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Problem: This article unfolds a collective educational journey that while initially faced by serious doubts, ultimately received positive feedback from the students in an online urban design workshop.  During a rampant global pandemic, one of the two instructors communicating from overseas, who is experienced in teaching face-to-face courses, raised initial pedagogical concerns.
Aims: To remedy these, the two instructors dedicated the first part of the workshop to theorizing urban complexity.  Exposure to theory, while less common if not uncommon in design studios, removed the students’ initial misgivings.  Gaining student confidence boosted their spirit in crafting idiosyncratic interpretations based on personal memories, and paved the way toward assuming agency, and subsequently integrative learning.
Methods: This technique enabled students to connect discrete structural learning domains to produce more complicated outcomes, and by doing so experienced three states of mind.  Melting away initial doubts coincided with thematic arrangement.  Boosting confidence through conceptual connectivity and self-discovery, then, resulted in ebullience in designing through purposeful action.
Result: This article contributes to the scanty literature on coping mechanisms in the face of looming uncertainties both for students and instructors in teaching studios.

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Aims: Although physical activity has many health benefits during pregnancy, few women engage in regular physical activity. The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of a physical activity scale in pregnant women based on social cognitive theory.
Instrument & Methods: A multi-phase scale development method was used to build the scale. To generate a pre-final version of the instrument, face and content validity were measured at the following step. The validation of the instrument was evaluated through a sample of 240 pregnant women. Then, the construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha of the scale were calculated.
Findings: In the beginning, a 36-item scale was created by undertaking a qualitative phase. This number was lowered to 24 items after content validity. Seven factors emerged from the exploratory factor analysis (outcome expectations, outcome value, self-efficacy, social support, self-regulation, mutual determinant, and behavior) which accounted for 52% of the observed variance. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a model with a suitable fitness for the data. For the subscales, Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.83 to 0.94, and the Intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.80 to 0.88, which is within acceptable limits.
Conclusion: The findings showed that the psychometric properties of the physical activity scale is valid and reliable scale that can help us better understand aspects associated to physical activity in pregnant women. As a result, it has the potential to be employed in the future research.

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The black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, is a critical pest feeding on various host plants. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of kaolin on A. fabae and one of its natural enemies, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze). The investigation was carried out in Barkat broad bean cultivar during 2017-2019 in field and greenhouse conditions in Karaj, Iran. The experiment was conducted as a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. Kaolin (Sepidan^® WP %95) was tested at 3, 6, and 9%, and the sampling was carried out one day before application and three, six, nine, twelve, and fifteen days after application. As soon as the insects settled, kaolin foliar application began. The laboratory tests on black bean aphid showed the highest efficiency of kaolin 9% at 12 days after application, while the least was three days after application with kaolin 3%. Field trials indicated the highest efficiency of kaolin 9%, 9 days after application. Kaolin 9% caused the highest detrimental impact on H. variegata 15 days after foliar application.
 

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Aims Building information modeling (BIM) is a process based on three-dimensional model that has provided tools to change the educational and professional approach. The purpose of this study is to test an active and constructive educational structure with a focus on the BIM approach and the application of this method in promoting the performance and creativity of architecture students in building technology courses.
Methods The research test was performed by quasi-experimental method with experimental and control groups using pretest and posttest. Pre-test was performed by Torrance creativity test and two design tasks and Mann-Whitney U test was used for post-test.
Findings The findings of the analysis of pre-test results did not show a significant difference between the two groups. But by conducting a post-test, the experimental group in the indicators of concept technicality, coordination of executive issues, site technical plan, quantity and quality of phase two plans, executive details, presentation of design and overall score had a significant advantage over the control group.
Conclusion The results show that the use of the proposed educational method was effective in improving the overall performance of students in the experimental group and had a significant advantage over the performance of the control group. Regarding the promotion of studentschr('39') creativity, no significant difference and superiority was observed between the two groups, but the average ranks of students in the experimental group were significantly better than the control group. Therefore, the research results confirm the increase in studentschr('39') learning using this educational approach.

