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Volume 8, Issue 15 (Spring & Summer 2021)
Abstract

Among the cases that have been paid less attention in translating the verses of the Holy Quran, is “Al" (arabic: ال) as definite article and this issue causes damage in translation. In general, names with “AL” (disambiguation) are considered as specific nouns and that has many types. but the important point is the difference betweenḏihniyy Al” (Arabic: ذهنی ( in syntax and rhetoric, this type of Al has different meanings in Rhetoric and Syntax. Previous scientists have not explained this difference. This article deals with the semantics of AL in the scope of the first hundred verses of the Holy Quran translated by Mohammad Ali Rezaei Esfahani through a descriptive-analytical method and through this seeks to analyze the meanings of AL and the article showes the ways of displaying them in the translation. The translator method has been extracted in translating different types of AL, and some of the translations provided need further consideration. The results of the research indicate that in the translation of the present tense, only by translating the Pronoun and interjection (Arabic: حرف نداء ) which is next to the noun, The meaning of "Al" can be stated  As in Arabic, we understand the existence of these meanings from the same signs, and the translator follows the same path and does not explain further. One of the functions of al- is to render the noun onto which it is prefixed a class noun (Arabic: اِسْم جِنس, ) ,for this type and ḏihniyy Al”  there are no special signs to distinguish it and also for translating And for the translation of " ḏikriyy AL"(Arabic:ذکری (, translater added the word "this" and suggested "those" to indicate Mousoul Al (Arabic:( موصول and for the class noun "jins Al" and " ḏihniyy Al”  there are no specific signs to distinguish it
 

Volume 17, Issue 4 (11-2017)
Abstract

In regions that are susceptible to earthquake occurrence, designing large and engineering developed structures such as tall buildings, dams and bridges most often requires quantitative dynamic analysis. Engineers discuss important questions on possible magnitude of earthquake in the zones under construction and require knowledge on the movements or the spectrums enforces and/or defining parameters. Time history analysis is the most natural analytical method compatible with the physical behaviors in the course of earthquake in a way that structures are performed by including the effects of earth acceleration as a function of time being applied in the structural base. The accelerograms which are used in analyzing the chronological history in determining the impacts of earth movement must reveal the actual movements of earth in the construction site of the structure during earthquake; As a result, selecting accelerogram is very important in analyzing the chronology. Unfortunately, the point that suitable records must be selected with respect to the conditions that govern seismic source, the geological characteristics, tectonic distance from fault and the largeness of the zone is usually neglected. Our country is located in one of the most active seismic regions in the world. According to the scientific information and documents, Iran is one of the riskiest regions of the world and is exposed to serious damage from earthquake. In the recent years, there has been an earthquake with large physical and financial casualties in one of the regions of the country once every five years in average. Presently, Iran is on top of the list of countries where earthquake is associated with life casualties. It is very difficult to fully prevent damages caused by high magnitude earthquakes. This is especially important in the city of Tehran with the very large population that lives in it, and is encircled by several active faults. The main goal of this research is to prepare a suitable list of remote range strong motion accelerograms to be used in nonlinear analysis in Tehran. The main focus of this research is to study all parameters that are effective in selecting suitable strong motion accelerogram in Tehran and for this purpose, 1000 strong motion accelerograms from earthquakes that occurred in Iran between 1978 through 2007 were studied and the entire parameters effective in selecting suitable strong motion accelerograms for the city of Tehran including distance, magnitude, frequency contents, earthquake mechanism, soil and specifications of earth strata were reviewed. Ultimately, a suitable list of strong motion accelerograms is presented to be used in nonlinear three-dimensional analysis. To achieve this goal, the geological and geotechnique features of the region were studied. In addition, the mechanism of active faults in the region were studied as well and by considering the parameters of magnitude, the focal depth, the distance of registry stations to the earthquake place, the geology studies of the records registry stations, mechanism and the frequency contents of a series of the accelerograms are suggested to reveal the actual movement of earth in Tehran as much as possible; if modeling and chronological history analysis are bi-dimensional, it will be possible to use 28 categories alongside and orthogonal with the faults in the suggested list. It should be noted that to analyze the chronology, only those accelerograms were used which could be scaled with the spectrum of the standard plan of the region and prove compatible with the frequency period of the structure. Minimum moment magnitude in the mentioned list is equal to 5.6 and maximum moment magnitude is 7.4. The mean magnitude in this list is 6.45. The mean maximum earth acceleration for the list was equal to 0.191g. The dominant mean period in the list is 0.64 seconds. The dominant frequency in this collection of accelerogram includes a large frequency range; therefore, suitable stimulation could be anticipated from this list for various structures.

Volume 18, Issue 3 (5-2018)
Abstract

Various solutions have been suggested to overcome the issue when cooling peak hours and electric energy consumption coincide. One of the solutions is to store the cooling load at off-peak hours. One of the most conventional types of storage systems is the ice-on-coil storage system. The low heat transfer rate in this system is one of the challenges. Since the conduction heat transfer coefficient of ice is low, by starting the ice formation, the heat transfer between the refrigerant inside the coil and the reservoir’s water will reduce. One idea to increase the heat transfer rate is to postpone the starting time of the freezing process to keep active the natural convection mechanism. In the present study, mechanical vibration has been used to linger freezing initiation in ice-on-coil energy storage system. The effect of longitudinal and lateral positioning of the probe, on the amount of temperature and initiation time of freezing as well as the amount and structure of formed ice has been investigated. The results revealed that placing the vibrator at the middle of coil over its two ends leads to further increase in the amount of formed ice. It is found that applying mechanical vibration can postpone the initiation time of the freezing process and decrease the subcooling temperature. Moreover, it is shown that the amount of ice formation is a function of subcooling temperature and initiation time of freezing. Finally, the energy consumption of the vibrator and the energy consumption reduction in peak-hour are calculated.

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