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Showing 8 results for azagh
Volume 6, Issue 1 (12-2006)
Abstract
Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) has been applied to analyze characteristics of semiconductor laser optical amplifiers. The input signal is sinusoidal modulating wave and we do not assume the modulating bias signal as well. We have shown that the distoration arises from gain modulation at low modulation frequencies, but in microwave modulation frequencies, the gain takes an average value and the response becomes linear.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (2-2021)
Abstract
Abstract
Social movements are a fundamental issue in theories of revolution that have sought to explain them because of the importance of different theories. Lashkar-e Bani Abbas raised the level of value expectations of social classes with egalitarian slogans, this was while the level of people's value ability did not change much and people suffered from frustration and relative deprivation. Important variables, including economic, religious, and participatory values, led to the expansion of these movements. the size of the movements also affected the control of coercion by the government and the opposition and it finally made the movements. The present article tries to focus on the formation and causes of the movements of Barazbandeh, Sanbad, Ishaq Turk, Ostadsis, Al-Muqna and Babak Khorramdin. Using the method of historical and sociological analysis and examining the content of historical and sociological works, in the light of the theory of relative deprivation, this article examines the formation and causes of these movements.
Social movements are a fundamental issue in theories of revolution that have sought to explain them because of the importance of different theories. Lashkar-e Bani Abbas raised the level of value expectations of social classes with egalitarian slogans, this was while the level of people's value ability did not change much and people suffered from frustration and relative deprivation. Important variables, including economic, religious, and participatory values, led to the expansion of these movements. the size of the movements also affected the control of coercion by the government and the opposition and it finally made the movements. The present article tries to focus on the formation and causes of the movements of Barazbandeh, Sanbad, Ishaq Turk, Ostadsis, Al-Muqna and Babak Khorramdin. Using the method of historical and sociological analysis and examining the content of historical and sociological works, in the light of the theory of relative deprivation, this article examines the formation and causes of these movements.
Volume 13, Issue 55 (9-2015)
Abstract
Chemical preservatives are usually used to reduce or eliminate pathogenic or spoilage microorganisms but their inordinate applications have resulted in toxigenic residuals and adverse effects on consumers, So many researches have been done to substitute the chemicals with naturally occurring compounds, especially plant essential oils. In this study, the chemical compositions of essential Thymus kotschyanus were identified with set GC-MS. Then organoleptic properties, microbial and physicochemical quality of Doogh sample prepared with adding different concentration Thymus kotschyanus essential oil were investigated during 14 day storage. Results of GC-MS analysis indicated that thymol (51.1 %), p-cymene (13.78 %) and γ-terpinene (9.03 %) comprised the highest amount of this EO. T. kotschyanus EO destroyed E.coli O157:H7 in addetive low concentrations to Doogh in same the early days and the MIC that determined by the micro dilution method was 470µg/ml. Based on the results, essential oil doesn’t have significant changes in Doogh physico-chemical properties excepion total solid that essentail Doogh free comparsion with Doogh contain 100 and 200 ppm make significant changes(p<0.05), the Doogh that contain 50 ppm was accepted by panelist. The addition of this EO has no adverse effect on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Doogh, also this EO effective substances could be purified and used as natural antibacterial agent, solely or along with others techniques, to prolong food shelf life.
Volume 15, Issue 2 (May & June 2024)
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the standards for sustainable development when organizing content of Arabic textbooks in junior high school, utilizing a survey methodology. The primary tool for this study is a questionnaire developed by the researcher, encompassing criteria for religious, social, environmental, economic, and intellectual-scientific development. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests such as Pearson, ANOVA, and Friedman are employed for data analysis and description. The findings suggest an overall weak level of sustainability for development criteria in organizing the content of junior high school Arabic textbooks. Specifically, three criteria including environmental, social, and economic criteria exhibit a weak level of desirability, while only two criteria, religious and intellectual-scientific criteria, achieve a moderate desirability level. Regarding the correlation between criteria and sustainable development, the results indicate that environmental, social, and economic criteria have the highest correlation but have not reached a desirable level. It is recommended to improve the organization of junior high school Arabic textbooks based on sustainable development criteria by not only preserving religious and intellectual-scientific criteria but also incorporating environmental, social, and economic development criteria into the content of these books.
