Showing 48 results for hamzeh
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Summer 2020)
Abstract
Smart materials and shells affect on represent the space and identity of a society with their special activity and like any technology and element, it has its own effects and consequences and it can be said that based on the visual attractions and philosophy of the age of communication and visualization the culture of societies founded. The aim of this research is explaination of these effects on urban smart surfaces from psychological and intellectual and cultural anomalies aspects and helping designers to use it logically and in accordance with the culture and smart buildings of the community. The present research has a positive-content aspect and from another aspect, has a normative-content structure. Also, the research method includes descriptive and analytical research along with qualitative strategy, because it addresses contemporary social and cultural conditions. Data collection is based on library studies and documentation. The physical and material effects of smart shells that make urban facades based on perceptual visual cultures in perceptual aspects are criticized: truth and reality, time and space, experience and event, equality and justice, knowledge and information in a society and consider equal the meaning of firmness with persistence, generosity with lavishness, tolerance with indifference, adherence to affection and beauty with pretense and and in sensual aspects: Unity, distance and distance from the world, distorting other senses, undermining the message and meaning of the sender of the message, separation, isolation, apparent attachment, limiting taste, inhumanity of architecture and urbanization would be the results of increasing use of them.
Volume 2, Issue 6 (Summer 2021)
Abstract
The present research aims to model the structural equations of green marketing and the desire to buy customers through the mediation of social responsibility. The research method is a descriptive correlation, which has been done in field experiments. For this purpose, 384 customers of Tehran's sporting goods stores were randomly selected using the Monroe method as a statistical sample. Data were gathered by green marketing awareness and willingness to purchase Habibi Saravi (2016) (α=0.92), social responsibility of Park & et al. (2017) (α=0.73) with a Likert scale of 5 Became for data normalization, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the research hypotheses. Structural equation modelling, including confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis using AMOS software and statistical software SPSS22, were used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Inferential results showed a relationship between the marketing of green and the desire to buy sports products from customers with the mediating role of social responsibility of vendors. Also, the communication model between the three meters has adequate fitness.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2015)
Abstract
Epizoochory and endozoochory are well-known mechanisms by which seeds are dispersed by animals. Since, livestock gather around the watering-points to rest and drink, we expected to find that seeds would be frequently moved to the areas surrounding watering-points, resulting a higher soil seed density (and diversity) closest to the water. We investigated this issue by assessing soil seed bank density and composition along a distance gradient from the water and compared them with an ungrazed-control area in 2010. Therefore, three watering-points were selected in a dry rangeland of Kahnuj, Kerman Province, Iran. Soil seed bank characteristics were measured at eight distances with different intervals from the watering-points (totally 80 sampling points) and in an ungrazed area (30 sampling points) after seed dispersion in autumn. The results showed that in spite of the assumption, soil seed density and similarity between the soil seed bank and above ground vegetation increased with distance from the watering-points. A clear trend was not detected for the diversity of soil seed bank with distance from water source. Our findings suggested that the restoration of degraded sites could not rely on soil seed bank. Areas surrounding watering-points, where soil seed losses are potentially higher than those at greater distances from water source, should be given more attention for conservation by the rangeland managers.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
The ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is one of the most important natural enemies of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The effects of hexaflumuron and spirodiclofen were investigated on development and carbohydrates and total lipid contents of 4th instar larvae of H. variegata. The insecticides had significant effects on the mortality of eggs, but no significant effects on mortality of larvae or pupae. Hexaflumuron significantly increased the length of development of eggs (2.89 days) and first instar larvae (3.28 days), but had no significant effects on other instars or pupae. Spirodiclofen had no significant effects on developmental stages of H. variegata. Glycogen content was significantly reduced by spirodiclofen (17.42 mg/g fresh body weight) and hexaflumuron (16.07 mg/g fresh body weight). Trehalose content in hexaflumuron (1.89 mg/g fresh body weight) and spirodiclofen-treated larvae (2.02 mg/g fresh body weight) was significantly lower than control (8.01 mg/g fresh body weight). Glucose content in spirodiclofen-treated larvae (0.96 mg/g fresh body weight) was significantly higher than in hexaflumuron-treated larvae (0.24 mg/g fresh body weight) and control (0.15 mg/g fresh body weight). Significant reduction in the amount of lipid was observed in spirodiclofen-treated larvae (5.29 mg/g fresh body weight), but not in hexaflumuron-treated larvae (7.11 mg/g fresh body weight). These results suggest that substantial physiological events in the life of larvae are affected in response to the action of the tested insecticides.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (fall 2022)
Abstract
Aims: The historical context of cities plays a significant role in understanding the complexities and structure of a city, which can lead to the recognition and perception of people. Traditional bazaars are also considered as the most important historical element of cities, despite the studies that provide a model for measuring and evaluating spatial perception in the context of the bazaar, this research is investigated the perceptions of the traditional bazaar of Tehran by applying space layout indicators and cognitive maps.
