Showing 22 results for jahanbakhsh
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of baking temperatures (140, 160, 180, 200, and 220℃) on texture kinetics. It also explores a statistical classification meta-algorithm, called Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), to predict texture changes during conventional cake baking. The experimental results indicated that texture properties were significantly affected by baking temperature and time. As time and temperature increased, there was an increase in hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness and a decrease in springiness. However, the impact of time and temperature on resilience was inconsistent, as it was maximum in the last quarter of the process. The predicted results revealed that the AdaBoost algorithm accurately predicted the texture properties with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.989) and minimal root mean square error (RMSE < 0.0019) across all textural properties. Therefore, it can serve as an efficient tool for predicting the texture properties of cakes during baking. Furthermore, the proposed methodology can be extended to predict the texture properties of other baked goods.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate alternative instead of corn gluten meal in diets and the effects of this substitution on blood biochemical and hematological parameters of common carp juvenile. Juvenile's carp with an average 11.5 ± 0.5g, 9 ± 1cm weight and length respectively, were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. Diets with 31% crude protein and 3100 kcal kg-1 raw energy alternative levels of 150, 270 and 490 (gr kg-1) and a control diet without corn gluten was made. At the end of the experiment, blood biochemical parameters, including glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) in juveniles fed the experimental diets compared with the control group showed a significant difference (P0.05). Also with replacement value of corn gluten in experimental diets, it was concluded that growth and nutritional factors treatments compared with control group significantly decreased (P
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Summer 2020)
Abstract
Smart materials and shells affect on represent the space and identity of a society with their special activity and like any technology and element, it has its own effects and consequences and it can be said that based on the visual attractions and philosophy of the age of communication and visualization the culture of societies founded. The aim of this research is explaination of these effects on urban smart surfaces from psychological and intellectual and cultural anomalies aspects and helping designers to use it logically and in accordance with the culture and smart buildings of the community. The present research has a positive-content aspect and from another aspect, has a normative-content structure. Also, the research method includes descriptive and analytical research along with qualitative strategy, because it addresses contemporary social and cultural conditions. Data collection is based on library studies and documentation. The physical and material effects of smart shells that make urban facades based on perceptual visual cultures in perceptual aspects are criticized: truth and reality, time and space, experience and event, equality and justice, knowledge and information in a society and consider equal the meaning of firmness with persistence, generosity with lavishness, tolerance with indifference, adherence to affection and beauty with pretense and and in sensual aspects: Unity, distance and distance from the world, distorting other senses, undermining the message and meaning of the sender of the message, separation, isolation, apparent attachment, limiting taste, inhumanity of architecture and urbanization would be the results of increasing use of them.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (winter 2021)
Abstract
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to identify and rank the affective components of improving the quality of the urban landscape and sustainable design in the city of Pardis.
Methods: This research is based on descriptive and analytical research methods, citing internal and external library resources, and distribution of questionnaires, and also has a quantitative and qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study was urban landscape and urban design experts in the city of Pardis. Processing the collected data from descriptive statistics and ranking of components with the help of 5 Likert spectra in EXCEL software and using fuzzy TOPSIS has been done.
Findings: Due to the importance of improving the quality of the clean urban landscape, the ranking of components with the help of the 5 Likert scale showed that the criteria: functional-service, environmental, semantic-perceptual, physical-structural, cultural-social, aesthetic, economics Urban, and urban environment with a similarity index of 0.577, 0.567, 0.55, 0.509, 0.503, 0.489, 0.33 and 0.31, respectively, the most important to the least important criteria in the amount Improve the quality level of the landscape.
