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This study strived to specify and particularize Iranian medical field specialists and EFL teachers’ predominant and overriding textual interventions, which fall within the ambit of convenience editing. To this end, we required 20 field specialists and 20 EFL instructors to edit the unedited versions of 80 published medical research articles in a way that rendered them apt for publication in quality medical journals. We categorized the obtained data of the edited articles using an editing strategy framework that distinguished four editing micro-strategies and five macro-strategies. The findings revealed that medical specialists and EFL teachers’ micro-editing strategies outnumbered their macro-editing ones. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the editing micro-strategy uses of the above-mentioned groups of the participants. The results highlighted the need for a synergic collaboration between the medical field specialists and the EFL teachers to ameliorate medical articles’ formal, stylistic, and genre-related features and to expedite their publication process. 

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Employing Construction Morphology (CM), the present study aims to examine the Persian compound words, ending in the verb stem “bast”. The data is comprised of 51 compound words and 1791 attested sentences. The latter body of data comes from various reliable sources, including the diachronic corpus of Farhangyar-e Zaban-e Farsi, the synchronic corpus of Persian Language Database, Bijankhan Corpus, Iranian Geographical Dictionary, Zansou Dictionary (1372), Dehkhoda Dictionary (1377), Persian Wikipedia webpage, and Google webpages. The findings suggest that semantic variations of these compounds figure in the concepts of Action, Location, and Instrument. Accordingly, the dominating schema and sub-schemas of theses words, and their relations are described. The study also suggests that approximation- along with metaphoric and metonymic extensions- has a role in the expansion of the schema.

 1. Introduction
Compounding is recognized as one of the most productive word formation processes in many languages (Haspelmath, 2002). Likewise, in Persian, compounding refers to a predominant morphological process. This study analyzes the compounding structure represented through the underlying conceptual construction [X-past stem of the verb]. In this construction, a nonverbal element is combined with an adjective, a verb, or a noun, producing compound words such as 'darbast,' 'pishkharid,' 'salkhord,' 'adamizad,' 'dastpokht,' and 'rahavard.' In Persian morphology, the schematic construction [x-bast] has appeared to be one of the most productive constructions. This construction allows for the categorical distinctions and semantic variations of the compound words based on [x-bast] structure. 
Research Question(s)
The present study addresses the following research questions: 
1.    What semantic variations can be observed in the Persian compound words ending in past verbal stem [bast]? 
2.    What schematic construction underlies the [x-bast] structure?

2. Literature Review
There is a vast body of scholarly work in the literature addressing word formation processes in Persian. What is more, a massive body of literature that is concerned with the formation of the structure of compound words in Persian, including Kalbasi (1992), Asii (1992), Maghrebi (1993), Dabir Moghadam (1997), Mahoutian (1999), Sadeghi (2004), Tabatabai (2002, 2003, 2006, 2007), Khabaz (2007), and Shaghaghi (2007). However, only scant attention has been directed toward the study of semantic variations and schema of compound words in Persian including, Imani et al. (2017), Imani and Rafiei (2018), Azimdokht et al. (2017), Azimdokht and Rafiei, (2018), and Azimdokht (2018).
3. Methodology
This research is designed based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The analyses are carried out using both diachronic and synchronic corpora. Following the collection and categorization of data, we examined the semantic variations and the cognitive mechanisms underlying these variations. Ultimately, we presented the schematic structure [X-past stem of the verb “bast”]  In so doing, we utilized Constructional Morphology (Booij, 2010) and the variation continuum (Heine et.al., 1991), as our theoretical and analytical frameworks to analyze the data and examine the semantic structures along with their variations. The dataset for this study is comprised of compound words ending in the past stem “bast”. We collected the data from various resources including the Farhangyar Persian language corpus, the Persian language database, the Bijan-Khan corpus, the Iranian Geographical Dictionary, the Zansou Dictionary (1993), the Dehkhoda Dictionary (1998), and the Persian Wikipedia webpage. Additionally, the Google search engine was employed to identify neologisms resulting from the [x-stem “bast”] construction."

4. Results
The analysis of 51 compound words ending in the stem 'bast' and 1,791 attested sentences reveals that the semantic variations of words within this morphological pattern reveal in terms of action nouns, locative nouns, and instrumental nouns. Interestingly, the formation of these semantic variations is mainly triggered through metaphorical extensions. Furthermore, employing Booij's (2010) polysemy framework alongside the variation continuum (Heine et.al., 1991), the study suggested that ‘ACTION’ serves as the primary underlying meaning associated with this construction, encompassing both spatial and instrumental dimensions. Subsequently, this conceptual meaning facilitates the emergence of other branches of the construction. The schemas and sub-schemas related to this construction indicate that the process of approximation in forming sub-schemas and the extension of this construction have been effective in the use of new compound words

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ABSTRACT
Introduction. Bleeding in neurosurgery presents a significant challenge due to the brain's dense network of blood vessels. This project aimed to design a biocompatible and biodegradable hemostatic agent based on chitosan hydrogel to rectify disadvantages such as neural compression for use in the control of bleeding in nerve injuries.
Methods. The injury was made in the lambda region, which has a dense network of blood vessels. Using an electric drill, a hole with a diameter of 2 mm was created. Bleeding in control group was examined by  a sterile gauze pad. In other groups, hydrogel dressing and commercial hemostasis such as surgical were used to control bleeding. The main parameters including volume of blood lost and the time of the bleeding, were measured. 
Results. The results demonstrated that chitosan similar to surgical, has an improved hemostatic property.  In addition, chitosan hydrogel was non-cytotoxic, obtaining cell viability values ≥ 89% for the L929 cells.
Conclusion. The results of the present study indicate that the safety and enhanced efficacy of chitosan-based hemostats, make them a potentially suitable option for use in neurological surgery.