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This paper presents a gain scheduled autopilot for pitch channel of a flying vehicle. The selected method is based on polynomial fuzzy systems. The method does not involve linearization about operating point. First the polynomial fuzzy model of pitch channel of the flight body is derived. Next, using polynomial fuzzy system methodology the controller is design such that the outputs of the nonlinear plant drive to follow those of a stable reference model. Because of avoiding actuator saturation, some constraints derived that guarantees the amplitude of control signals be less than a specific threshold. It is considered that the controller has a known structure like three-loop autopilot. In other words the three-loop fuzzy polynomial autopilot is design to satisfy stability and performance of the closed loop system over a wide range of parameter variation. Stability and performance conditions derived in terms of sum of square will solve numerically via SOSTOOLS.
 
 

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This paper presents a probabilistic confidence-interval based method for optimal placement of shunt capacitors in distribution networks by considering probabilistic characteristics of loads. The main objective function are reducing loss and improving the voltage profile. Backward forward sweep method has been employed to obtain the power flow results in distribution system. In addition, Integer Harmony Search Algorithm has been used to solve the optimization problem. The probabilistic aspects of problem have been solved using point estimation (PE) method. The novelty of this paper is introducing a confidence interval index using Gram-Charlier expansion. This index shows the risk of system to violate its security constraints when loads are considered as stochastic random variables. Using this index, planners can find the optimal sitting and sizing of capacitors in distribution systems based on their desired level of risk. Verification of the proposed method has been tested on 33-bus radial distribution system. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed method.

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  In this study, the effect of different concentrations of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate (300 , 400, 500 ppm) on microbial characteristics (total count, mold and yeast) of dried sour cherry with moisture of 25 % was evaluated during 6 months storage at temperatures of 8, 22, 37 °C. Microbial characteristic of samples were evaluated in the 1th, 3th, 6th months. The results showed that the dried sour cherry which treated with potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate during the six months of storage in vacuum packages had no microbial spoilage. The results showed that by using sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate at optimum condition, the amount of mold and yeast  decreased from 11.67×10 cfu/gr (in control dried sour cherry) to 3.67×10cfu/gr and 3.33×10 cfu/gr respectively. Also, by using sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate at optimum condition, the amount of total count decreased from 2.13×10³ cfu/gr in control sample to 0.50×10³ cfu/gr and 1.23×10³ cfu/gr respectively. The amount of mold and yeast and total count were decreased by increasing concentrations of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate. By increasing temperature (from 8 to 37°C ) and time(1 to 6th month) due to the decomposition of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, antimicrobial effects of these compounds significantly decreased (p<0.05).

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Objective: Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 induces viral latency in neuron trigeminal ganglions. The late associated transcript (LAT) is uniquely expressed in infected neural cells, however no coding protein associated with these transcripts has been identified in infected cells. It has been shown that six microRNAs transcribed from LAT have the capabilities to affect the cell signaling pathways, thus interfering in pathways such as those of cell differentiation and proliferation. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway is a critical pathway among cell signaling circuits. The Smad4 protein, as an important member of the TGF-β signaling pathway, mediates the connection between membrane receptors, cytoplasmic kinases, and nuclear transcription factors. Methods: This study bioinformatically and experimentally evaluated LAT microRNA expression and assessed microRNA targeting of Smad4 transcripts in human neuroblastoma cells by using real-time PCR. Results: Analysis of two different softwares results showed that the Smad4 gene was targeted by LAT-derived microRNAs at multiple sites. Over-expression of LAT microRNAs in BE2(c) cells caused reduction in Smad4 transcripts. Conclusion: The results of bioinformatical analysis with relative quantification of Smad4 transcripts and its downstream-related genes such as cyclinD, CDK2, and Myc showed that the LAT transcript could control Smad4 expression.

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The Holy Qur'an is a heavenly prism that has attracted everyone's attention with its strange order, even polytheists, to the point where some attributed it to magic. Jurjani's theory of order is a theory that seeks to prove the linguistic miracle of the Holy Quran. This theory was proposed along with the view of some Mu'tazilis about the miracle of the Holy Qur'an, who said that the miracle of the Qur'an is not in its language, but rather in the fact that God does not allow anyone to bring the likeness of the Qur'an (theory of efficiency). In this theory, Jurjani considers order to be the same as searching for and finding the rhetorical subtleties of the Qur'an, and he relates eloquence and rhetoric to meaning, and calls the word a subordinate and servant of meaning. This article, with a descriptive analytical method and relying on Jurjani's theory of order, seeks to analyze Surah Mubarakah Hamad in order to validate this content that in this Surah, depending on the circumstances of the audience, the words are used in a special way, such as coming in the form of Ma'rafa and Nakrah. Back and forth, interjections, etc. are arranged to express their purpose in a proper way. Each word has its own special place, in such a way that if it is removed from its place and placed in another part, the order and proportion and ultimately the beauty and tenderness of the words will be lost and the intention of the theologian will remain unclear.