Conclusion: The results of the study according to the experts in the questionnaire showed that based on the similarity index of ranking the components of landscape quality improvement based on sustainable design in the city of Pardis is very important, so the distance to the ideal is significant and for Achieving the desired quality, the need for attention and coherent use of factors in the urban environment can be considered.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (Winter 2020)
Abstract
Regarding new researches on chemorheology of energetic composites,it is determined that HTPB slurry should have convenient viscosity for ease of casting. In the other word, available time for appropriate casting of energetic composite after curative addition called pot-life. Long pot-life of HTPB binder system is necessarily for good processability and non-defect production of energetic composite grains. In addition to long pot-life, the physical-mechanical properties of HTPB energetic composite are of at most important. In this research, effect of curative type (structure), casting temperature and the amount of DBTDL as a curing catalyst on chemorheological behavior of HTPB binder system and physical-mechanical properties of energetic composite were investigated. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) were selected in order to investigate the role of molecular structure of curing agent on Chemorheology of binder system and its slurry and also on physical-mechanical properties of energetic composite. Moreover, temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 ˚C, were selected to study the effect of casting temperature on chemorheology. By decreasing each 10˚C of casting temperature, pot-life of binder system (IPDI and TDI) was increased about 10 min. Pot-life of binder system and energetic composite slurry based on IPDI in the presence of 0.005% DBTDL (the optimum content) at similar temperatures, showed the longest pot-life. The elastomer and energetic composite based on IPDI showed the most crosslinking density (CLD) and modulus in comparison to other curing agents with retain of tensile strength and adequate elongation.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Winter 2023 2022)
Abstract
Due to its nature, water resources, in addition to giving life to a land and its creatures, can be the source of differences between countries and nations with common resources and cause great losses. In this regard, a new field of research called hydro politics has been created that surveys these issues. Considering the climate situation of the Middle East and the widespread limitation of water resources in this region, the purpose of this study is to investigate the hydro political situation of Iran's joint watersheds with neighbors with emphasis on the Tigris and Euphrates, especially the Arvandrud River. Using the descriptive-analytical method, first, the resources were reviewed systematically, and then the situation of water resources in the area was identified and studied using spatial analysis. Surveys were conducted on three large scales in the Tigris and Euphrates basins, the middle scale in the Karkheh and Karun basins, and the local scale in the Arvandrud River joint area. Studies have shown that the hydro political situation in the region will become tenser with the control of water by upstream countries and due to the very high population growth and water consumption in Iraq. Also, due to Iraq's limited access to open waters and its very small and unsuitable coastline for maritime transport, there is a potential for tension in the region in the future
Volume 9, Issue 4 (8-2020)
Abstract
Wheat is one of the strategic products and has rich nutritional value. Plant diseases are major limiting factors that reduce the yield and quality of wheat, and yellow rust
Puccinia striiformis f. sp.
tritici causes considerable damage to wheat production. The most reliable way to control this disease is the use of resistant varieties. Plants have different mechanisms to defend against pathogens, one of which being proteomics employed to examine defense mechanisms in both sensitive and resistant plants. In this research, in order to identify the expression pathways and proteins involved in the mechanisms, resistant (Gaspart) and sensitive (Morvarid) wheat varieties were inoculated with
P. striiformis, followed by the examination of peroxidase, catalase enzymes, intracellular o
smoprotectants. The results showed that the amount of protein, carbohydrates, proline concentration, and peroxidase and catalase activity significantly increased by rust in the resistant variety. Also, results of the electrophoresis of two-dimensional proteins with stripes of IPG = 17 cm and pH = 4-7 showed that expression changes of proteins could be divided into two groups in response to
P. striiformis. The first group included the proteins that directly reacted to pathogens such as peroxidase and PR10 proteins. The second group consists of the resistance proteins as transcription factors or proteins involved in signaling pathways or chaperons in determining proteins' partial structure such as molecular chaperone protein Hsp90.
Volume 12, Issue 1 (Spring & Summer 2008)
Abstract
Urmia lake is located in the north-west of Iran and is recognized in the world as a largest habitat for Artemia. The last decade drought episodes and recent dam construction programs have simultaneously caused more evaporation of the lake water and thus considerable variations of water surface levels. The main aim of the present study was to map of Urmia lake water surface changes on a seasonal, periodical and over long-term scales.
