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One of the most important issues that organizations face is how to motivate employee to perform their roles well, thus ensuring that organization to retain its effectiveness. Indeed, specific set of employees' behaviors, discretionary ones that employees perform for organization that can significantly affect on organization’s success specifically. These behaviors are called organizational citizenship behaviors, defined as discretionary work behaviors that that have not been recognized directly or explicitly by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate, they promote the functioning of the organization. In this study has tried to investigate relationships between organization ethical values, organizational justice, organizational commitment, ethical behavior and organizational citizenship behaviors in Staff part employees of Payam Nour University (Tehran branch). In respect to purpose, this study is applied and in respect to doing method and data collection, is descriptive-analytic. LISREL and structural equation model were used for testing the hypotheses. The results of this study indicated that organization ethical values positively affects on procedural and distributive justice. Procedural and distributive justice positively affects on organizational commitment. Also organizational commitment positively affects on ethical behavior. Ethical behavior positively affect on sportsmanship and altruism dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors.

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The fauna of Cephidae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Cephoidea) is reported from Iran based on literature records and specimens collected. Totally, 15 species and subspecies of six genera, Calameuta Konow (three species), Cephus Latreille (five species), Phylloecus Newman (two species), Pachycephus Stein (two subspecies), Syrista Konow (one species) and Trachelus Jurine (two species), are listed. Phylloecus niger (Harris, 1776), Pachycephus smyrnensis smyrnensis Stein, 1876 and Trachelus libanensis (André, 1881) are recorded from Iran for the first time.

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A survey of the »change management literature« shows numerous prerequisites for a successful change, but reveals very little a bout how it can be achieved. If such prerequisites are not included in a change program, the change process will be encountered by what is often termed »resistance to change«, and ended in failure and frustration. Some scientists and practitioners argue that there is utility in resistance, but lack of change management models and theories actually impede to use the resistance advantages. »The Theory of Constraints (TOC)« is one of the theories views resistance as a necessary and positive element in any change process, arguing that managers need to identify resistance and use it to test and hone change strategies and action plans, to acheive a full and successful change implementation. The purpose of this article is to briefly describe TOC and its application in change menagement Also how to identify the various types of resistance against change and how to control them is described and handled within the framework of TOC Finally, by using thinking process tools of this theory, the utilizing model of behavior change is designed.

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The phenolic compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extracted by two methods (solvent and ultrasound-assisted) with five solvents (acetone, methanol, ethanol, water and ethyl acetate) were compared with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The total phenolic compounds were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using tannic acid as standard. The overall results showed that acetone with sonication produced the maximum amount of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel extracts (PPE). Furthermore, the effect of the acetone extract of pomegranate peel (0.010-0.050 %) on the stability of soybean oil during heating at 60oC (oven test method) was determined by measuring peroxide and thiobarbitoric acid values. At a 0.050 % level of pomegranate peel extract, its antioxidant activity was greater than 0.02 % of the two synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The pomegranate peel extract possessed a relatively high antioxidant activity and might be considered as a rich source of natural antioxidant.

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Nowaday, understanding the reasons of successes and failures are a necessity for organizations survival and performance. Organizations need to learn from their own experiences and the other organizational experiences. Experiences documentation is one of the key issue to increase the organizational knowledge and learning through using the relevant experiences in business and also the organizational performance. In order to accumulate, document, distribute and use effective of organizational experiences, it is necessary to design an appropriate structure and framework. Therefore, this paper first reviews the related literature and theoretical bases. Then components and attributes of documentation system, evaluation system, reward system and distribution system are identified and explained. Accordingly a conceptual structure for organizational experiences documentation (SOED) is developed. The suggested structure is verified according to the view of experts.

