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Aime: The healing landscape in today's turbulent, stressful and dense world that is the result of environmental crises is one of the approaches that reduce the physical, mental and social illnesses of citizens in space following today's turbulent, stressful and dense world resulting from environmental crises. Is, has come into being, becomes. Historical and contemporary architectural spaces have different effects on landscape healing according to their construction pattern.
Methods: The present research is based on the nature and scope of the subject in the field of applied and developmental research and in terms of research method is descriptive-analytical which has been done in a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) way. Qualitative analysis of the article is based on observations and indicators affecting healing and then in order to adapt the analyzed indicators to prioritize them based on the opinion of respondents who have been users of study gardens with a coefficient of variation. The statistical population includes all users of Delgsha garden space and family. The sample size is 100 people (minimum descriptive analysis threshold) who are randomly selected.
Finding: Based on the acceptable results, it was observed that a comparative study of the components affecting the landscape healing in historical and contemporary gardens can lead to a pattern of spatial construction in which the components of landscape healing are important.
conclusion: The results indicate that in the traditional garden of Delgosha, spatial clarity, selection, solitude and experience of controlling garden affairs, readability, social interaction and mobility of other indicators were more important for the subjects. While in the contemporary garden of the family, spatial mobility, social interaction, spatial diversity, green plant species and spatial resolution were more important than other indicators for the subjects.

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Aims: In Tehran, which is a city born in the modern era and is always open to immigration, establishing a meaningful relationship between the urban space/architectural bodies and citizens has been one of the most important design and planning challenges. The demographic structure and buildings undergo dramatic changes at a high speed, and citizens find fewer points of support to recreate themselves and their memories with them.

Methods: Research paradigm is interpretive and the approach is quantitative. The collected data through a survey study is analyzed with statistical tests. Data analysis is done through descriptive-analytical research design and the validity of the research model has been measured thorough exploratory factor analysis.

Findings: In the dimension of “spatial practice”, “physics and the structure of space” followed by “the structure of signs”, have gained the most points. The respondents are able to understand the relationships of the components and the language that conveys the meanings in experienced spaces. In the dimension of “representation of space”, “ideology and mental preconceptions” has the highest score, which means that the respondents interfere their mentalities in judging the qualitative values of the space. In the “representational space”, the “social perception” has the highest average which means that people have given importance to their psychological needs in the experience of the public space alongside other citizens.

Conclusion: The phenomenological dimensions of space in the realm of cultural uses can be counted and evaluated in a way that is concreted in people's lived experience of space. This can significantly affect the planning of urban spaces and the design of architectural bodies.

