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Iranian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) include 73 species across eight genera. The fauna of mosquitoes in Guilan Province comprises 34 species classified into seven genera. A faunistic study of mosquitoes was conducted with emphasis on an aggressive biter mosquito reported by local people in Anzali and Rasht Cities of Guilan Province, northern Iran. Collections were made by hand catches using manual aspirators, light traps, BG lure traps and ovitraps during August–November 2023 in all 17 counties of the province. Species identification was carried out using morphological keys and molecular analysis of the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. In total, 29 larvae and 896 adult specimens were collected which were not recognized as a species previously known to occur in the province. The aggressive biter mosquito was morphologically identified as Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895). The sequences of the barcode region of the COI gene of the species were generated for the first time in the country. This species was collected in 14 counties of the province. Thus, the mosquito fauna of Guilan Province increased to 35 species.
Volume 12, Issue 3 (August & September 2021 (Articles in English & French) 2021)
Abstract
Instructional materials as a basic component of curriculums and a central constituent of standards-based programs play a provisional role in both setting the aims and leading the way. English textbooks in Iran’s public education are officially developed and used nationwide. One recently introduced English textbook series is Prospects (I-III) . It is intended for the the Iranian junior high schools and is normally supposed to guide teachers and provide students with the basic exposure to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. The textbooks, together with the lessons, have to be aligned in targeting educational objectives given the sequential nature of the intended grades and the serial contents of instruction. This study evaluated the vertical and horizontal alignment among the series’ textbooks and lessons drawing on Bloom’s revised taxonomy of educational objectives (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001). The evaluation initially involved descriptive content analysis of the activities within and across the textbooks using a checklist developed based on the taxonomy. Then, the content matrixes were subjected to Porter et al.’s (2007) alignment index for the statistical assessment of lessons and textbooks’ alignment. The findings generally suggested that the lessons were tuned adequately, albeit accommodating mainly lower-order knowledge types and cognitive skills at the cost of discarding the higher-order ones. In addition, the statistically positive and significant PAIs of 0.93, 0.78, and 0.74 between Prospect I & II, Prospect I & III, and Prospect II & III, respectively pointed to a harmony in the series’ content. The paper discusses the findings and implications in the Iranian EFL context
Volume 12, Issue 60 (12-2024)
Abstract
Folk literature, including oral stories and folk poetry, are open narratives that each narrator uses according to his or her own intent. This genre, however, for reasons such as its humiliating title, the simplicity of the images, the use of the language of the masses, and elitism Persian literature, has not received much attention. In the constitutional period, however, with the change of the paradigm, of course, it was considered for political purposes and appeared as a rival discourse against the thousand-year-old discourse of classical literature. Folk literature was a constantly neglected "other" voice that found an unexpected opportunity to be heard in the new discourse. One of the poets who used this capacity to advance his political and ideological goals is Ahmad Shamloo. After Nima and perhaps more than him, Shamloo is the most prominent poet who has brought the realm of poetry into the public area in various ways; without neglecting the noble aspect of poetry. This approach is of course the result of his theory of literature, which considers it a social duty and commitment to justice and awakening the masses of people and raising children against oppression and injustice; therefore, by using the special codes of the mass people and children's legends, whether in the form of folklore poetry based on folk tales and legends or slang words and even compiling an Ketab e Koocheh, he has attempted to consolidate this ideology. This study, with the approach of cultural studies, reflects on the two contradictory sides of his metaphorical use of language and folk poetry: 1. Deconstructing the elitist approach to literature through defamiliarization with folk poetry, 2. Shamloo's use of children's language and discourse in folk poetry, which implies the sameness of the mass and the child and the need to be guided and led by a saviour.
Research Background
Research related to this study falls into two separate categories: 1. politics in Shamloo’s poetry, that sometimes contradictory views have been raised, only two cases are mentioned: Kamalizadeh (2016) in the book Politics in Modern Poetry, has addressed the two poems examined in this article solely in terms of the poet’s position and his political message, and Qaragozlou (2017) in the book of Tarikh e Talkh, which, of course, seems to have another definition of political poetry; he considers Shamloo’s Qat’nameh as a social thought that is different from political poetry.
A few researchers have also exclusively studied his folklore poetry; such as Salajeqeh (2010) in which she has examined the components of “travel and search” in two other folklore poems by Shamloo; in this study, “Baroon” and “The Story of a Man Who Had No Lips” are examined.