Methods: In this research, a combined method was used, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative data and their analysis. In this regard, first, the map of Tehran bazaar has been compared and analyzed in the space layout software, and the axial map indicators have been compared and analyzed with sketches drawn by the statistical community, including businesses, buyers or passers-by.
Findings: The theory of space arrangement alone cannot clarify the various objective and subjective dimensions of the environment for us, because this theory only deals with the objective dimensions of the observer, therefore, to understand the cognitive characteristics of the space which is affected by the type and manner of people's perception, There is a need to use cognitive maps based on the presence of people and focus on users (here, Tehran's Grand Bazaar) who know and experience the environment.
Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that multiple objective and subjective factors together and sometimes with prioritization over each other are effective in determining the correct wayfinding of the space.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (2014 2014)
Abstract
Volume 4, Issue 5 (Supplementary Issue - 2015)
Abstract
The common pistachio psylla Agonoscena pistaciae is a key pest of pistachio in Iran. A study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution ofpsyllanymphs and eggs in a 10 ha pistachio orchard in the Rafsanjan region, southeast of Iran. Three rows, each containing 33 trees (totally 99 trees), were randomly selected in the orchard based on a stratified sampling scheme. In each of the selected trees, three positions in the crown (top, middle and bottom) were considered. One leaf from each position as sampling unit (totally 297 samples) was clipped and number of nymphs and eggs were counted. Ordinary kriged maps were achieved for nymphs and eggs of the three positions using a variogram function. Results indicated the highest and lowest density of the nymphs occurred on the top and bottom positions of the crown, respectively. Eggs of the common pistachio psylla were laid mostly on the bottom of the pistachio crown.
Volume 4, Issue 8 (Fall & Winter 2018)
Abstract
Over time, the words change meaning. According to linguistic studies, the most important types of this semantic change are: semantic generalization, semantic appropriation, metaphor and semantic degradation or promotion. This rule also applies to the vocabulary of Arabic; and some of the terms used in the Quran have undergone a semantic transformation. Unfortunately, a number of contemporary Persian translators have neglected this and translated some of the terms in the common and contemporary meaning. This function can seriously damage the Quranic concepts. Since the main religious teachings of the Muslims are taken from the Quran, the slightest error should not occur in the transfer of Quranic concepts to another language. Since some Quran translators have failed to do so in some cases, we have reviewed the errors found in some translations. With the search method in the sources of the vocabulary and the interpretation of the old period, and contemporary dictionaries, we will show the semantic change brought to some Quranic words. Twelve words that have undergone a semantic change have been investigated in 29 Persian translations of the Qur'an and it has been concluded that some translators mistakenly translated those words into contemporary sense.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
A great part of sciences and fundamentals of formation of our cities and past architecture has been destroyed which rooted in regulation of human relationship with the environment. Architects and urban planners deal with their processes only based on modern conditions and fundamentals that are general and international. Lack of these sciences in architecture as well as urban planning has separated it seriously from tradition and finding these fundamentals may, despite of benefitting from modern civilization values, cause biological and health values to be continued based on traditional system in modern architecture and urban planning. Plenty of contemporary cities that recently have been located and constructed are facing with problems in terms of benefitting from natural elements and based on health indicators in the tradition. New academic architecture and urban planning system has trusted in new rules of adjustment of environmental conditions to the extent that even is not seeking for traditional climatic criteria and indicators and is not supposing that many of these problems are arising out of inattention to this traditional science. In the meantime, wind as a climatic-traditional element has direct impact on health of residents of a city. The winds are crucially effective on filtration or creation of pollution in a city. Studies indicated that the wind due to direct impact on human health and is a superior element in prosperity and structure of a city and vernacular architecture of each region, and has a crucial role in filtration or creation of pollution in a city. In this paper, the impact of wind as a natural element on human’s health has been analyzed by considering traditional medical texts and its impact on selection of place