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Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) is one of the promising microbial control agents for the management of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) Death rate, lethal time and survival expectancy were calculated for an infected population of O. surinamensis at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. Results showed that the mean death rate under above mentioned temperatures was 0.89, 1.15, 1.40, 1.21, and 1.11 larvae/day, respectively. The values were 0.99, 1.38, 1.47, 1.18 and 1.16 insects/day for adults respectively. LT₅₀s, at the same temperatures, were 7.11, 7.04, 4.82, 6.07 and 6.89 days for larvae and 7.03, 6.31, 4.83, 5.58, and 6.55 for adults, respectively. Survival curves for both larval and adult populations were more similar at 25, 30 and 35 °C compared to 15 and 20 °C. The survival rates in infected populations were low during 3^rd and 4^th days post inoculation and decreased with a sharp slope toward the end of the experiments under different temperatures. In every case, survival curves were of the 2^nd type in which the mortality decreases in a steady linear form.

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The inflorescence rot is an essentially high impact (or damaging) disease of date palm. The current research was carried out to help develop a decision-making system in Abadan, Khorramshahr, Shadegan, Ahwaz, Mahshar, and Behbehan regions of Khuzestan province Iran based on climatic and geostatistical models using five-year data from 2011 to 2015. Samples were taken randomly from 10 date palm trees within one orchard in each of 33 villages. The disease started in March, and the damage reached its peak values in April. The forecasting model of damage factors has been significant at levels 1 and 5%. The model nuggets for disease in Abadan-Khorramshahr, Shadegan, Ahwaz, Mahshar, and Behbehan regions were 2.1, 1.1, 0.09, 2.60, and 0.27 km, respectively. These results show that the disease damage estimation errors were low at distances less than within sampling space. The effective ranges of variograms were 4.9. 8.3, 9.1, 5.1, and 4.2, respectively, indicating the disease distribution in the region. The sill of models were 0.41, 0.46, 0.46, 0.29, and 0.58, respectively, indicating that correlations between the damage data were at the lowest level and could be monitored at distances more than these thresholds. Findings are fundamental steps in creating a decision-making system in the date palm protection network. Therefore, it could be concluded that the date inflorescence rot disease can be monitored, forecasted, and controlled correctly before the maximum damage occurs.

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 Jujube is a functional fruit with a great source of fibers, vitamins and nutritional elements and has a sweet, delicious flavor. Replacement effects of wheat flour with varying levels of jujube powder (0, 5, 15 and 25 % w/w) on the physicochemical, texture and sensory properties of the cakes based on completely randomized design, was investigated. The viscosity of cake batter increased from 744.5 cp (% 0 jujube powder) to 9872.5 cp (% 25 jujube powder) as the replacement level of wheat flour with jujube powder increased (p <0.05). The physicochemical (moisture content, volume, porosity, firmness, fiber and ash) and sensory properties of the cake prepared by replacing wheat flour with jujube powder were changed significantly (p <0.05). As the replacement level of wheat flour with jujube powder increased, the volume and porosity of the cake were decreased and the hardness, fiber, ash, browning index and the lightness of them were increased (p <0.05). Cakes made with the % 5 and then the higher level (up to % 15) as compared to control, received the highest sensory overall scores (p <0.05).  The cakes containing % 5 jujube powder, showed the least physicochemical changes similar to control samples and found to be more acceptable from sensory points as compared to other treatments (p <0.05).