1. Introduction
Today, the subject of sustainable development has gained significant prominence in the fields of culture, education, and social sciences due to its role in improving the economic, social, and environmental conditions of society. Researchers have shown particular interest in examining and assessing the effectiveness of development criteria in the teaching and learning processes; this is because, in terms of effectiveness, it is believed that sustainable development can play a crucial role in creating and training a competent and responsible generation. A generation that can actively contribute to the holistic progress and development, fostering a constructive and mutual relationship between members of society and human resources. In this regard, due to the importance of textbooks in the teaching-learning process and their special role in promoting various ideas and human development criteria, incorporating sustainable development criteria, especially religious, social, economic, environmental, and intellectual-scientific criteria, in textbooks will play a significant role in applying these criteria in the academic and personal lives of learners; textbooks are one of the most important elements of the curriculum, through which knowledge, skills, and approved attitudes are conveyed to the intended audience according to the curriculum guidelines. Additionally, a textbook is the result of a learning plan and a roadmap; this plan and roadmap are usually the curriculum guidelines where objectives, content headings, and content selection and organization criteria are specified. Therefore, this article seeks to examine the sustainable development criteria in organizing the content of Arabic textbooks for the junior high school.
Research Question
To what extent have sustainable development criteria been considered in organizing the content of Arabic textbooks for the junior high school (seventh, eighth, and ninth grades)?
2. Literature Review
The theoretical foundations of this research are based on the necessity of incorporating sustainable development criteria (social, environmental, economic, religious, and intellectual-scientific criteria) into schools curricula; this is because achieving sustainable development requires coordinated efforts in various areas, including education, particularly in teaching and training and on the other hand, the process of individual identity formation in society is intricately tied to the elevation of culture and values. The school, as one of the influential institutions in shaping sustainable development and institutionalizing it in society, can be perceived as the primary foundation of sustainable development. Therefore, it is imperative that school textbooks be authored in line with the goals of sustainable development, and teachers actively participate in skill-building and educational courses related to sustainable development to enhance their knowledge and professional capabilities.
3. Methodology
The general approach of this article is practical and its nature is both quantitative and survey-based, but in terms of analysis, it is considered descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this research includes all Arabic teachers in the city of Qazvin, from which a sample of 65 individuals was selected. The minimum age of the respondents was 23 years, and the maximum age was 50 years, with an average age of 41 years. Furthermore, their teaching experience ranged from 1 to 29 years. In terms of gender distribution, 23.1% of the respondents were male, and 76.9% were female.
The research instrument is a questionnaire developed by the researcher called "Sustainable Development Criteria," which includes five criteria: religious, social, economic, environmental, and intellectual-scientific. The content of this questionnaire was extracted from articles and sources related to sustainable development, especially the research of Al-Kahelwat (2015). It was then designed with 35 questions and 5-point Likert scale options after initial modification and adjustment.
The validity of the questionnaire was meticulously examined. For more precise selection of items, the questionnaire was given to six professors in the fields of educational sciences, English language teaching, and Arabic language teaching. After receiving their feedbacks and making further revisions, the final version was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by analyzing the data from 20 questionnaires in the initial phase, resulting in a Cronbach's alpha of 0.98, indicating high reliability of the research tool.
To analyze the statistical data, the SPSS software was utilized. To examine the ranking of sustainable development criteria and differences in their means in the organization of the content of Arabic books, Friedman and ANOVA tests were employed. Moreover, to investigate the impact of each criterion on sustainability levels, Pearson correlation test was used, and descriptive statistical analysis was applied to calculate the sustainability levels of each criterion and its sub-indicators.
4. Results
The main findings of the research indicated that, overall, the level of sustainability of sustainable development criteria in organizing the content of Arabic textbooks for the junior high school is in a weak condition with an average of 2.93. However, concerning the sub-questions of the research regarding "the extent of attention to religious, social, economic, environmental, intellectual, and scientific criteria of sustainable development in Arabic textbooks for the junior high school," the findings revealed that the desirability level of the religious and intellectual-scientific criteria is average, while the desirability level of environmental, social, and economic criteria is weak.; in other words, the attention to environmental, economic, and social criteria in the content of Arabic textbooks for the junior high school (seventh, eighth, and ninth grades) was evaluated as weak, hindering the achievement of desirable levels of sustainable development in these books.
Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the highest correlation among different levels of sustainable development is between environmental, social, and economic criteria, indicating that these criteria have the highest correlation with sustainable development in Arabic textbooks for the junior high school. Regarding the ranking of the effectiveness of various criteria on sustainable development, statistical tests showed that the religious and intellectual-scientific criteria have the highest impact; these criteria have currently reached an average level of desirability in terms of sustainability, while other criteria, despite their high correlation, exhibit weak sustainability levels; in this regard, the highest coefficients of and belong to the environmental criterion, which has the highest impact on various levels of sustainable development. Following this, the social criterion has a coefficient of of and , and the economic criterion has coefficients of of and . The religious and intellectual-scientific criteria are placed after the mentioned criteria.
Therefore, as indicated by the results, it is essential to not only preserve and enhance the level of sustainability in the two religious and intellectual-scientific criteria but also pay necessary attention to achieving a desirable level of sustainable development in environmental, social, and economic criteria. This is crucial because without considering the growth of environmental, social, and economic criteria, sustainable development in the content of junior high school Arabic textbooks will not be achieved.
1. Introduction
Today, the subject of sustainable development has gained significant prominence in the fields of culture, education, and social sciences due to its role in improving the economic, social, and environmental conditions of society. Researchers have shown particular interest in examining and assessing the effectiveness of development criteria in the teaching and learning processes; this is because, in terms of effectiveness, it is believed that sustainable development can play a crucial role in creating and training a competent and responsible generation. A generation that can actively contribute to the holistic progress and development, fostering a constructive and mutual relationship between members of society and human resources. In this regard, due to the importance of textbooks in the teaching-learning process and their special role in promoting various ideas and human development criteria, incorporating sustainable development criteria, especially religious, social, economic, environmental, and intellectual-scientific criteria, in textbooks will play a significant role in applying these criteria in the academic and personal lives of learners; textbooks are one of the most important elements of the curriculum, through which knowledge, skills, and approved attitudes are conveyed to the intended audience according to the curriculum guidelines. Additionally, a textbook is the result of a learning plan and a roadmap; this plan and roadmap are usually the curriculum guidelines where objectives, content headings, and content selection and organization criteria are specified. Therefore, this article seeks to examine the sustainable development criteria in organizing the content of Arabic textbooks for the junior high school.
Research Question
To what extent have sustainable development criteria been considered in organizing the content of Arabic textbooks for the junior high school (seventh, eighth, and ninth grades)?
2. Literature Review
The theoretical foundations of this research are based on the necessity of incorporating sustainable development criteria (social, environmental, economic, religious, and intellectual-scientific criteria) into schools curricula; this is because achieving sustainable development requires coordinated efforts in various areas, including education, particularly in teaching and training and on the other hand, the process of individual identity formation in society is intricately tied to the elevation of culture and values. The school, as one of the influential institutions in shaping sustainable development and institutionalizing it in society, can be perceived as the primary foundation of sustainable development. Therefore, it is imperative that school textbooks be authored in line with the goals of sustainable development, and teachers actively participate in skill-building and educational courses related to sustainable development to enhance their knowledge and professional capabilities.
3. Methodology
The general approach of this article is practical and its nature is both quantitative and survey-based, but in terms of analysis, it is considered descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this research includes all Arabic teachers in the city of Qazvin, from which a sample of 65 individuals was selected. The minimum age of the respondents was 23 years, and the maximum age was 50 years, with an average age of 41 years. Furthermore, their teaching experience ranged from 1 to 29 years. In terms of gender distribution, 23.1% of the respondents were male, and 76.9% were female.
The research instrument is a questionnaire developed by the researcher called "Sustainable Development Criteria," which includes five criteria: religious, social, economic, environmental, and intellectual-scientific. The content of this questionnaire was extracted from articles and sources related to sustainable development, especially the research of Al-Kahelwat (2015). It was then designed with 35 questions and 5-point Likert scale options after initial modification and adjustment.
The validity of the questionnaire was meticulously examined. For more precise selection of items, the questionnaire was given to six professors in the fields of educational sciences, English language teaching, and Arabic language teaching. After receiving their feedbacks and making further revisions, the final version was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by analyzing the data from 20 questionnaires in the initial phase, resulting in a Cronbach's alpha of 0.98, indicating high reliability of the research tool.
To analyze the statistical data, the SPSS software was utilized. To examine the ranking of sustainable development criteria and differences in their means in the organization of the content of Arabic books, Friedman and ANOVA tests were employed. Moreover, to investigate the impact of each criterion on sustainability levels, Pearson correlation test was used, and descriptive statistical analysis was applied to calculate the sustainability levels of each criterion and its sub-indicators.