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Aims: The accumulation of free radicals in the body leads to damages to cellular biopolymers through oxidative stress. Due to the increasing proliferation of heavy metals in soil and water environments, finding efficient methods for diagnostic detection and measurement of heavy metals in contaminated environments is very important. Cell-based biosensors can produce a measurable signal in response to specific chemical or physical agent in their environment. In this study, stable hepatoma Huh7 ARE-reporter cell line was developed containing luciferase gene with the aim of monitoring lead toxicity. This biosensor is reported to be able to detect lead by expressed signal which is measurable. The luciferase assay and Real time-PCR were performed.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, the Huh7-1x-ARE-luc was stably transferred in to the Huh7 cells and transfected cells were selected. After 5 passages, stable clones were isolated to confirm plasmid entrance. Luciferase activity of the Huh7-1x-ARE-luc cell line was performed with 0-80μM lead concentration to induce oxidative stress response. Cell viability was assessed by MTT.  With Real time PCR, AREKEAP1 pathway gene expression were detected. Statistical analysis was performed by ΔCt method, using graphpad prism 6 software.
Findings: The gene expression of the reporter gene increased with increasing oxidative stress. Reducing the expression of the reporter gene was observed after 30 μM. 35 μM lead inhibited 50% cell metabolism. Expression of antioxidant pathway genes was significantly increased in 30 μM leaded cells compared to control gene.
Conclusion: The biosensor prepared from Huh7-1x-ARE-luc cell line of the reporter gene can be a convenient and efficient means for measuring oxidative compounds such as heavy metals such as lead.

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Tea and sesame seed oils extracted by different methods (including supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), at a pressure of 350 atm, a temperature of 60oC, a static extraction time of 20 minutes, a dynamic extraction time of 30 minutes and 150 g kg-1 of ethanol as a modifier). Solvent (SE) and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UE)), as natural anti-oxidants, were evaluated during 15 days storage by monitoring their effects on refined sunflower oil at 60oC. The peroxide value (PV) and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were used to assess the antioxidant activity of these extracted oils. The highest extraction yields were from SE and SFE, while UE gave a lower yield. Considering oil extraction yield and antioxidant activity, SE and SFE were the preferred methods. The results showed that tea seed oil had strong antioxidant activity, which was almost equal to sesame oil. Therefore, tea seed oil can be used in the same way as sesame seed oil in fat, oil and other food products as a natural antioxidant to suppress lipid oxidation.

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The conditions for the refinement of clarified sugarcane juice, including temperature (50o, 60o and 70oC) and pressure (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 bars) by micro-filtration membrane technology were investigated. The raw sugarcane juice was initially pre-filtrated with lime and then the juice obtained (clarified juice) processed using a ceramic micro-filter mem-brane (0.2 micrometer). The characteristics investigated included brix, polarity (sucrose percent), turbidity, color and purity. The results showed that the effects of different proc-ess conditions with micro-filtration on reduction of turbidity and color were significant at probably <0.01 and probably <0.05, respectively. For other characteristics, no significant difference was observed. Finally, a temperature of 70oC and transmembrane pressure of 1.5 bar were determined as the optimum conditions for ceramic micro-filtration. Mem-brane processing at 70oC and 1.5 bars reduced the turbidity, viscosity and color of clari-fied juice 56.25%, 16.67% and 6.49%, respectively, and increased 0.87 units of purity.

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The engines of software movement in Iran are universities and research institutions. This movement, reflected in scientific production, is a product of basic, applied and evaluation research. PH.D and master degree students can play an important role in scientific production. Student’s dissertations and scientific papers can be a channel for rendering Iran scientific products. Indeed, universities not only transfer knowledge but also by academic researches, create knowledge and disseminate it in society. This created knowledge (Theory) must be evaluated. Therefore, in this paper, first we will discuss relationship between knowledge and theory, then offer a short viewpoint about concept of theory and building bricks of it and suggest some criteria for evaluating new theories in social science.

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Concrete sleeper as an important component of super-structure has a remarkable role in proper performance of ballasted track. Nowadays, railroads companies of the world are willing to increase strength of concrete sleepers and use new solutions for repairing and rehabilitation of these elements with low cost. Sleeper damage is usually occurred in forms of cracks that have appeared by repetitive loadings and thermal effects. Corrosion of reinforcement tendons in some special regions is another problem that causes serious damage in sleeper. Since these concrete elements are being exposed to various weather conditions, enhancing their resistance against corrosion and improving their durability has a great importance as well. there are many ways to improve concrete characteristics like using FRP by covering concrete in regions that have high stress, but this solution will not increase corrosion resistance.Using epoxy resins that can be sprayed as nano material on concrete is another way to reduce permeability, but it is an expensive way. One of the useful and cost benefit ways to increase the corrosion resistance and reduce the cracks extension is using Poly-Propylene fibers in mixture of concrete. Many researchers have been studied on using Poly-Propylene fibers in mixture of concrete and shotcrete.these reasearches are presented below : reaseraches  have been accomplished on using Poly-Propylene fibers in shotcrete.the results have shown that rebounding of shotcrete has been being decreased 30% volume of cement, and cracks have been being decreased about 20% .In case of fiber reinforced concrete also reasearches  have been accomplished the result of  test on a concrete cube; the compression strength of specimens till 28 days ,  decreases but it increases till the day 90.As mentioned, many researches have been accomplished on using Poly-Propylene fibers in mixture of concrete and shotcrete. Moreover the Poly-Propylene fibers can control the propagation and extension of the surface cracks. Regarding SEM results, this increase is due to enlargement of Poly-Propylene fibers that can fill micro cracks, and of course the bonding of the concrete structure will be enhanced. Considering the significant effect of Poly-Propylene fibers on concrete behavior, the current research is devoted to investigating the influence of Poly-Propylene fibers on improving the electrical resistance, tensile and flexural strengths of the concrete in sleeper. In this matter an optimal value of 0.7 kg/m3 of Poly-Propylene fibers was achieved during the laboratory tests on fresh and hardened concrete, including 72 laboratory specimens.