For this purpose, some different types of multi-scanner, spectral and temporal images (MSS, TM, ETM+, IRS-1C, MODIS and TOPEX/Jason data observing from 1976 to 2005) were processed to generate most of the thematic models in spatial and temporal contexts. First, to choose a number of referred images captured, some ground-based observation data and the obtained information from TOPEX/Jason satellites were analyzed. Then based on the available archived imageries, all the multi-date satellite data were chosen and progressively geo-referenced and then geo-rectified by ERDAS Imagine software package based on the reference ground control points. Subsequently, all the time series images were analyzed to derive some pre-defined segmented Classes such as water surface categories and shorelines changes.
The revealed models demonstrated several seasonal persuaded fluctuations and considerable periodical change on the Urmia Lake coastlines particulaarly during the last decade. These great variations have occurred as the result of 3.5 meters decrease in the height of water in the lake and about 23 percent decreasing of water surface during the past 30 years. This has successively
caused a diminishing of shorelines particularly on the southeast and east coasts of the Urmia Lake, changing landcover and landuse types by depletion of significant wetlands. Implementation of such significant changes illustrated that the majority of local biotic and biotic components all over the surrounding areas and inner islands, would be in crucial threat in the near future.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (2-2021)
Abstract
Abstract
In the process of the constitutional movement, some intellectual women demanded their individual, family and social rights, and in order to advance these "goals", they published women's newspapers with the focus on improving the status of women. With the coming to power of Reza Shah, the realization of the concepts of patriotism, antiquity and progress to build a new Iran was considered by the government. In this regard, the issue of women and their education as future mothers, upbringing and the type of mother-child relationship, the need for a progressive Iran with emphasis on the family was covered by the media. Iran Patriotic Women's Magazine is one of the publications that was published with the approach of the necessity of educating girls and their role in the implementation of new policies. The question of the present study is how did this newspaper relate the education of women to the concerns of intellectuals and the demands of the government such as patriotism, archeology and progress?
The research hypothesis is that this magazine, considering the first categories of education and then education, in order to promote the awareness of girls and avoid ignorance and superstition in the direction of the macro policies that were proposed on the eve of the Pahlavi government, by recommending various types of education for girls.
Volume 13, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Social status indicates the position of the individual in the social structure and in the historical texts of the Safavid era, important information about the social status of artists, including painters, is provided. Despite the general dependence of art on the court, painters in this era were not the same in terms of status and social status, but several components determined the ups and downs of their status. The purpose of this article is to explain the role and social status of Safavid painters in historical texts with emphasis on political historiography, art historiography, memoirs and travelogues. This article is of historical type and with reference to the topics of historical sociology and the method of library research and has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner. Findings indicate that in the historical texts of this era, the position, status and position of painters have been influenced by such things as: religious policies, art of Safavid kings, political competitions, the continuation of artistic families and social mobility by Safavid neighbors.
Volume 13, Issue 3 (July & August 2022 (Articles in English & French) 2022)
Abstract
The present study is a methodological synthesis aiming to evaluate the adherence of Iranian L2 papers to the study quality standards. Ten Iranian journals were selected based on the latest ranking of Iran’s Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology (MSRT), and all experimental papers (N = 367) published from their beginnings were explored for study quality with regards to sampling, design, statistical tests, reporting practices and data sharing, and visual presentation. In the evaluation of the papers, the protocols proposed by Gass and Plonsky (2011) and Pagout and Plonsky (2017) were moderated and some recent issues proposed by APA’s (2018) Journal Article Reporting Standards and some scholars (e.g., Hu & Plonsky, 2019; Khany & Tazik, 2019; Larson-Hall, 2017) were added. The results showed that while there were issues, like acceptable sample size, use of pre-testing, reporting descriptive and inferential statistics, and ensuring the reliability of instruments, that were acceptably adhered to quality standards, problematic areas existed in all five facets of quality, and the majority of them stayed constant or changed slightly over time. The shortcomings caused by such lack of adherence are discussed to identify the challenges in the way of improving the papers’ quality. Although the results are obtained from a specific context, the implications may be generalizable to other contexts where English is taught and researched as a foreign language.