and structure of cities has been studied. For this purpose, after analysis of religious, philosophical and medical texts, and description of priority of winds in relation to two factors of wind direction and wind origin, six climatic zones of some of old, important and populous cities were ranked in the light of existence or absence of favorable and unfavorable winds, respectively. Then, by studying the structure of a sample of cities with favorable wind and a sample with unfavorable wind, solution for traditional cities in terms of benefitting from/coping with the wind has been studied. Analysis method used for Islamic and medical fundamentals of wind is interpretive and argumentative. The criterion for selecting cities is being old and populous and located in six climates of Iran. Thereafter, selected cities were classified and graded based on wind quality and considering theoretical fundamentals. The basis of identification of prevailing wind direction in cities includes new climatic books, statistics of meteorological stations as well as internet. Based on fundamentals of traditional and Islamic medicine that is a little different from Greek medicine, human skin breaths in good weather and becomes fresh and in case of lack of wind passage, still air make it stink and putrid. Still air is putrefied and putrefied air is infected. Yet, unsuitable winds may destroy the body’s vitality and be detrimental to health as well as impose bad impacts on human psyche. In nature, life of plants and animals is regulated by wind so that in Quran, it has been mentioned repeatedly and swore spiritually. In the medical fundamentals, wind types and its impact on human health and climate has been studied. According to analysis of Islamic and traditional medical fundamentals, winds quality, from the most favorable to the unfavorable ones respectively, includes east wind, north wind, west wind and finally south wind; meanwhile, in addition to the importance of wind direction, wind origin is also important for its impact. Wind origin includes environments such as sea, desert, mountain, plain, lagoon and forest. In Iran, due to diversity of its climate, instances of each one (usually the first four cases are more evident) can be taken into consideration. Removal of unfavorable wind and attraction of favorable wind in the city creates strategies for city structure. Environmental factors such as wind are significantly important for locating cities. In different regions of Iran, the wind is blown in different directions and from various origins. Each city tries to receive and train any favorable wind. In this study, six climatic zones were selected and in each climate two cities, one with favorable wind status and another one with unfavorable wind blowing were studied to compare the appropriateness of model and experience of ancients for benefitting from or coping with the wind, regarding the health criteria from Islamic viewpoint. In Iranian urban structure model, spatial orientation methods of Iranian housesthat is called Ron (direction) in traditional architecture, had been converted into a model for design of that time. Three fundamental Rons in this regard include Rasteh Ron, Esfahani Ron, and Kermani Ron. Rasteh Ron is referred to the northeast-southwest direction. In this direction, the inside of house is cold in winter and hot in summer. Esfahani Ron is referred to the northwest-southeast and Kermani Ron is referred to east-west direction. In Vitruvius book, an eight-direction model has been introduced for main directions of winds and their specifications that are exposed to main and secondary directions (90 and 45 degrees). Whereas general principle in his proposal is avoiding the same direction with winds in the city passages, so axes shall not be located in main and secondary axes. Iranian Rons, except Kermani Ron, are not located in main and secondary directions and Kermani Ron has been created with a little deviation of the skyline (almost 20 degree); therefore, main lines (including passages and orientation of buildings) of no city are located in main and secondary directions of wind flow. Considering the medical fundamentals of wind direction and superiority of north and east winds to west and south winds in all three Iranian Rons, tendency toward receiving north wind and rejection of south wind such as building backward to the south front can be seen, but in Rasteh and Kermani Ron, tendency for acceptance of east wind and in Esfahani Ron, acceptance of west wind is seen as well. In fact, if a wind of west direction is a favorable wind considering wind origin, the city’s orientation structure is set according to Esfahani Ron to benefit from favorable west wind, while this Ron has less frequency than Rasteh Ron. For instance, in cold climate, mountains of Shahrekord are located in the south that is origin of prevailing wind, so the city has the most unfavorable wind and mountains in the south prevent its suitable sunbathing; thus, its direction tends to the west (Esfahani) so that relative heat of west wind may adjust the coldness of city for the residents. Analysis of instances shows that urban structure of ancient cities has been completely formed based on medical fundamentals and is appropriately conformed to the health factors from Islamic viewpoint. Comparison between quaintly and priority of traditional urban Rons and observance of priority of benefiting from east and north winds and appropriate angle in most of them is the best evidence for paying attention to health in old cities of Iran. Considering the adaption of the past urban structure and health factors from Islamic perspective may be applied on contemporary urban planning and underlie for improvement of environmental pollutions.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Winter 2023 2022)