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Changes in the fatty acid content, during frozen storage at -24°C of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum), golden grey mullet (Liza aurata), common carp (Caprinus carpio), pike perch (Sander lucioperca) and common kilka (Clupeonella cultiventris caspia), caught from south Caspian Sea were studied in the present work. Changes in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ecosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid/palmitic acid (EPA+DHA/C16), n3 PUFA/n6 PUFA (n3/n6) and polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) were investigated during a six month period. Results indicated that due to the decrease in unsaturated fatty acids particularly PUFAs (9.25-23.03%), and lower ratios of n3/n6 (2.02-6.06), EPA+DHA/C16 (polyene index; 0.21-0.65) and PUFA/SFA (0.18-0.64) the poststorage nutritional values of these species significantly decrease.

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Objective: Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the most important reproductive diseases in women under 40 years of age, which affects the quality of life and longevity of these people by causing short-term and long-term complications.
The incidence of POF is a chronic process that takes several years to develop. The patient went through stages such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and decreased ovarian reserve (DOR), in the early stages of the disease decreased ovarian function efficiency (POI) and then with further progression of the disease, the patient decreased ovarian reserve and further reduce their performance. As the disease progresses, the person eventually develops premature and complete ovarian failure, or POF studies have shown that many factors, including surgical trauma, autoimmune diseases, certain drugs, vaccines, and genetic factors, play a role. Genetic studies have shown that several genes are involved in the development of this disease. Part of the regulation of the expression of these genes is the responsibility of small genetic factors called miRNAs.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, bioinformatics information of miRNAs involved in this disease was investigated. For this purpose, genetic databases such as UCSC, NCBI, KEGG, MIRBASE, TARGET SCAN, STRING, etc. were used to access the genes involved in this disease, structural and functional communication, messaging pathways and regulatory miRNA.
Results and Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that three factors, miRNA-187, miRNA-33b and miRNA-33a, are very effective in the development and progression of this disease.

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Phenolic compounds, especially those of plant origin, constitute an essential part of the human diet, and are of considerable interest due to their antioxidant properties. In this study, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), as well as Maceration Extraction (ME) methods were applied for phenolic compounds’ extraction from pistachio green hull. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions as regards the yield of the compounds. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to investigate the effects of three independent variables, namely liquid-to-solid ratio (8-20 times), temperature (25-65 °C) and time (5-45 minutes) on the dependent variable (level of total phenolic compounds). The results indicated that within the same extraction time, the extraction yield through UAE was higher than those in ME and MAE methods. Correlation coefficients (R2) of the models for UAE, MAE and ME methods were 0.95, 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. The optimal conditions for extraction of phenolic compounds from pistachio green hull through ME, UAE, and MAE methods were 20(v/w), 65°C, 45 minutes; 20(v/w), 65°C, 25 minutes; and 20(v/w), 65°C, 45 minutes, respectively. Under optimized conditions the experimental values well agreed with the values predicted by the proposed models.

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The present study explores the chemical constitution and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Artemisia dracunculus L. and the flower heads of Matricaria chamomilla L. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of (Z)-anethole (51.72%), (Z)-β-ocimene (8.32%), methyleugenol (8.06%), limonene (4.94%) and linalool (4.41%) in Artemisia dracunculus and (E)-β-farnesene (24.19%), guaiazulene (10.57%), α-bisabolol oxide A (10.21%), α-farnesene (8.7%) and α-bisabolol (7.27%) in M. chamomilla L.. The antioxidant activity (AOA) of the essential oils was investigated using DPPH• (2, 2′-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. The essential oil EC50 values were determined as 3.19±0.13 and 5.63±0.20 mg ml-1 for A. dracunculus and M. chamomilla, respectively. Further, the A. dracunculus L. essential oil (ADEO) and M. chamomilla L. essential oil (MCEO) were able to reduce the oxidation rate of soybean oil under accelerated conditions at 60 °C (oven test).