Volume 14, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
The rise and fall of various human civilizations has been one of the events that has attracted the attention of many thinkers in the field of history, civilization and sociology. Islamic civilization, which in centuries of history, had a dazzling scientific brilliance; But in the course of his life he experienced a scientific decline, engaging the minds of thinkers and researchers with the question of how and why the cause of its decline. The question that arises is whether any theory or theories have been proposed in the study of the decline of Islamic civilization, apart from the causes and factors that have been argued? The purpose of this article is to present and categorize the theories of degeneration of Islamic civilization through various causes and factors that have been proposed in this regard. The research findings have shown that from the perspectives on why Islamic civilization is declining, theories can be constructed that either look at intra-civilizational factors or look at extra-civilizational factors.
Volume 15, Issue 84 (2-2019)
Abstract
In this study the herdel effects of heating time, basil seed mucilage and Sodium Nitrite during preservating time on qualitative characteristics of 40% sausage by RSM method were investigated in order to decrease using nitrite at sausage. At first section the effect of different herdels on qualitative characteristics of sausage including residual nitrite, color and the number of Clostridium Perfringens and texure were investigated. In the second part, the optimization and the validity of developed model were performed. The results indicated that by increasing nitrite, the residual nitrite amount increased and by increasing of preservation time the nitrite amount was decreased. Overall changes are influenced by nitrite amount, basil seed mucilage, and heating time. Chlorostidium number was influenced by nitrite square and preservation time, so that the lowest Clostridium Perfringens amount was acquired at the highest nitrite concentration. Also only effective parameter on the sausage texture was basil seed mucilage. By increasing of mucilage content hardness of sausage was decreased by optimization the amounts of 95.38 ppm nitrite, 0.76% basil seed mucilage, the heating time of 112.15 minute at the preservation time of (24 days) were selected- which this formula lead to decrease at about 30ppm of the added nitrite- based on Iran national standard. The theoretical and the experimental results were in great agreement so RSM could be used for modeling and optimization of such processes.
Volume 16, Issue 88 (6-2019)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity, activation energy, specific energy consumption, and also predict the moisture content of white mulberry during the drying process with microwave-hot air dryer using mathematical models, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Drying process was accomplished in three temperature levels (40, 55, and 70°C), three inlet air velocity levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m/s) and three microwave power levels (270, 450 and 630 W). To estimate the moisture ratio of white mulberry, 10 mathematical models, ANN and ANFIS were used to fit the experimental data of thin-layer drying. The results showed, the maximum and minimum effective moisture diffusivity during drying was calculated 3.56×10-9 and 3.86×10-10 m2/s, respectively. Also, the minimum and maximum effective moisture diffusivity during drying was achieved 48.54 and 1380.88 Mj/kg, respectively. Among the mathematical models under study, the Page model was the best model for describing the behavior of the thin layer of white mulberry drying. The mean square error (MSE) values for the mathematical models, ANN, and ANFIS were 0.00059, 0.0052 and 0.0044, respectively. Therefore, the ANFIS model with the highest Correlation Coefficient (R2=0.99995), the least percentage of mean relative error (ε=1.84) and mean square error (MSE=0.0044) were used to evaluate the moisture ratio in comparison with other methods implemented in this research Selected as the best model
Volume 17, Issue 3 (5-2017)
Abstract
In the present paper, the effect of fins presence on natural convection between coaxial annuli was investigated, numerically. The external duct was circular and the internal ducts included three circular, square, and triangular cross sections for discussed annuli. As a geometrical constrain, both cross section area and diameter of external duct of annuli were considered equivalent together for all investigated cases. The area of fins installed on the internal ducts was constant, and their effects on thermal behavior of annuli were compared with considering the constant wall temperature boundary condition for surfaces in the range of 105≤Ra≤108. The results showed that with increase of Rayleigh number and consequently velocity, the heat transfer coefficient was increased for both surfaces. However, presence of fins reduced the values of heat transfer coefficient of internal ducts about 50%, while they increased those values for external ducts. Also, in the case of circular annulus, with increase of Rayleigh number, the Nusselt number wincreased about 71% and 64% for non-finned and finned ones, respectively. As a result, fins increased the overall heat transfer rate of both surfaces of annuli about 13% in comparison of non-finned surfaces.
