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When evaluating and criticizing the Persian translations of the noble Qur’ān, we cannot rely merely on the meanings of the words and sentences; rather, we need to adopt translation models and theories to examine and criticize the existing Persian translations of the Qur’ān and find the one that is closest to the original text. One of the methods that can be used as a useful framework for the evaluation of the quality of the translations of the noble Qur’ān is Garces’ theory that provides a model for the criticism of literary texts. When addressing translations, this theory does not merely attend to the meanings of the words and sentences; rather, it takes into account four levels. The article at hand evaluates and criticizes the translations of the Kingdom chapter by Anṣāriyān and Ṭāhirī based on Garces’ evaluation model in four levels (i.e., semantical-lexical, syntactical-morphological, discursive-functional, and stylistic-pragmatic). The most important finding of this descriptive-analytical study is that the translations of the noble Qur’ān by Anṣāriyān and Ṭāhirī could be criticized and evaluated based on the indices of Garces’ theory. Anṣāriyān’s translation is found to have numerous instances of lexical expansion, while Ṭāhirī’s translation is shown to entail numerous cases for modification, deletion, and reduction subgroup. This makes the positive indices of Anṣāriyān’s translation more significant than those of Ṭāhirī’s work from the viewpoint of Garces’ framework. Moreover, it seems that Anṣāriyān’s translation is more of a target-language–oriented and audience-oriented translation due to the great volume of data it has in the indices related to the target language domain.
 

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Shape optimization of free form shell structures with different objective and constraint functions including the stress constraint is the subject of this article. To construct the geometry B-Splines are employed that allow generating smooth free form geometries with a small number of parameters which are considered as the design variables of the optimization problem. For analysis, the finite element method by using the Wilson’s quad shell element is employed. For shape optimization, in each step of the optimization process the mesh generation, finite element analysis, sensitivity analysis and geometry update steps are repeated until convergence. Maximization of the stiffness of structure with volume constraint and the minimization of the weight of structure with the von Misses stress constraint are the addressed problems of this article. In both kinds of problems, the applicates of the control points are considered as the design variables of the shape optimization problem and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is employed to solve the optimization problem. Since in this approach, the derivatives of the objective and constraint functions are needed, the sensitivity analysis is carried out in each step by the finite difference method. The quality and smoothness of the obtained results together with the convergence graphs of the presented examples are indicative of the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed approach for shape optimization of shell structures.

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The purpose of this study was to produce the spray dried stevia extract and evaluation of Arabic gum concentration on production yield, physicochemical and morphological properties of stevia powder. the effect of sucrose replacement with stevia powders on physicochemical, texture and sensory properties of Aloe Vera jelly were investigated. The spray drying process was carried out at 10, 20 and 30% w/v concentrations. Then, 25, 50 and 75% of sucrose in the formulation of Aloe Vera jelly was replaced with 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% of stevia powders. the maximum yield of powder(47.73%)has been obtained at 10:90 ratio. The amount of moisture, aw and hygroscopicity of powders decreased with increasing the carrier ratio.Other properties such as bulk, particle and true density, solubility and wettability of powders decreased with increasing the carrier ratio. These properties were varied in the range of 0.39-0.46 g/ml, 0.42-0.57g/ml, 1.42-1.55g/ml, 89.10-92.30%, and 15.39- 27.52 s. Also, flow ability behavior of samples improved by increasing the carrier ratios. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy, the increase of carrier concentration also led to the production of larger particles with wrinkled surface and irregular shapes. Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of the jelly samples revealed that by increasing the stevia concentration, the moisture content, synersis and acidity of samples increased, while the brix, gel strength and pH decreased. Treatments A, B and D(containing 0.25, 0.50 and 0.25% of G1 and G2 powder respectively)showed higher acceptability regarding sensory characteristics and did not show significant differences with the control sample

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In this article, MMA which is a mathematical programing method is utilized for solving truss optimization problem. Although this method has been widely used in topology optimization problems of continuous structures, it has received less attention in the case of truss structures. The optimization problem considered here is the problem of minimizing the strain energy of the structure by considering the volume constraint. For the first time, the basics of the SIMP method and the application of the penalty exponent of the density function have been used for simultaneous optimization of topology and size of the truss members.To solve the optimization problem, analytical sensitivity analysis has been performed. Various problems have been solved at the end of the paper and the results have been discussed. The results show that if the appropriate penalty exponent is chosen, the correct optimal solution is obtained for the benchmark problems. Also, some more practical problems have been solved and the results have been discussed.