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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lyophilized Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum–whey protein concentrate (with the ratio of 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) on physicochemical properties of corn oil–in–water emulsions. Interfacial tension and emulsion characteristics such as particle size distribution, zeta potential, flow behavior, viscosity and creaming were investigated. The results showed that with the increasing gum ratio in the mixture, the interfacial tension increased, but the difference was not statistically significant. In emulsions stabilized with gum–protein mixture, increasing gum content, increased the particles size, negative charge on droplets surface, consistency coefficient, yield stress and hysteresis between the forward and the backward diagrams. The particle size distribution curve was monomodal and emulsions stabilized with this mixture showed non–newtonian and psedoplastic behavior. No creaming was observed in all emulsions.  

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Ice cream is a complex food colloid including fat droplet and air cells that dispersed on the relatively frosted aqueous phase. Since ice cream is a multiphase material, the complex interactions among the phases can be happen that not yet well understood. Thus, there are many factors that influence on the texture and acceptability of ice cream.   In this research investigated  fat at the four level  ( 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 % ) and sugar  at the three level ( 0, 50, 100 %) and effect  two types of hydrocolloids (carboxyl methyl cellulose and balangu ) each at the four level ( 0.1, 0.3 , 0.5 , 0.7 % ) on the sensory properties fat reduced ice cream by response surface methodology. In this research, modeling Obtained responses from Sensory texture analysis are done by Quadratic and 2 Factor interaction equations. Grape juice is used as replace of sugar. Increase of gum concentration has significant effect on the viscosity and raising firmness and decreased sandiness and coldness. Grape juice due to raising isomeric diversity colloid system led to decrease sandiness of texture.  Although ice cream prepared using 10% fat has grater point in the sensory properties compared to ice cream that containing 7.5% fat. But this difference was not significant. Balangu seed gum (BSG) in comparison to carboxyl methyl cellulose  did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on the sensory  properties  of ice cream and could use as a appropriate stabilizer. Result of sensory properties test (except consumer acceptability) used for modeling consumer acceptability by principal component analysis and coefficient of determination (R²) 96% obtained.

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   Ice cream is a complex food colloid including fat droplet and air cells that dispersed on the relatively frosted aqueous phase. In this research work, the effect of the fat at the four level  ( 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 % ) , pekmez  at the three level ( 0, 9, 18 %) ,  two types of hydrocolloids (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose and balangu ) each at the four level ( 0.1, 0.3 ,0 .5 , 0.7 % ) on the viscous flow properties and total acceptance of  ice cream by response surface methodology (RSM) was investigated.  The flow behavior of all samples using Power law, Casson, Bingham and Herschel- Bulkley models was investigated. According to the R² (≥0.99) and RMSE (≤0.9314) values, it is obvious that the Power law model is highly appreciated for describe flow behavior of ice cream samples. Also the Result indicated that casson plastic model was highly significant for evaluate yield stress of ice cream samples. Samples containing Balangu gum has higher consistency coefficient and yield stress and lower flow behavior index than samples containing CMC. Its worth to mention that Herschel-Bulkley model gave negative values for yield stress which has no physical meaning. Balangu seed gum (BSG) in comparison to carboxyl methyl cellulose did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total acceptance. The Desirability function has been achieved as 0.93 which, itself, indicates the accuracy of optimization. The optimum formulation has been found as following: fat of 5.6%, BSG of 0.6% , Pekmez of 18%, respectively.