Volume 17, Issue 11 (1-2018)
Abstract
In this paper, natural convection heat transfer is numerically investigated in a square enclosure filled with power law non-Newtonian fluid model and central heat source for steady and quiet state. The top wall of the enclosure is thermally insulated and the vertical walls are at constant temperature of TC. The down wall of the enclosure also has four equal parts at constant temperature of TC and TH. The governing equations for the power-law fluid flow are solved with the numerical finite difference method based on the control volume formulation and SIMPLE algorithm. The results show that for small Rayleigh numbers the Nusselt number will not be affected by changes of the power law index but in Ra=106, thermal performance changes are more significant with the change in power law index. With a smaller the Rayleigh number in all indexs, the center of flow lines rotation, regarding to the axis parallel to axis Y, in the middle of the enclosure, will be more symmetrical. Also with stronger natural convection in the square enclosure, the average of Nusselt number for non-Newtonian fluid increase with increased power law index and improved thermal performance by increasing the Rayleigh number is impressive for the density power law fluid (n˃1). Results also show that the Rayleigh number for the start of natural convection in the square enclosure is reduced by increasing the power law index.
Volume 18, Issue 2 (4-2018)
Abstract
In this paper, the interior air of the room heated by the solar wall (Trombe) with respect to Heat conduction in the wall is numerically simulated. Momentum and energy equations have been Algebraic with finite volume method and at the same time are solved with SIMPLE algorithm. First, a reference model is introduced and the results are presented and then with this reference model, the effective parameters on the performance of the wall were investigated and ultimately the most optimal geometry for the solar wall with the best performance was voted.As well, rectangular fins has been put on the surface of the absorbent wall, in order to increase its efficiency. The results show that solar wall with rectangular fins in all air gaps has better performance than plain wall and for example, with rectangular fins in the air gap equal to 1 m, room temperature is approximately 1.24% more than the simple Trombe wall. Then, using Artificial Neural Networks and ANFIS the values increase of room temperature by increasing the number of fins has been projected on the wall. The neural network was trained in such a way that the average temperature of the room depends on the number of fins on the surface of the absorbent the solar wall. The results compare mean squared error and root-mean-square error showed that ANFIS With the mean squared error equal to 0.742599 has good performance and acceptable accuracy compared with Neural Network With the mean squared error equal 1.1 to predict temperature.
Volume 18, Issue 118 (December 2021)
Abstract
Enzymatic treatment of wheat flour is an interesting function to improve its functional properties. Because enzymes with different biochemical activities can have synergistic effects on dough behavior or product quality, the individual use and combination of enzymes used in bread production processes is important today. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergy of glucose oxidase and lipase enzymes in physicochemical properties of barberry flour and bread formulated with relative replacement of corn flour. Treatments in 7 groups (T0 control sample, T1 containing 5% corn flour 0.05% glucose oxidase 0.05% lipase, T2 containing 10% corn flour 0.07% glucose oxidase 0.07% lipase, T3 containing 15% flour Corn 0.09% glucose oxidase 0.09% lipase, T4 contains 20% corn flour 0.011% glucose oxidase 0.011% lipase, T5 contains 25% corn flour 0.13% glucose oxidase 0.13% lipase, T6 Containing 30% corn flour (0.15% glucose oxidase (0.15% lipase) were prepared).
