Volume 19, Issue 124 (June 2022)
Abstract
Rice bran can be a suitable compound for bread enrichment due to its considerable amounts of fiber and protein. However, the addition of rice bran due to impaired textural and sensory properties as well as the presence of phytic acid in it should be further investigated. On the other hand, when bread bakes at temperatures above 120 °C through millard reaction, a carcinogenic compound called acrylamide is produced which can be minimized by removing the effective factors in its production. In this study, ordinary rice bran and hydrothermaled rice bran were used in different percentages of 3, 6 and 9% to enrich wheat flour and molded bread. Then, color changes, acrylamide levels and textural properties were measured. The results showed that with increasing the use of bran in bread, the amount of discoloration and acrylamide concentration increased and the samples containing hydrothermal bran had higher acrylamide levels. Hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness had an increasing trend with increasing bran percentage, while cohesiveness and springiness showed a decreasing trend with increasing bran percentage. According to the results obtained based on the ADI of acrylamide and due to the reduction of phytic acid in bread samples, treatment containing 3% hydrothermal bran not only had the lowest acrylamide content and at the same time had the lowest amount of phytic acid, but also had acceptable tissue and appearance characteristics.
Volume 22, Issue 159 (May 2025)
Abstract
Tea, after water, is one of the most consumed beverages in the world due to its chemical compounds such as polyphenols, antioxidant compounds, and caffeine, which are beneficial. Factors such as tea leaf processing, harvest time, and cultivation region can affect the composition of tea leaves. This research was conducted in a factorial design and as a completely randomized design, with independent variables including raw green tea leaves, processed green tea, and black tea, and dependent variables in this design include measuring the amount of polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and The amount of caffeine and soil properties have been carried out in two harvest seasons: spring (May) and summer (July) and two cultivation zones in the east of Guilan (Lahijan) and west of Guilan (Fouman). According to the results, the interaction effects were, the moisture content of spring green tea in Fouman region (78.83%) was at its highest and summer green tea in Fouman region (6.22%) had the lowest value. The highest amount of solid matter was reported in summer green tea from the Fuman region (93.76%), while the lowest amount was found in spring green tea leaves from Fuman (21.20%) Additionally, the highest caffeine content was observed in spring green tea from Fuman (2.65%), and the lowest amount was in summer green tea leaves from Lahijan (1.87%) The highest and lowest levels of antioxidant compounds were also seen in both spring and summer green tea leaves from Lahijan, as well as in summer black tea from Fuman (57.27%). Furthermore, the highest amount of polyphenols was observed in the spring green tea from Fouman (12.37%), while the lowest amount was found in the summer green tea from Fouman (12.29%).