Abstract
Culture in the discourse of leadership and its role in the realization of the new Islamic civilization is one of the important issues that need a lot of research. Because culture is very important in the view of the Supreme Leader and has a central position. Accordingly, the importance of the place of culture in the thought of his leadership has led him to develop a cultural engineering perspective. From this perspective, cultural engineering is an effort to strengthen the main components of the Islamic and national culture of the country and protect it against the influence and influence of destructive Western culture, in the light of proper arrangement and determining the correct position of all cultural dimensions and characteristics of society. These efforts require the proper design of cultural engineering. This article seeks to answer the question, what is the relationship between the concept of culture and modern Islamic civilization in the discourse of the leadership of the Islamic Revolution of Iran? The methodology of the present research, which has a descriptive- analytical nature, has provided and collected the required data and information through the library method and by accessing sources such as books, articles and research reports. In the form of the theory of modern Islamic civilization, it is based on the hypothesis that according to the Supreme Leader, culture has provided the basis for the formation and expansion of modern Islamic civilization in society.The results of the research have shown that there is a close and significant relationship between modern Islamic culture and civilization. In such a way that culture is effective in the realization of modern Islamic civilization and according to the most important components of Islamic civilization, which is God-centered based on human dignity and cultural and spiritual values, this statement is confirmed.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
Problem design : The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the activity of users in Telegram and Instagram social networks and their political activism in the cities of Tehran as the political-economic capital and Qom as the cultural-religious capital of the country.
Method : This study was carried out using a combined method including library study and survey using a questionnaire tool. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated by the face validity method and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of this research is all members of Telegram and Instagram social networks over 15 years of age who live in Tehran and Qom, and 768 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's sampling formula and using cluster sampling. were selected
Findings : The results of this research show a significant relationship between the two variables of activity in social networks and political activism of users, and the Spearman statistic at the 95% significance level is 0.24.
Results : Currently and based on the statements of the respondents, users are doing conventional political activism. However, if legal channels are closed for political activism, it can be predicted that unconventional methods of activism such as civil disobedience, protests, strikes, etc. will be used by activists.
Volume 6, Issue 7 (No.7 (Tome 28), (Articles in Persian) 2015)
Abstract
This paper sets up to investigate the word didan (‘to see’) based on the frame semantics. The model provides a scientific tool enabling us to explore how the sense of words can be traced back through human’s experiences and background knowledge. The main purpose of this paper is to clarify delicate meaning distinctions, which are mainly overlooked in dictionaries. To this end, we started this study by searching different texts and corpora in order to find the semantic frames for didan from one hand, and to extract differences between the verb didan and the other partially synonymous verbs such as moshahede kardan (‘to observe’), and tamasha kardan (‘to watch’), on the other hand. Then, we try to determine how polysemous verb of didan is analyzed in terms of semantic frames. By analyzing data, we have found out that the relationship between different frames with that of Perception frame is the cause of polysemy. Furthermore, the partially synonymous verbs are differentiated from the verb “didan” based on ‘aim’, ‘target’, and other variables. Last but not least, we have put forward a model showing how didan and its different frames are related and how partially synonymous words are differentiated from it.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2006)
Abstract
Purpose: In this study the effect of iron supplmentation on hemoglobin and hematocrit in pregnant women with Hb>13.2 g/dl was investigated.
