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The pragmatics is one of the main branches of linguistics that considers discourse coherence as the result of interaction between language users and text context. Hence, its subject is the study of the ability to use language and to construct context-related sentences to show how speech makes sense in situations. The pragmatics of language studies the meaning that the speaker conveys and the listener or reader interprets. In the meanwhile, protest and argumentation is a process of linguistic communication that the speaker uses in order to change the attitude and point of view of the audience and in the direction of the desired goals, makes his thought pursue and in this process of techniques and methods Benefits variety. In the present article, the techniques of argumentation were criticized and analyzed in a number of Nahj al-Balaghah proverbs in order to obtain a more accurate reading and understanding of these proverbs. To conduct this research, 95 samples of proverbs in which protest techniques were more common were analyzed based on the book (Al-Amthal wa Al-Hakam Al-Mustakhrajah) written by Mohammad Al-Gharavi. The results showed that Imam Ali (AS) by maintaining the laws of language evolution, in order to persuade and persuade his audience, from a variety of linguistic-rhetorical strategies, methods of persuasion, quasi-logical structures, rhetorical approaches, preaching, simile, allegory, irony and metaphor. Has used and artistically presented his desired moral, social and political concepts in the form of words that express the linguistic and cognitive ability of Amir Bayan (AS).                                             

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. Translation is one of the ways that provides trade between two languages, especially if the works selected by the translator are among the noble and precious works of that language. Marzbannameh of Saad al-Din Varavini is one of these valuable works that has a high literary status in Persian language, which was translated into Arabic by the Iranian-origin writer, Shahab al-Din Ahmad bin Abu Muhammad known as Ibn Arabshah in the 9th century. Both books have received influences from the other language in their language format, which indicates a deep connection between Persian and Arabic languages. The present research has been organized in a descriptive-analytical way with the aim of evaluating and explaining the effectiveness and mutual utilization of Waravini and Ibn Arabshah in Arabic and Persian language. The result of the research showed that Varavini has made Marzban-nameh as a technical work that has a rich literary language, decorated with Arabic evidence in terms of words and combinations, poems, verses and hadiths, and on the other hand, Ibn-Arabshah also in the process The translation has benefited from Persian language evidence such as borrowing Persian words, combinations and literal translation of proverbs. The element of culture, as an inseparable pillar of a language, has permeated Persian and Arabic languages and has become a part of that language, and all these elements show the deep and unbreakable connection between Persian and Arabic languages

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The study of purports and themes-with many objection in west-is one of wide researches in the current comparisonal researches. Subjects are historical and cultural substances and important elements of the text, thus we can analyze it. Some of subjects and purports are ultranational and universal; study of these subject, can explain the history of thoughts and ideas of two or more nations at period of times and tell us where they come from. One of the universal subjects that is very important in Islamic culture and many of people argue about it, is that asceticism has different meanings, and literal and conceptual schools take different meanings from them. The meaning of asceticism has extered to literature too. Thus some of Poets are called ascetic. Sanaei Qaznavi and Abu Eshagh Elbiri are two representatives of asceticism Persian and Arabic literature. This research wants to present their point of views about asceticism and world to take the meaning of asceticism and its function, and to show that, although there are some similarities in these two rationalists, there are some differences between their thoughts.  

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The theory of "aesthetics of reception" proposed by Wolfgang Eiser is one of the branches of the theory of reception in linguistics and literature. This theory emphasizes the reader's understanding and reception and aims to achieve the goal that the text translator, as one of the readers, ought to fill the gap based on his perception. This research is descriptive-analytic and is based on the theory of Wolfgang Iazer, and has chosen translations of Shojaee, Ellahe Qumshahi and Moaidi from Arafah's prayer, as a literary text. It has done this after examining the various types of gaps in the original text of prayer, and the way they reflect on Persian translation. The results of the research showed that the virtual part of the language (metaphor, quibble, permissive and simile) is the most intrinsic part of the prayer and metaphor has the largest amount of linguistic split. Translators have used two methods to remove and highlight these empty spaces and among translators, Mr. Shojaei, using a free translation of this prayer, has used the method of highlighting to read empty spaces more than others.

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With the development of modern linguistics courses High accuracy was outstanding literary studies. Writers on the theories of linguistics as a structured and systematic analysis of literary texts began. Halliday and Hassan's theory the theories of modern linguistics courses that fall within the role orientation. He speaks of the theory of integration of teaching should be a coherent text. R. Hassan" complete theory of Halliday and Hassan is an integrative theory of harmony. Authorities as one of the oldest forms of narrative some mythological stories and folklore, like other modern novel does not have the required consistency and form of writing is not organized. Although this is true to some extent and causes the target language to the people who did not pay attention to the consistency and coherence of the text. But amid some of the cohesion so that we are equal to the work of contemporary coherent narrative. This is the “Mqamh Mzyryh" Badi'ozaman Hamadan. In this paper, in light of the theory and the theory of R. Halliday and Hassan Hassan coherence and coordination of cohesion in Maqameh Mazyryeh be examined. 

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The translation of "Ambiguity", especially in the Holy Quran, is one of the most challenging topic in linguistics. A variety of techniques have been proposed to eliminate it, including the Garces technique. This model using Newmark's views, examines "the amount of positive and negative attributes that indicate adequacy and acceptability of the T.T". The study with a counter-analytical approach, examined translations of Mojtabavi and Saffarzadeh from the part 30 of the Qur'an to improve the quality of translated text, especially in the challenges of linguistic ambiguity, based on a scientific theory and model. And based on statistics, the quantities of these techniques have been compared. And the adequacy and acceptability of each translation is outlined in the first six Surah. The result showed that according to Garcés model, Mojtaba's translation with ambiguous and virtual words has a higher adequacy and acceptance than Saffarzadeh. Saffarzadeh, with unambiguous text, has undergone creative and complex additions to transparency; Especially in virtual vocabulary. On the other hand, in cases that need to be "explained", such as Qur'anic allusions, Mojtabavi's translation is less adequacy and acceptable than Saffarzadeh. Generally, Mojtabavi techniques have a higher level of adequacy and acceptability in disambiguation.
 

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Given the significant number of allusions in cultural themes, recreating and matching them in target language is one of the challenges for translators. Translation theorists have proposed different ways to meet such challenges. Peter Newmark is one of the theorists who has proposed strategies for restoring cultural concepts by providing a five-fold division. The purpose of the present study is to identify the challenges that the translators of Nahj al-Balaghe face in finding the exact equivalent for cultural concepts. Researchers have attempted to explain the correct meaning of the metaphorical interpretation of "Haik Ibn Haik" in the nineteenth sermon, using a descriptive-analytical method and a critical approach. Therefore, while examining the meanings and the application of this interpretation in different narrations, five contemporary translations of Nahj al-Balaghah, by Fayz al-Islam, Shahidi, Faqihi, Dashti and Ansarian were selected, criticized and evaluated based on the Newmark model. The result of the research showed that in addition to the baselessness of some narrations in which the above-mentioned interpretation has been used, the cultural aspect of this ironic interpretation has been neglected by the translators. Also, they have not succeeded in transmitting the meaning and concept and the cultural connotation hidden in it by taking the above-mentioned interpretation, so they have provided many explanatory footnotes, and have misunderstood it. Concerning the historical books and glosses written on Nahj al-Balaghe and the familiarity with cultural context of this phrase “ablah nadan/ idiot” is a better choice.