1. Introduction
Jorjani’s Theory of Nazm (Order), based on the existence of miracles in language engineering and the particular arrangement of words, seeks to prove the linguistic miracles of the Holy Quran, and it is against the view of some Motazelis who do not consider the miracles of the Quran in its language, but rather in the fact that God forbids bringing something like Quran (the theory of Sarfa). In the theory of order, Jorjani considers the miracle in applying the meanings of syntax and rhetorical subtleties of the Quran as among various aspects, and he relates eloquence and rhetoric to meaning and calls words subordinate and servants of the meaning. This paper aims to analyze Surah al-Hamd (Fathiha) and show its beauty with a descriptive-analytical method, relying on Jorjani’s theory of order. This study tries to answer the following two questions:

1. How is the beauty of order manifested in Surah al-Hamd?
2. What concepts and meanings are obtained by relying on the theory of order?

2. Literature Review
It seems that the beauty of the order in Surah Al-Hamd lies in the engineering of language and the coherence of its structure and words. This special order and structure provide a confirmation in accordance with the ideology of this Surah. Getting aware of the order in the verses through the coherent relationship between the words and the structure of the Surah naturally confirms the concepts of monotheism, prophethood, resurrection, judgment, destiny and sincerity of the audiences.
3. Methodology
Therefore, the present research is the first research that deals with the rhetorical miracle of this surah based on Jorjani’s theory, and during it, through rhetorical points, it examines the meanings and appropriateness of the verses and words and their relationship with regard to the overall structure.
4. Results
In examining Surah Al-Hamd based on the Theory of Order, the following results were obtained:
The chapter in the opening verses, such as the chapter of Allah from the rest of the universe in his oneness and proof of his oneness, is connected in the verse “thee do we serve and thee do we beseech for help” and its fit with the plural of the two verbs, indicates the sharing of humans in collective worship and, seeking help and proof of God’s oneness; chronology, praising, and criticizing in the noun clause at the verse " all praise is due to Allah, the lord of the worlds" is in proportion to the praise of God and praise is at the center of the speech. Precedence of the verb “serve” on the verb “beseech for help” is in proportion to the precedence of “Allah” on “the Lord” in terms of neat wrap and spread. Shortness, repetition, and deflection in the verse “thee do we serve and thee do we beseech for help” is in proportion to bowing to Allah and expressing the sincerity of the believers and their distance from hypocrisy and arrogance; and the use of such functions as adjective and substitute in “the beneficent, the merciful” and “the path of those upon whom you have favored” and the clear metaphor at the word “path” in the verse “guide us to the right path”; and definite  use of the words “Allah, the beneficent, the merciful, the right path, those upon whom, those who earn thine anger  and those who go astray” and taking advantage of present sentences with future verb in the verse “thee do we serve and thee do we beseech for help” and imperative verb in the verse “guide us to the right path” and proportion of the word “Al-hamd” with the word “Allah” as well as proportion of the word “Allah” with the verb “serve” and “those who earn thine anger” and “owner of the day of recompense” and proportion of the word “the Lord” with the verb “beseech for help” and “guide us” and other words with each other and proportion of all of them to the meanings and objectives of the surah are considerable. The coherent and regular structure and the special order of the words is such that it is not possible to remove a word from its place and replace it with another word, or to move the words, because the chain of order and coherence of the verses will be broken. The witness of this matter, in addition to the mentioned cases, is the word “recompense” in the verse “owner of the day of recompense” which cannot be replaced by the word “resurrection” because it will cause the intention of God to be hidden in this regard. Chronology, precedence and displacement in the verses “all praise is due to Allah, the lord of the worlds” and “thee do we serve and thee do we beseech for help” and the next verses verify this matter. The wonderful arrangement of words in this surah, as stated, are the manifestation of God’s beautiful and glorious attributes. Despite the shortness of Surah Al-Hamd, God has mentioned all the fundamental principles of religion, including monotheism, prophethood, resurrection, divinity and lordship, and the submission of righteous servants. And that is why this surah is nicknamed Mother of Quran or Fathiha of Quran.
 