Material and Methods: In this experimental clincal study, the effect of iron supplementation on hemoglobin and hematocrit in pregnant women with Hb>13.2 g/dl and Ferritin> 14.3 μg/l during the 13th- 18th pregnancy week was studied. Eighty seven women having the above conditions were selected in this study. Fourthy two women received one ferrous sulfate pill (50 mg Elemental iron) daily (study group) and 45 women received one placebo ferrous sulfate daily (control group) from the 20th pregnancy week. The amount of Hb and Hct during the 24-28 preganancy week and over the 32nd – 36th pregnancy week were measured.
Results: This study showed that in the second trimester the level of hemoglobin in the study group (13.41 ± 0.63) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (12.59 ± 0.79). In addition, the level of hemoglobin in the third trimester in the study group (14.02 ± 0.63) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (13.36 ± 0.57). The level of hematocrit in the second trimester in the study group (40.31 ± 01.81) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (38.96 ± 2.5). Furthermore, the level of hematocrit in the third trimester in the study group (41.74 ± 2.2) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (40.73 ± 2.19). There was not any significant clinical decrease in the level of hemoglobin and hematicrit during the pregnancy.
Conclusion: Using iron supplementation in women with a high hemoglobin level can inhibit the beneficial decrease of the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit in the second and third trimester and the routin administration of iron supplementation is doubtful.
Volume 8, Issue 2 (No. 8 (Tome 37), (Articles in Persian) 2017)
Abstract
In this paper, we are suggesting a website, which we have called ColloNet, for explaining lexical collocations based on frame semantics.It is going to be connected to FrameNet that is a network drawing frames of lexemes. This network not only helps us comprehend the nature of collocations, but also is an introduction to more computational linguistics researches. We have considered the word ‘dast’ to explain different functions and applications of this website. The data are collected from two Persian corpora: Bijan Khan and Persian Database. A descriptive-comparative-analytic approach has been used to compare and analyze the frames, in which the collocates, the base and the whole construction are being defined. Consequently,by comparing frames and analyzing the relations between elements, we can not only understand the type of collocation (such as simple, metaphoric or metonymic), but also obtain some information regarding historical, political, social and cultural motivations behind collocations.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Cataglyphis nodus (Brullé) is one of the fairly known ants of Iran. Here, we present new data on a morphotype from Chaharmahal-o Bakhtiari province (Cheri - Mavarz) closely related to C. nodus. The examined specimens were morphologically had very similar characters with the original description of C. nodus. In order to explore the phylogenetic position of Iranian specimens, a fragment of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) was used. The Iranian specimens belong to a clade containing C. holgerseni Collingwood & Agosti; C. niger (André), C. nodus and C. savignyi (Dufour). Surprisingly, it was clustered with C. holgerseni, indicating existence of a possibly undescribed species. The final taxonomic conclusion and description of the possible new species postponed until examination of the type specimens of both C. nodus and C. holgerseni.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
Aims Watershed management practices are as appropriate solutions to control nonpoint sources of pollution at watershed scale. Nevertheless, the best way to allocate limited resources is a challenge for watershed management efforts. Therefore, to achieve the most suitable strategies, manager requires the use of mathematical techniques to assign management practices priority. In this regards, in the present study, an
optimization-based Decision Support Tool (DST) was used to assign the optimal combinations of management practices at the Taleghan Dam Watershed, Alborz Province, Iran.
Materials & Methods To achieve the present research goals, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to determine the sediment yield at outlet of the watershed under different combinations of management measures and was coupled with a genetic algorithm in MATLAB computer software, which provides as the optimization engine.
Findings The results of optimization in the Taleghan Dam Watershed showed that implementation costs for 10% and 20% sediment reduction in optimal solution were obtained 110300$ and 235500$, respectively. The cost-effectiveness ratio of scenarios 10% and 20% sediment reduction obtained about 11030 and 11770.5 (dollars for 1% sediment reduction), respectively. The results also showed that filter strip and seeding are the most cost effective option for sediment load control. Conversely, the grade stabilization structure and detention pond are the least cost-effective option.