Kafashi (2011) has examined two poems by Shamloo. As its title shows, the study has no research problem. Furthermore, the research method is not scientific. Bahrampour (2010) has also examined Shamloo's four poems, in the category of folkloric poems that are reinterpretations of popular literature, a reinterpretation that in fact creates a neo-fiction and focuses on the role of “human being”.
Other works that have paid attention to the political themes of Shamloo's poetry have not addressed how it is integrated with folk poetry, and in particular the role of ideology as a central signifier or determining element, which is the subject of this study.
Goals, questions, and assumptions
The aim of this investigation is to explain the role and function of ideology in the aesthetics of Shamloo's folkloric-children's poetry, which, by referring to the theory of cultural studies and semiotics, addresses the semantic capacity and implications of this type of poetry. It answers these questions:
1. Why did Shamloo write folkloric-children's poetry alongside his formal poetry?
2. What is the function of this type of poetry and what are the semantic implications of its form?
The article's assumption was that this type of poetry was written to promote leftist ideology, but cultural studies theory emphasizes the prominence of the role of mass culture and the deconstruction of elite culture in literature.
Conclusion
Shamloo believed that in order to understand the literature of a land, one must be familiar with the language and culture of the masses of the people, and he considered this to be the beginning of such understanding. Moreover, his populist approach, which was the result of his lived experience and meetings and gatherings with the masses of people from different ethnicities and minorities, was not without influence in his connection with the Tudeh Party, but after breaking away from the party, he also took advantage of this vast opportunity to spread socialist ideas. Although Shamloo used vernacular in all of his poems, both this general use and his folk poetry simultaneously have a political function from the perspective of language, aesthetics, and content: 1. Contrasting the uncultured language of the people against the noble and refined language of classical poetry, 2. Contrasting the non-literary language of the people against the polished language of the Romantic poetry of the 1950s and the language of the New Wave (Mowj e No) poets of the 1960s, 3. The use of children's language, form, and music in political folk poetry with ideological and idealistic goals that implicitly imply the ignorance of both and require the awakening of the poet as a savior, 4. Breaking the monopoly of poetry's audience from the elite to the masses and summoning new audiences for poetry, namely children, in order to create a generation to fight oppression.
Research Background
Research related to this study falls into two separate categories: 1. politics in Shamloo’s poetry, that sometimes contradictory views have been raised, only two cases are mentioned: Kamalizadeh (2016) in the book Politics in Modern Poetry, has addressed the two poems examined in this article solely in terms of the poet’s position and his political message, and Qaragozlou (2017) in the book of Tarikh e Talkh, which, of course, seems to have another definition of political poetry; he considers Shamloo’s Qat’nameh as a social thought that is different from political poetry.
A few researchers have also exclusively studied his folklore poetry; such as Salajeqeh (2010) in which she has examined the components of “travel and search” in two other folklore poems by Shamloo; in this study, “Baroon” and “The Story of a Man Who Had No Lips” are examined.
Kafashi (2011) has examined two poems by Shamloo. As its title shows, the study has no research problem. Furthermore, the research method is not scientific. Bahrampour (2010) has also examined Shamloo's four poems, in the category of folkloric poems that are reinterpretations of popular literature, a reinterpretation that in fact creates a neo-fiction and focuses on the role of “human being”.
Other works that have paid attention to the political themes of Shamloo's poetry have not addressed how it is integrated with folk poetry, and in particular the role of ideology as a central signifier or determining element, which is the subject of this study.
Goals, questions, and assumptions
The aim of this investigation is to explain the role and function of ideology in the aesthetics of Shamloo's folkloric-children's poetry, which, by referring to the theory of cultural studies and semiotics, addresses the semantic capacity and implications of this type of poetry. It answers these questions:
1. Why did Shamloo write folkloric-children's poetry alongside his formal poetry?
2. What is the function of this type of poetry and what are the semantic implications of its form?
The article's assumption was that this type of poetry was written to promote leftist ideology, but cultural studies theory emphasizes the prominence of the role of mass culture and the deconstruction of elite culture in literature.