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Nanotechnology has great potential applications in many fields such as chemistry, physics, material science, etc. In the recent years, due to the extraordinary properties of nanostructures, they are used in a wide range of nanodevices such as nanosensors, nanoactuators and nanocomposites. The effect of size on mechanical behavior of nanostructures whose size is comparable with molecule distances is important. Considering that classical continuum models are free scale and cannot capture the size effects, nonlocal continuum models are used for the analysis of mechanical properties of nanostructures. The nonlocal elasticity theory assumes that the stress at a reference point in the body depends not only on strain at that specific point, but also it depends on the strain at all other points. So, this theory contains long range interaction between atoms and internal scale length. This theory is capable to predict behavior of nanostructures without solving complicated equations. In the present work, the effect of considering small scale on the buckling of nanorings is studied. Governing equations are derived based on the nonlocal elasticity theory using the virtual displacement method and Hamilton's principle. Shear effect is achieved by Timoshenko beam theory. The governing equations are solved analytically. The effects of nonlocal parameter, radius, radius to thickness ratio and buckling mode number on the buckling loads of the nanorings are investigated.

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In this paper, tracking control synthesis problem for nonlinear polynomial discrete-time systems are studied. Proposed controller drives the plant such that the state vector of the plant follows those of a stable reference model. The objective is to design a controller such that the energy gains from the exogenous signals that are the reference signal and the state vector of the reference model, to the tracking error to be less or equal to prescribe thresholds. The main difficulty in the problem of designing tracking nonlinear discrete-time control law for the polynomial discrete time systems is that in general this problem may not be formulated as a convex problem. With proper selection of Lyapunov function and based on Lyapunov theory and by using sum of square approach, sufficient conditions for existence of controller are presented in terms of a feasibility SOS programming problem that can be solved using numerical solvers such as SOSTOOLS. Finally, the performance of proposed approach will be shown using the simulation of several examples.

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Objective: Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancer. In 2012, it was the second leading cause of cancer death for men worldwide. The PI3K/AKT pathway plays an essential role in pathogenesis of prostate cancer; the key role of this pathway in cancer progression makes it an attractive target for prostate cancer therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate gene expression have a special ability to simultaneously control multiple genes and pathways which make them candidates for therapeutics. This study aims to determine miRNAs which target the PI3K/AKT pathway and evaluate them in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: In order to determine an effective miRNA for the PI3K/AKT pathway, we assessed six genes from this pathway which have been proposed as drug targets in ten different prediction algorithms. Next, the candidate miRNAs were analyzed in expression profile and pathway analysis databases. Expression of candidate miRNAs in control and prostate cancer cell lines were subsequently evaluated. Results: According to bioinformatics, the miR-29 family could target the most genes from this list. Other bioinformatic estimates confirmed these results. The miR-29 family showed significant downregulation in prostate cancer cell lines LNCAP, PC3 and DU-145 compared to control samples. Conclusion: These results propose the possibility of using the miR-29 family to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway in prostate cancer.

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Energy and mass transfer investigations in thermal processing of fruits serve as a breakthrough in the design and scale up of drying systems. Diffusivity characteristics and specific energy consumption for drying of fig fruit in a laboratory scale microwave dryer were assessed. Several intervals for microwave power intensity including 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 W g^-1, and 6 levels of power on-off stated as pulsing ratios of 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 were employed. The results showed that the drying rate decreased with the pulsing ratio and increased with microwave power intensity. Effective moisture diffusivity as an indicator of mass transfer was obtained to be higher at elevated microwave power intensities. Also, increased pulsing ratios had a reducing effect on moisture diffusivity. Using 2^nd law of Fick, moisture diffusivity was calculated to be varying from 5.93E-10 to 1.42E-08 m² s^-1 depending on the experimental conditions. Furthermore, the activation energy of fig fruit was obtained to be in the range of 60.094 to 92.189 kJ mol^-1. Specific energy consumption variations showed a positive correlation with pulsing ratio and drying time. However, due to the dependence of energy consumption on MW power intensity, a multiple regression analysis with R² of 0.968 was developed.