Conclusion This tool is transferable to other watersheds and therefore, is one of the effective approaches of watershed management.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Abstract
In the organizational world, leaders or executives are highly influential, and managerial and leadership positions are one of the most important organizational professions. This subject is more important in public organizations due to key role of them in society. In this survey, researchers seek to provide appropriate leadership model for public organizations. Reviewing this subject, “lean leadership", which traditionally used in the industrial environment, can be considered as the basis for extracting the model of lean leadership in Public organizations. For this purpose, 23 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the academics and executive (or simultaneous) and experts of the subject, by using targeted sampling method. Based on the key coding strategy, the open, axial, and selective coding steps were implemented, and by the effective and efficient use of Software (MAXQDA.PRO.2018.1), the axial category "government requirements”, “authenticity" ,"strategies", "external influences" "intra-organizational actions" were extracted, which led to the consequences of this exploratory model in the context of the category of “lean leadership”. The two key findings of the research process include "descriptive exploratory model of lean leadership in Public organizations" and "extracting theoretical theorems”.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: The main aim of the research is to recognize the criteria of the authenticity of contemporary mosques based on the obtained criteria. Recognizing the originality to improve the development process of mosques and modeling for the design of future mosques or their development plan.
Methods: The research method is the identification and extraction of indicators, reasoning, and analysis of examples using the opinions of a focused group of experts, and scoring based on indicators.
Findings: The characteristics of the authenticity of the mosques were set in two dimensions, content and body. Content characteristics, such as the use of familiar historical symbols and elements of nature (light and water) as well as respect for community and human privacy and the symbolic divine dimensions of the space to express the sacred nature of mosques. It includes the user pattern and the exact type of structure. In none of these cases should one judge the superiority of the past or today with prejudice, but rather the criterion of its comprehensive usefulness in the mental and physical benefit of the audience.
Conclusion: The analyses show the differences and commonalities of the factors of the authenticity of the mosque. Mosques that had more body manifestation in content aspect at the general of the design of the mosque, were more original. But mosques that have emphasized symbols in terms of content, and they had a weak manifestation of content in the body, were in the middle category. Also, merely sustainable architecture, emphasizing the transformation of symbolic forms and deconstruction in the design, regardless of the content dimensions, has not increased the originality.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the variation in plant diversity, floristic quality indices, and the forest integrity of various broadleaf forest types.
Materials & Methods: In this study, we used 288 plots of 1m2 in the middle Zagros forest to investigate the role of three forest types including Quercus infectoria, Quercus brantii, and Pyrus glabra on forest diversity indices and floristic quality
Findings: results revealed significant differences in Shannon wiener, Margalef, and Menhinic indices, as well as some soil properties, between forest types, but no significant differences in evenness and Simpson indices. Diversity indices mean coefficient of conservatism and floristic quality index (FQI) were significantly greater in the protected forest dominated by Quercus infectoria than in other protected forests.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that tree species and certain topographical and edaphic factors have distinct effects on the distribution of understory plants, plant diversity, and floristic quality in different forest types. The results of this research, while confirming the use of plant diversity indices, also introduce the conservatism coefficient and species fidelity as additional tools in evaluating forest integrity, because by using them, more and better information can be obtained about the conditions of the forest.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
Aims: Knowledge of impacts and damages of natural and climatic disasters, besides the development of related insurance products, are among the factors that play a significant role in a better understanding of climatic threats and climate change adaptation and mitigation. Therefore, this research was carried out in order to examine the status of Iran's insurance industry in understanding the effects of climate change and developing related insurance products.
Materials & methods: In order to examine the international experiences of the world insurance industry in the field of climate change, library studies were used, and to examine the current situation of the Iranian insurance industry in understanding the phenomenon of climate change and insurance products, a questionnaire was used.
Finding: Findings show, the deep and extensive attention of the insurance industry to the phenomenon of climate change, the needf for requirements such as providing detailed statistical analyxes of the number of damages and effects caused by the occurrence of climate change, clarifying the harmful effects of climate change on profitability, considering encironmental issues and biological changes in the macro polocies of the country, creating fundamental thinking and attitude regarding climate change in the country.
Conclusion: The results indicate that climate change has increased customer demand for some insurance products, and the consequences of climate change have caused the need to develop and upgrade the products and use new insurance products.