Conclusion
Shamloo believed that in order to understand the literature of a land, one must be familiar with the language and culture of the masses of the people, and he considered this to be the beginning of such understanding. Moreover, his populist approach, which was the result of his lived experience and meetings and gatherings with the masses of people from different ethnicities and minorities, was not without influence in his connection with the Tudeh Party, but after breaking away from the party, he also took advantage of this vast opportunity to spread socialist ideas. Although Shamloo used vernacular in all of his poems, both this general use and his folk poetry simultaneously have a political function from the perspective of language, aesthetics, and content: 1. Contrasting the uncultured language of the people against the noble and refined language of classical poetry, 2. Contrasting the non-literary language of the people against the polished language of the Romantic poetry of the 1950s and the language of the New Wave (Mowj e No) poets of the 1960s, 3. The use of children's language, form, and music in political folk poetry with ideological and idealistic goals that implicitly imply the ignorance of both and require the awakening of the poet as a savior, 4. Breaking the monopoly of poetry's audience from the elite to the masses and summoning new audiences for poetry, namely children, in order to create a generation to fight oppression.
Volume 13, Issue 4 (September & October 2022)
Abstract
In this paper, with the approach of discourse analysis from two structural and thematic perspectives, we try to classify the structures of jokes in Persian and Russian language based on the views of Robert Liu by dividing it into two categories: linguistic and non-linguistic, and on Karasik’s theory based on the classification of semantic and semiotics analysis by inductive method. The purpose of this study is to identify the language tools for jokes production based on linguistic and semantic structures in both Russian and Persian, due to the differences in the lexical structure of Russian as a Fusional language and Persian as a Agglutinative language. The present aims to test the hypothesis of the existence of language diversity of Russian joke production tools and the effect of cultural and value components in the production of non-linguistic jokes. At the end of this study, grammatical jokes were identified with a variety of instrumental languages and in the non-linguistic category of gender, ethnic and political examples. The frequency of linguistic examples in two languages is significantly lower than the non-linguistic category, and gender and political examples have a clear maximum against other semantic subsets of jokes.
The genre of humor in various forms such as fables and short stories has criticized and challenged the categories of life in its various political, economic, cultural, social and religious domains. This research has been done with the content and thematic analysis approach of satires based on the approach of discourse analysis from two structural and thematic perspectives, the body of jokes in Persian and Russian languages based on the views of Robert Liu1 is divided into two categories: linguistic and non-linguistic and Karasik theory. The purpose of this study is to identify the language of jokes production tools due to the differences in the lexical structure of Russian as an Fusional language and Persian as the combination of Fusional, Agglutinative and at syntactic level both are known as Analytical language. The research hypothesis is based on the existence of language diversity of Russian joke production tools with the maximum ratio against Persian language for the reasons mentioned earlier in the linguistic classification and the effect of cultural and value components in the production of non-linguistic jokes.
There are many different functions of humor, among which they can be attributed to entertainment, education, promotion of moral values, criticism and demanding reform in various issues The question arises, according to the structure of each language, which tool is common and which is specific? What is the maximum and minimum of each of them in these two languages? what are the similarities and differences between the function of humor in Iran and Russia? What is the frequency of humor considered by each of the two societies and in which category of humor.
By analyzing samples of the field, it seems that humor is a tool to control power and endurance in a soft way and at a higher level to show the consciousness, creativity and culture of human societies. Scientific study of this issue can help in cultural, political and accurate translation of various texts, especially social texts. In this research, a confrontational-qualitative research method based on body analysis of more than 260 samples of jokes in Russian and 200 Persian jokes collected from cyberspace has been used. The selection of jokes, especially linguistic jokes in both languages, was very limited, and the Russian language selection reference site: http://new.gramota.ru/biblio/gostinaya/lingvisticheskie-anekdoty, and other sites for other keywords in this query was used. In Persian, from the sites: https://www.barkhat.news, https://namnak.com, https://www.pinterest.com, https://www.beytoote.com, it was possible to use both. Because in both Russian and Persian sections, the mentioned sites are organizationally controlled sites and they avoid including out-of-the-ordinary content.
The novelty of this study lies in the fact that by analyzing the linguistic structures, the semantic range of words in the morphology and syntax sections is determined and it helps translators and language learners in understanding abstract semantics.
Linguistic satires mock the rules of language and do not notice a particular person or social event, so they are far removed from social functions and provide more entertainment, and have had a similar pattern in Russian and Persian from the past to the present in:
***معلم: ناقل یعنی چی؟
آقا اجازه : ناقل یعنی کسی که، به سادگی قل نمیخورد و کلا با غلت زدن رابطه خوبی ندارد.
Teacher: What does carrier mean?
Student: A carrier is someone who does not giggle easily and does not have a good relationship with rolling at all.
*** Если бы русские любили работать, они не назвали бы включатель, выключателем.
(If the Russians liked to work, they would not call a switch, a switch)
Russian humor refers to the prefix [Вы-], which means outside, and such meanings in combination with verbs of movement and the other verbs, in contrast to the prefix [В-], which means beginning, entering.