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Changes in the fatty acid composition and biochemical indices of mackerel (which has a substantial lipid content) and shark (which has negligible lipid content) fillets stored at - 18°C for up to six months were measured. Lipid content was measured (6.35% and 1.38%) in mackerel and shark, respectively; however it decreased during frozen storage in both fish species. In analysis of fatty acids the amount of PUFA, especially
-3 ones, was more predominant in mackerel than shark, nevertheless, fatty acid composition has changed in both species during frozen storage. The amount of saturated fatty acids in contrast with unsaturated fatty acids increased due to oxidation of PUFA. The decrease in PUFA compounds (40.1% and 23.94%) was as follows:
-3 (48% and 42.83%),
-3/
-6 ratio (41.36% and 50%), PUFA/SFA ratio (56% and 42.23%) and EPA+DHA/C16 ratio (55.55% and 46.66%) in mackerel and shark, respectively. For both species, tiobarbituric acid (TBA), peroxide (PV), free fatty acids (FFA) and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) values were significantly (P< 0.05) increased with storage time. The results showed that, among these indices, changes in the PV and TBA in mackerel were significantly (P< 0.05) larger than in shark; but changes of FFA and TVB-N in shark were significantly (P< 0.05) higher than in mackerel. It means that oxidative and hydrolytic deterioration are promoter factors of biochemical changes in mackerel and shark, respectively.

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Virgin olive oil due to having unsaturated fatty acids is exposed to various types of corruptions such as enzymatic reactions and lipid oxidation. One way to prevent oxidation of oils and fats is addition of antioxidants. Rosemary due to phenolic compounds and other antioxidant compounds have antioxidant as well. In this study, the extraction phenolic compounds of rosemary leaves in virgin olive oil with was performed using by ultrasonic technique. In this method, rosemary leaves with three levels (5, 7 and 10%) and three ultrasonic times (10, 15 and 20 minutes) were added to the olive oil. Phenolic compounds present in the extracts, was measured. The results showed that in the ultrasonic method the sample of virgin olive oil with 10% rosemary and 10 minute extraction time has the highest total polyphenols (457.59 ppm). In this case study the effect of this extract in retarding oxidation of virgin olive oil during the 4-month by determining the peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid, oxidative stability, at the end of each month were reviewed. After four months keeping, the ultrasonic's peroxide number, the thiobarbituric acid (20.75meq O₂/kg oil, 1.32 molonaldehyde/kg oil, respectively) significantly decreased. The results of antioxidant activity of the extracts using rancimat method showed that during the period of induction at 110 °C  in the ultrasonic's sample (29.10 hours) with respect to control's sample (6.28 hours) are increased. The acidity value of the ultrasonic's sample (2.05 FFA %) and thermal's sample (1.84 FFA %) are less than the control's (3.18 FFA %). Measurement results showed that the amount of chlorophyll pigments within ultrasonic's sample (1.4mg/kg) had the highest value and with respect to control's sample (0.63mg/kg) had high value. Also in the sensory evaluation, the ultrasonic's sample has top rated in terms of taste, odor, bitter and won general acceptance. Therefore, the phenolic compounds in the olive oil containing rosemary and extracted by ultrasonic method, be able to retard the oxidation process well. Thus, rosemary can be recommended as a source of natural antioxidants for increase virgin olive oil oxidative stability.  

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The drying behavior and characteristics of date paste were studied at temperatures of 60, 70, and 80ºC as thin layer with sample thicknesses of 1, 1.5, and 2 cm in a laboratory scale vacuum chamber. Modeling of drying kinetics of date paste was investigated based on the specific temperatures and sample thicknesses. The experimental moisture loss data were fitted to eight thin layer drying models available in the literature. The modified Henderson-Pabis, Verma, and Jena-Das models showed better fitness to the experimental drying data compared to the other models. The effective moisture diffusivity ranged between 6.0854×10-8 and 4.868×10-7 m2 s-1. Effective diffusivity increased with the increase in temperature and sample thickness. The temperature dependence of effective moisture diffusivity was expressed by an Arrhenius type equation.