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The establishment of new Isfahan by Shah Abbas was the climax of Safavid architecture. Isfahan wasn’t a new built Islamic city. Actually new capital was constructed beside the ancient city by safavid monarchs aimed to show the glory and Victory of Shiite Islam as opposed to Ottoman dynasty’s capital city. Safavid developed the city Space and added new urban areas to previous one , but new development was aimed to exhibit a great vision of Shiite capital that show both the religious belief and the power of Safavid Dynasty. The main part of new development is Naghsh e Jahan square as the greatest example of Persian Architecture in which the most important public buildings organized around the square: on one side stands the Shah›s mosque , on the other one the Shah›s oratory, called the mosque of Sheikh Lutfallah , opposite side, Ali Qapu royal pavilion that opens in behind onto a large pleasure walkway (Chahar Bagh) and the grand bazaar led to the old mosque on Fridays, the symbolic relationship of religion , government and trade as the various social Factors in public life. This urban square is the most significant and most elegant composition of Safavid world view and Isfahan School philosophical belief to combine the Mystical and religious aspects of human life with everyday life, as a representation of most important Islamic orders that reject the retreating of everyday life in order to worship god. Cooperation a large number of artists and philosophers Shaped one of the most significant periods of Iranian art and architecture in the Safavid capital and the architecture of Isfahan in Safavid era is an obvious sample that shows the close relationship between architecture and philosophy. Affected by thoughts of philosophical school of Isfahan, previous rules of architectural and urban design changed and the role of the audience in perception of space became more important than before. Probably in this period the pure Shiite architecture was represented in all levels, from urban space to architectural atmosphere and even architectural ornaments, but the most important innovation of Architectural design of this era was the enhancement of Audience role as a part of meaning making process of spaces. In other word, Isfahan Safavid Architecture participate persons with their spatial flow of Dynamic spaces to show and allow him to practice the metaphysical sense of Architectural concepts in various contexts from urban area to interior spaces. In this way, the form and space arrangement designed to fulfill the designer’s aim simultaneously. this paper focuses on the combination of form and spatial arrangement design in sheikh Lutfallah mosque how leads in to a new concept , in which not only the structure doesn’t comply with site limitation or inner architectural design necessities, but also the asymmetrical arrangement of dome and main portal contradict main Islamic design principles , in order to create a symmetrical that changes the audience usual mental / visual behavior to understand the building concept and right spatial flow of unusual interior design. Sheikh Lutfallah mosque was the first structure constructed in the new Isfahan. Around the mihrab are the names of the Twelve Shi’i Imams, and the inscription contains the names of Shaykh Lutfallah, Ostad Muahmmad Reza Isfahani (the engineer), and Baqir al- Banai (the calligrapher who wrote it). Its construction stretched over sixteen long years. Mihrab date’s show that it was completed around 1618. The plan of this mosque is rather unusual , compared with the Shah Mosque, the design of the Sheikh Lutf Allah Mosque is quite simple. There is no courtyard and there are no interior iwans. The building itself consists of a flattened dome resting on a square dome chamber. Though, in contranst to the simple structure of this mosque, the decoration of both interior and exterior is exceedingly complex, and in its construction the finest materials were used and the most talented craftsmen employed. Ali Reza Abbasi, the leading calligrapher at the court of Shah Abbas , has decorated the entrance, above the door , with majestic inscriptions with the names and titles of Shah Abbas, the Husayni and the Musavi, that is , the descendants of Imams Husayn and Musa.The inscriptions of the Mosque reflect matters that were preoccupying the shah around the time it was built ; namely the need to define Twelver Shiism. In Sheikh Lutfallah Mosque , the emphasis on the role of theaudience and his participation in process of perception of space seems that has been done by creating a dynamic equilibrium method. Placement of the dome and portico of this mosque, Is such that the audience faces from the beginning with a series of interconnected perceptions linked so makes it possible to detect the concept of interior space within the outdoor area. This study tries to show how this continual perception process designed to shape the audience perception to understand the building as continuity. Article tries to show the role of dynamic equilibrium visual perception of outdoor form of building and inner spaces to create this sense and how the asymmetrical placement of dome in relation to mosque portal creates that. Research used descriptive –analytical method and library resources , to show the reasoning process of this different architectural design as a case study that changes the lateral symmetry and static equilibrium design as a dominant rule in Persian architecture to create a special relationship between audience and building in Shah Abbas’ private mosque as an important building of Isfahan school of Safavid architecture. Results shows that environmental constraints and square master plan don’t play any role in shaping the mosque plan and the designers have a clear goal to change it to achieve their special spatial and visual structure they intend derived from views of philosophy school of Isfahan. The buildings in whole, is such that audience as subject, be faced with a set of continual dynamic equilibrium that shapes audience perceptions so he would become part of process that create the meaning of space.

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The aim of this article is to review the process of plan changes from rectangular shapes to square, and the reasons for these changes through the Achaemenid dynasty. The innovation of using square plans in the second stage of Achaemenid architecture progressed with its developed style that fatherly left influence on domes construction in Parthian architecture. The ideology of “Darius The Great” and the impact of affiliated nations on his intellect were the reasons, for which the transformation of pre - Achaemenid rectangular to square plans was occurred. The cited phenomenon was studied to be the result of Greek’s cultural impression, regarding the use of numbers and figures in plans. Square plans stepped into Persian architecture as the perfect shapes with respect to Pythagorean philosophy and beliefs of some intellectuals, such as Plato. Square plans were, moreover, adapted to create a new style of architecture; since, they were the bases on which domes were constructed. 