Social stereotypes are generally a standardized image of phenomena with various emotional aspects. These stereotypes are very resistant to change and the transition to new beliefs and a democratic society.
***خانم از شوهرش می
پرسه: موقع ازدواج چه کسی منو به تو معرفی کرد؟
- شوهر: چه میدونم دشمن زیاده.
*** The lady asks her husband: Who introduced me to you when for marrage?
Husband: I don’t know a there is lot of enemies.
***Гаишник останавливает машину, за рулём блондинка.
— Почему вы не включили свет в туннеле?
— Я из Ростова, откуда я знаю, где у вас тут в туннеле свет включается?!
*** The traffic cop stops the car, the blonde is driving.
- Why didn't you turn on the light in the tunnel?
- I'm from Rostov, how do I know where the light turns on in your tunnel ?!
This literary genre has undergone changes today. The purpose of recent productions is not to improve the situation compared to the past, but behind it is destruction, humiliation, devaluation, which is very bitter and biting. By examining the collected samples, the most frequently extracted axes can be selected in the following way:
1- Devaluation of the family institution and breaking educational taboos for young people.
2- Referring to gender inferiority;
3- The emergence of ethnic stereotypes;
4- Emergence of political stereotypes.
At the end of the study of humorous figures, the language of grammatical tools (linguistic) and in the non-linguistic category, the categories of sexuality, ethnicity and politics were identified in two languages. The frequency of linguistic examples is significantly lower in both languages than the non-linguistic category, and gendered and political examples have a clear maximum compared to other semantic subsets of jokes. According to the hypothesis of this research, it is appropriate for social decision makers to be aware of some of the negative effects of such satires that are unstoppable.
Volume 14, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
In this study, an analytical solution is presented to calculate interlaminar stresses in long symmetric cross-ply composite laminates subjected to uniform axial strain and thermal loading. At first, the most general form of layerwise-based displacement field is extracted by a successive integration of elastic strain–displacement relations and imposing the physical restrictions based on deformation patterns of these laminates. The equilibrium equations are then derived by using the principle of minimum total potential energy and solved analytically in order to obtain three-dimensional stress field in the laminated plate. Finally, various numerical examples are investigated in order to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the layerwise theory in predicting the interlaminar stresses. For the assessment of the accuracy of the proposed method, the interlaminar stresses are also calculated within the framework of a 3D finite element analysis using the Abaqus software. The corresponding numerical results are in good agreement with those obtained through the layerwise theory. All results indicate that the presented approaches have a good prediction capability of interlaminar stresses in interior regions of the laminate and theirs high stress concentration near its free edges that can cause delamination failure.
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2012)
Abstract
Mechanical damage due to harvesting, handling, and other processes is an important factor that affects the seeds quality. Seed damage results in lower grain value and more storability problem and reduces seed germination and seedling vigor and subsequent yield of crops. Tests were conducted to determine the percentage of physical damage (PPD) and percentage of loss in germination (PLG) of wheat seeds due to impact. The effect of wheat seed cultivar and impact velocity was determined. Wheat seed cultivars selected for testing included: Kohdasht, Maron, Simereh, Sardari and Zagros. Four impact velocities: 10, 20, 30 and 40 m s-1 were used. Results showed that effects of impact velocity and seed cultivar on seed damages were significant. PPD to seeds was higher than PLG in higher impact velocities. It found that the total damage of seeds increased from 4.17% (0.48 PPD and 3.68 PLG) to 73.32 % (47.59 PPD and 25.73 PLG) as impact velocity increased from 10 to 40 m s-1 for all wheat cultivars studied. Impact results indicated that Sardari wheat cultivar was more susceptible to PPD (27.39 %), while Maron seeds were more susceptible to PLG (14.70%). Among the cultivars studied, Sardari wheat seeds showed the highest level of total damage i.e.sum of PPD and PLG.
Volume 15, Issue 1 (March & April (Articles in English & French) 2024)
Abstract
This research synthesized the methodological issues of studies published in English for Specific Purposes from its debut in 1980 up to 2020, from both an overall perspective and also periodically in four decades. To this aim, we examined 617 empirical articles with regard to two themes: (a) research methodology, and (b) data sources. More specifically, we probed into the methodological designs, how they were integrated and the points of departure in qualitative research. Our results brought to the fore that the majority of ESP articles were framed as combined methods studies, most frequently concurrent designs, dominated by qualitative data and data collection. As well, about half of qualitative studies did not specify their approach and the majority of quantitative works utilized descriptive statistics and combinations of different tests. Pertaining to data sources, text samples as well as an amalgamation of different data collection techniques were the most prominent ones. Based on these results and discussion, we provided empirically–grounded recommendations and suggestions for promoting methodological transparency and rigor for the prospective studies for the field of ESP and applied linguistics in general.