The chemical results of the treatments showed an increase in moisture, ash and gluten index so that the highest amount of the mentioned factors was observed in T6 sample. Zellini number, phallus number, protein and gluten showed a significant decrease. Farinograph test results showed no significant water uptake, reduced spreading time and resistance with increasing corn flour replacement percentage in the treatments. The tensile strength of the treatments in the extensograph test showed an increase and a decrease in tensile strength and tensile strength of the treatments, respectively (p<0.05).
Histological results showed that the use of lipase enzyme and corn flour reduces the stiffness of the treatments. While the addition of corn flour caused the doughs to stick and the enzymes were ineffective. The elasticity of the doughs was also improved by the addition of glucose oxidase. The results of sensory evaluation introduced T4 treatment as the superior treatment.
Volume 19, Issue 132 ( February 2023)
Abstract
In the present study, the properties of polylactic acid marker film combined with red cabbage and beet anthocyanins were investigated. There were four samples: 1 (polylactic acid without anthocyanins), 2 (polylactic acid containing red cabbage anthocyanins), 3 (polylactic acid containing beet anthocyanin) and 4 (polylactic acid containing beet anthocyanin and red cabbage). Thickness, solubility, mechanical properties and changes in color indices were analyzed. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the thickness of the film samples (p> 0.05). The highest solubility belonged to the sample 1 and the minimum solubility was detected insample 4. The highest increase in elongation at break was seen in samples 3 and 4 and the lowest increase in elongation at break belonged to sample 1 (p≤0.05). In all the films except sample 1, by pH rise (up to pH = 14), L * factor increased significantly (p≤0.05). In all pH ranges, sample 1 had the highest L * and sample 3 had the lowest one (p≤0.05). a * indice in sample 3, at pH = 1-6, had an increasing trend and then decreased to pH = 14 (p≤0.05). In samples 2 and 4 at pH = 1-13, a decreasing trend was observed and then up to pH=14 an increasing trend was observed (p≤0.05). For b *in sample 2 there was a decline at pH = 1-12, then up to pH = 14, an increasing trend was detected (p≤0.05). The b * of sample 3 and 4 had a fall until pH=11 and 12 respectively following an increasing trend up to pH=14 (p≤0.05). The best sample was sample 4 due to suitable physical properties and clearer color changes at different pH.
Volume 22, Issue 158 (April 2025)
Abstract
:. In this study, the effect of pH, acidity, moisture content, reheating time, reheating drop as well as sensory evaluation at different thicknesses of chicken pieces (1.5, 2 and 2.5 cm) and different reheating temperatures (150 and 230 ° C) in chicken feed The kebab was examined. The results showed that with increasing the thickness of the chicken pieces and increasing the reheating temperature from 150 to 230 ° C, the reheating time increased but its value did not exceed the standard range (2 hours) and its maximum value was 2.5 cm thick and the temperature 150 ° C was observed for 18.58 minutes. Also, with increasing the thickness of chicken pieces and increasing the reheating temperature to 230 ° C, due to the decrease in surface moisture and dryness, the taste characteristics were more damaged and less acceptable in terms of taste, and when chicken pieces were 1.5 cm at 150 ° C reheating had the highest quality in sensory evaluation with a score of 8.38. With increasing the thickness of chicken pieces and increasing the reheating temperature, the pH increased and the highest value was observed at 2.5 cm thickness and 230 ° C. In contrast, the acidity was decreased and the lowest was observed at a thickness of 2.5 cm at 230 ° C at 1.51. It should be noted that the moisture content of chicken parts with increasing thickness (2.5) and increasing the temperature to 230 degrees tended to the highest value of 38.04% and the lowest moisture content at 150 ° C was 34.36%. The results also showed that with increasing the thickness of chicken pieces, the heat loss decreased and this factor tended to the highest value of 0.968 at 150 ° C.