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چکیده: برای درک آثار هنری یک عصر و بنیادهای موثر بر آن، کشف رابطه بین تصویر و رخدادهای اجتماعی برای کشف دلایل تولید آنها ضروری می‌نماید. از اینرو، پژوهش حاضر سعی در تبیین رابطه‌ی میان تصاویر یک دوره و عناصر مختلف اجتماعی، فرهنگی و سیاسی مؤثر بر آن را دارد. در تاریخ ایران در غالب موارد هنر وابسته به دربار و به عنوان بیانیه‌ای بازتاب دهنده قدرت و اندیشه‌های حاکم در جامعه است و تولید و بازتولید آن مبتنی بر نیازهای حکومت به رسانه‌های تصویری برای بیان ایده‌های مورد نظر خود است. به این منظور، مورد بررسی در این پژوهش، دوره‌ی ساسانی به عنوان نقطه اوج دوره‌ی گفتمانی ایران پیش از اسلام و یکی از دوره‌های طولانی دارای چالش‌های گوناگون از منظر قدرت و مشروعیت انتخاب شده و از بین رسانه‌های تصویری و هنری آن سکه‌ها مورد نظر بوده که شواهد زیادی از تغییرات بازنمایی تصویری را آشکار می‌سازند. مورد بررسی خاص این پژوهش، سکه‌های دوره قباد اول و جاماسب در سیر زمانی خلع قباد اول از قدرت به واسطه ظهور فرقه مزدکیه، جانشینی جاماسب و رسیدن مجدد قباد اول به سلطنت و تغییرات تصویری سکه‌های پادشاهان مزبور در طی این دوره بوده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که این پادشاهان در طی دوره‌های مزبور با قصد افزایش اقتدار و مشروعیت خود، از عناصر و نمادهای ریشه دار در عقاید زردشتی، به منظور شکل دادن به سیمای تصویری این امر بهره می‌برند . واژه‌های کلیدی: هنر ساسانی، سکه‌‌های ساسانی، قباد اول، جاماسب، قدرت و مشروعیت.

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The estimation of Tobin’s Q Investment function is the aim of the present paper. One of the most important challenges of investment for a firm is finance. In the real world, since there is no perfect capital market, the costs of financing through internal and external resources are not equal and friction problem occurs in investment decisions. In this paper, a dynamic investment model is estimated in context of Tobin’s Q theory. This model accounts for 3 identifiable financial frictions, i.e., convex costs of issuing equity, overhang from outstanding debt and collateral constraints. The model is estimated with reference to capital and financial markets in Iran based on Hennessy et al (2007) approach using panel data of 19 companies during 2000-2009. The GLS and GMM methods are used for estimating and comparing the models.

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This paper focuses on the dynamic modeling of quadrotor with respect to changes in operating conditions. The main objective of this investigation is to provide complete governing quadrotor dynamic equations using the Euler-Lagrange method considering all aerodynamic forces which affect it's motion. In previous papers, dynamical equations are never considered comprehensively. The study of quadrotor's dynamics permits to understand it's physics and behavior and provides a precise model of the system. Once such a model is obtained, the control of quadrotor turns much simpler than current inaccurate models. In order to take into account, the set of forces and torques involved in quadrotor dynamics, the previous studies are used and after describing each of the forces and their precise terms, the complete dynamic quadrature model is presented. At the end, the system's performance is simulated in two different operating conditions, one regardless of the external object coupled with quadrotor, and the other in the coupled condition with a camera, and by this means, the achieved dynamic model is validated. In the first operating conditions in two different tests, the dynamic equations of the present work will be compared against the previous ones. In the second operating conditions, the quadrotor performance under influence of a connected camera whose motion changes continuously the system dynamic equations is studied.