Volume 16, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
The unprecedented growth of internet contents, specially social media, makes a challenge to the load of cellular networks. Latency is one of the most important metrics at end-users. To this end, we propose a resource allocation (RA) algorithm to design both caching and delivery policies with the aim of minimizing total latency of mobile users (MUs), where in the caching phase, the content placement is investigated and in the delivery phase, we allocate radio resources (i.e., transmit powers and subcarriers) in a multi-cell orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based network communicating with a data center via backhaul links.
In order to achieve an efficient caching policy, we propose an optimization problem to minimize the latency of MUs subject to maximum delivery deadline, maximum allowable transmit power of each base station (BS) and data center, and exclusive subcarrier assignment constraints. Hence, we devise an iterative algorithm to solve the main optimization problem and prove that the proposed approach converges to a near-optimal solution, when the number of iterations increases. Moreover, simulation results illustrate that devising the transmission-aware caching policy can significantly improve the performance, compared to the conventional proactive caching policies which are only based on the popularity of contents and the storage capacity of BSs.
Volume 16, Issue 62 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
If we consider language not as a mirror reflecting struggles, but as the subject and tool of struggles, then we should use the signifier of discourse, which makes the concepts of power and language understandable in a continuous and inseparable conceptual entanglement. This article aims to analyze the text of Tarikh-e Beyhaqi as one of the most influential classical texts of Persian literature with a discursive method. In other words, by placing this text in its discursive context and its dialectical relationship with power, and understanding this text as the field of conflict between powers and conflicting discourses of society, a new understanding of it can be achieved. In order to achieve this goal, Fairclough's critical discourse analysis method is used to perform micro-textual analysis, and Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory is used to perform macro-discourse analysis of Bayhaghi era. The text of Tarikh-e Beyhaqi, as shown, does not reflect the true struggle, but itself, is part of the struggle process. This text is influenced by the chain of ruling discourses and is used against peripheral discourses. Tarikh-e Beyhaqi, under the influence of the discourse that pulls the bipolar mind of the text to a directional representation of the flow of affairs, highlights the ruling discourses and marginalizes the peripheral discourses.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Discourse is a special way of understanding the world, a special understanding and a special way of speaking that pushes other possible ways of understanding the world to the sidelines by highlighting itself. In fact, language - which is the common thread of all different discourses - is structured in the framework of formats that are governed by ideological disciplines. These structured formats - which are discourses - are fighting in an irreconcilable way to reach the hegemonic position in the whole society. If we consider language not as a mirror reflecting struggles, but as the subject and tool of struggles, then we should use the signifier of discourse, which makes the concepts of power and language understandable in a continuous and inseparable conceptual entanglement.
Methodology
This article aims to analyze the text of Tarikh-e Beyhaqi as one of the most influential classical texts of Persian literature with a discursive method. In other words, by placing this text in its discursive context and its dialectical relationship with power, and understanding this text as the field of conflict between powers and conflicting discourses of society, a new understanding of it can be achieved. In order to achieve this goal, Fairclough's critical discourse analysis method is used to perform micro-textual analysis, and Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory is used to perform macro-discourse analysis of Bayhaghi era. Due to the expanse of the text of the book, and the limitation of the article, only one theoretical topic (sermon) and two historical-fictional topics (the story of Afshin and Budolaf - and the nobles of Ray's response to Sultan Masoud) have been selected for analysis.
Discussion and conclusion
The sermon presents three parables comparing: the kingdom of Alexander and Ardashir Sassanid, the rise of the Ghaznavids, not having the privilege of the Iranian race, and comparing the hierarchy of the government structure with the human body, and in all three by justifying and giving priority to the Ghaznavid rulers, it marginalizes the competing discourse. In two historical-fictional stories, the story of Afshin and Budolaf, which has a very strong narrative aspect and is therefore very influential, has been chosen to explain the bipolar mentality and highlight Us and make Them alien. "Them" in this story is a racial alienation, which is indeed Afshin, the general of army of the Caliphate, but of Iranian race. In the story of the nobles of Ray's response to Sultan Masoud and their devotion to him, the fear and ingratitude of the people make the Ghaznavid rulers and Sunnid discourse stand out and marginalize Al-e Bouyeh rulers and Shia discourse.