4. Results
The main findings of the research indicated that, overall, the level of sustainability of sustainable development criteria in organizing the content of Arabic textbooks for the junior high school is in a weak condition with an average of 2.93. However, concerning the sub-questions of the research regarding "the extent of attention to religious, social, economic, environmental, intellectual, and scientific criteria of sustainable development in Arabic textbooks for the junior high school," the findings revealed that the desirability level of the religious and intellectual-scientific criteria is average, while the desirability level of environmental, social, and economic criteria is weak.; in other words, the attention to environmental, economic, and social criteria in the content of Arabic textbooks for the junior high school (seventh, eighth, and ninth grades) was evaluated as weak, hindering the achievement of desirable levels of sustainable development in these books.
Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the highest correlation among different levels of sustainable development is between environmental, social, and economic criteria, indicating that these criteria have the highest correlation with sustainable development in Arabic textbooks for the junior high school. Regarding the ranking of the effectiveness of various criteria on sustainable development, statistical tests showed that the religious and intellectual-scientific criteria have the highest impact; these criteria have currently reached an average level of desirability in terms of sustainability, while other criteria, despite their high correlation, exhibit weak sustainability levels; in this regard, the highest coefficients of and belong to the environmental criterion, which has the highest impact on various levels of sustainable development. Following this, the social criterion has a coefficient of of and , and the economic criterion has coefficients of of and . The religious and intellectual-scientific criteria are placed after the mentioned criteria.
Therefore, as indicated by the results, it is essential to not only preserve and enhance the level of sustainability in the two religious and intellectual-scientific criteria but also pay necessary attention to achieving a desirable level of sustainable development in environmental, social, and economic criteria. This is crucial because without considering the growth of environmental, social, and economic criteria, sustainable development in the content of junior high school Arabic textbooks will not be achieved.
Volume 16, Issue 94 (December 2019)
Abstract
In this research, carrots were first cut into equal pieces and then subjected to different treatments at different levels. The voltage levels were at 40, 60 and 80
Volume 17, Issue 12 (2-2018)
Abstract
In the current research, the effect of severe plastic deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7075 alloy focusing on toughness was investigated. For this purpose, the Al-7075 alloy was subjected to ECAP process up to 4 passes by route BC at room temperature. Microstructure and fracture surface of the specimens were analyzed by optical and electron microscopy and mechanical properties were studied by hardness, tensile and impact tests. Dynamic and static toughness of the alloy were measured from the area under the stress-strain curve and impact test, respectively. The experimental data revealed that after 4 passes of ECAP, the grain size decreased from 40 µm to about 600 nm, and the hardness and strength of the specimen increased about 2 times in comparison with initial material. Static and dynamic toughness decreased about 62% and 30% after the first pass of ECAP, respectively. While, by increasing the pass number, the static toughness increased and dynamic toughness remained approximately constant. The fracture surface of specimens revealed that the fracture of all specimens was ductile. ECAP process caused a considerable increase in strength of Al-7075 (more than 100 percent), whereas, the toughness declined slightly during ECAP process (about 30 and 5 percent in dynamic and static toughness, respectively). So, it can be concluded that one the most advantages of ECAP process in comparison with common forming process is the notable improvement of strength without considerable sacrifice of toughness.
Volume 17, Issue 69 (1-2021)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is examining the writing skills in AMZA test in comparison with the two tests of the British National Curriculum Assessment (NCA) and National Curriculum assessment (NAEP) and analyzing the writing skills assessment and providing a model for evaluating writing skill and sub-skills. Comparison of these three tests showed that more sub-skills were considered in NAEP than the other two tests in the UK and Iran. The statistical sample is 270 high school graduates of Tehran. Their Manuscripts were corrected and analyzed based on a researcher-made evaluation table including 6 sub-skills and 17 micro-skills based on highlighting written sub-skills. Findings show that girls' writing skills were better than boys and experimental science graduates were better than the other two field's graduates. The manuscripts of humanities graduates are better in terms of "content". The manuscripts of experimental graduates are better in terms of "coherence" and mathematics graduates in terms of "grammar". The Inaccuracies of "grammar" in the manuscripts of humanities students, and "content" and "form" in mathematical and experimental sciences are also significant. These results show that proper writing training is essential. Standard assessments should be performed every year at all ages and levels of education. The results should be used to modify and complete the "writing" curriculum.
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