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Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma comprises approximately 94% of all oral cavities. One reasons for this cancer is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) with different genotypes .Finding the most common genotypes will be helpful to control and prevent of spreading this cancer.
Materials and Method: 70 Paraffinated blocks were collected from cancer department of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran. All of these samples included histopathological report of dysplastic lesions .They weredeparaffinated.4 primers were designed for PCR .Then they were transferred to electrophoresis tank. Positive samples were sequenced by Mega 5.
Results: 8 HPV+ samples include of 3 HPV+6 and HPV+16 were found . HPV6 is the cause of genital warts that can spread by skin contact or oral- sexual behavior. 3 positive samples were found in women and the others were in men. (2% more in men) . People between 30 to45 are more sensitive for HPV than the other group. People up to 60 years old are sensitive too. All the samples were collected from different cities of Iran but most of the positive samples were found in Tehran and Islam Shahr.
Conclusion: These data confirm that HPV infection with high risk types (6, 16) could be one of the risk factors for oral cancer and it can spread by genital warts.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The combination of ribavirin and peg-interferon, as standard treatment for HCV infection, seems very promising. Many studies have revealed that despite following standard HCV treatment, a high proportion of HCV genotypes 1 and 4 poorly attain (42% to 46%) the SVR condition, whereas it is somehow easier for HCV genotypes 2 and 3 (76%-82%). Overall, genotypes 1 and 4 antiviral therapies must be continued up to one year to achieve SVR, whereas in individuals infected with genotypes 2 and 3 must continue therapy for six months. Since 2011, direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) have been introduced that target the HCV-encoded proteins which are vital for replication of the virus. The first generation of DAA, telaprevir, in combination with peg-interferon and ribavirin, more efficiently inhibits replication of genotype 1. Although the level of DAA SVR rate is high, the new treatment has some undesirable adverse effects. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs), as the new HCV drug approach, open a new insight into the treatment of non-responder HCV patients. Altered expression of miRNAs is involved in the aspects of HCV infection and HCC. In the current review, we attempt to better understand the HCV life cycle, liver miRNAs, and their role in this viral infection.

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Olive oil is a unique edible oil that has attracted attention due to its high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, pleasant taste, good stability, and special health benefits. In this study, the quality of virgin olive oils from the Arbequina, Mari, Shengeh, and Zard cultivars in the Tarem region was investigated, and the parameters of sterols, acidity, peroxide value, and iodine value were evaluated. Gas chromatography was used to determine and identify the sterols. The results showed that the amount of sterols in virgin olive oils from the Arbequina, Shengeh, Zard, and Mari cultivars differed significantly at the 5% level. The most abundant sterols found in all cultivars were beta-sitosterol, delta5-avenasterol, and campesterol. The free acidity level in the Mari cultivar had the highest amount, while the Arbequina cultivar had the lowest amount. The highest peroxide value was observed in the Zard cultivar, while the lowest was observed in the Mari cultivar. Finally, it can be concluded that the quality parameters evaluated for the Arbequina, Shengeh, Zard, and Mari cultivars were within the allowable standard range, and there was no significant difference in quality among these cultivars.
 

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Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), belonging to the Rosaceae family, is a unique species. One of the major and popular growing regions of Damask rose is Kashan and its rose essential oil has unique scent and global reputation. The aim of this study was to compare the variation that naturally exists in quantity and quality of essential oils in different populations and selection of the best population. Unfortunately, there is inadequate information about flower oil yield of different populations of R. damascena from different regions of Kashan. Therefore, flowers of R. damascena Mill. were collected from fifteen important rose oil production regions of Kashan, Iran. The chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. As a result, based on the dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis of chemical component data, fifteen R. damascena populations were grouped into three clusters. A total of fifty-five compounds were identified and quantified by GC–MS analysis in the rose oil. The essential oil contents (w/w) were ranged from 0.0020% to 0.0190% after isolation in Clevenger apparatus. The major components of the oil contained limonene (0.4–12.8%), 2-phenylethyl alcohol (1.0–1.3%), citronellol (16.2–57.8%), geraniol (0.9–14.1%), methyleugenol (0.5–2.5%), heptadecane (0.8–3.0%), 1-nonadecene (2.1–7.5%), nonadec-9-ene (14.9–30.2%), eicosane (1.0–3.3%), heneicosane (5.8–18.6%), tricosane (0.9–5.2%), and pentacosane (0.3–2.1%). The essential oil of Josheghan was considered to have a high quality in terms of richness in citronellol, geraniol, and 2-phenylethyl alcohol monoterpenes and has good potentials as antioxidant and strong fragrance in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.