The text of Tarikh-e Beyhaqi, as shown, does not reflect the true struggle, but itself, is part of the struggle process. This text is influenced by the chain of ruling discourses and is used against peripheral discourses. Tarikh-e Beyhaqi, under the influence of the discourse that pulls the bipolar mind of the text to a directional representation of the flow of affairs, highlights the ruling discourses and marginalizes the peripheral discourses.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Discourse is a special way of understanding the world, a special understanding and a special way of speaking that pushes other possible ways of understanding the world to the sidelines by highlighting itself. In fact, language - which is the common thread of all different discourses - is structured in the framework of formats that are governed by ideological disciplines. These structured formats - which are discourses - are fighting in an irreconcilable way to reach the hegemonic position in the whole society. If we consider language not as a mirror reflecting struggles, but as the subject and tool of struggles, then we should use the signifier of discourse, which makes the concepts of power and language understandable in a continuous and inseparable conceptual entanglement.
Methodology
This article aims to analyze the text of Tarikh-e Beyhaqi as one of the most influential classical texts of Persian literature with a discursive method. In other words, by placing this text in its discursive context and its dialectical relationship with power, and understanding this text as the field of conflict between powers and conflicting discourses of society, a new understanding of it can be achieved. In order to achieve this goal, Fairclough's critical discourse analysis method is used to perform micro-textual analysis, and Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory is used to perform macro-discourse analysis of Bayhaghi era. Due to the expanse of the text of the book, and the limitation of the article, only one theoretical topic (sermon) and two historical-fictional topics (the story of Afshin and Budolaf - and the nobles of Ray's response to Sultan Masoud) have been selected for analysis.
Discussion and conclusion
The sermon presents three parables comparing: the kingdom of Alexander and Ardashir Sassanid, the rise of the Ghaznavids, not having the privilege of the Iranian race, and comparing the hierarchy of the government structure with the human body, and in all three by justifying and giving priority to the Ghaznavid rulers, it marginalizes the competing discourse. In two historical-fictional stories, the story of Afshin and Budolaf, which has a very strong narrative aspect and is therefore very influential, has been chosen to explain the bipolar mentality and highlight Us and make Them alien. "Them" in this story is a racial alienation, which is indeed Afshin, the general of army of the Caliphate, but of Iranian race. In the story of the nobles of Ray's response to Sultan Masoud and their devotion to him, the fear and ingratitude of the people make the Ghaznavid rulers and Sunnid discourse stand out and marginalize Al-e Bouyeh rulers and Shia discourse.
The text of Tarikh-e Beyhaqi, as shown, does not reflect the true struggle, but itself, is part of the struggle process. This text is influenced by the chain of ruling discourses and is used against peripheral discourses. Tarikh-e Beyhaqi, under the influence of the discourse that pulls the bipolar mind of the text to a directional representation of the flow of affairs, highlights the ruling discourses and marginalizes the peripheral discourses.
Volume 19, Issue 128 (October 2022)
Abstract
Unfortunately, the food processing waste has recently increased, prompting researchers to develop new economical products based on food waste to reduce the environmental problems caused by waste accumulation. Among these, carrot pomace as a nutrient-rich waste with appropriate functional properties can be mentioned. In this study, fresh carrot pomace was dried using a hot-air oven (60℃ and 80℃) and a freeze dryer. Then the dried-pomace quality in terms of functional properties (bulk density, particle size, water and oil holding capacity, antioxidant activity, carotenoid content, color, and microstructure) and chemical compounds were examined. The results showed that the drying method and temperature had a significant effect on pomace’s chemical compounds. A significant decrease in moisture and lipid content was perceived due to the oven temperature increment (from 60℃ to 80℃), while no significant changes were observed in crude fiber content. Freeze-dried samples also had the least moisture content in comparison to the oven-dried samples. Also, the functional properties of the dried samples showed that the drying method and temperature had no significant effect on the carotenoid content and particle size of the samples. The oven temperature increment significantly reduced the bulk density and water holding capacity (from 15.97 to 14.57 g/g). The freeze-dried sample also showed the lowest bulk density, the highest water and oil holding capacity, and antioxidant activity compared to the oven-dried counterpart. It also had better color and more porosity. Therefore, freeze-dried carrot pomace can be used to fortify food products.