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The Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a serious pest of walnut and apple trees in Iran. One of the control methods for this pest is the mass trapping of males using pheromone traps. To determine the best size and color of traps, four different colors (green, yellow, white, gray) and two different sizes (delta shape with standard adhesive surface, 19 × 22 cm and trapezoidal shape with twofold adhesive surface, 36 × 22cm) were compared in a walnut orchard in Alborz province. The results showed that color did not have any significant effect on the number of males captured by traps, whereas the newly made, trapezoidal trap could capture more than twice as many as a delta trap. This means that with the same number of pheromone dispensers, more than twice as many moths could be captured by trapezoidal traps than by delta traps, which could increase the efficiency of pheromone traps in an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.  

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The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important pest of canola that can considerably limit crop production through direct or indirect damage. In this study, the effects of Azadirachtin, Tondexir, Palizin, and Thiamethoxam, common insecticides used in managing the cabbage aphid, were investigated on the population growth parameters of this pest. Based on the results, the LC₅₀ values for Thiamethoxam, Palizin, Azadirachtin, and Tondexir were 0.19, 0.63, 1.00, and 3.82 g/L, respectively. Moreover, LC₃₀ concentrations of Thiamethoxam, Palizin, Azadirachtin, and Tondexir were 0.11, 0.10, 0.41, and 1.68 g/L, respectively, applied in the sublethal studies. The cabbage aphids reared on the plants treated with these insecticides had lower longevity, fecundity, and reproductive period than the control treatment. The intrinsic rate of increase (r_m), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R₀), and generation time (T) were lower on Thiamethoxam treatment. Tondexir and Palizin treatments had lower values than Azadirachtin. However, there was no significant difference between the Tondexir and Palizin treatments. The population treated by Azadirachtin had the highest values of growth parameters. According to the results and available information in the context of risk assessment of the studied insecticides, this research recommends the application of Thiamethoxam in the integrated pest management of cabbage aphid.

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Abstract
Date is one of the most important and strategic products of the country and has a very important role in exporting the country. This product has a lot of waste due to its high humidity and inadequate storage, handling and inappropriate packaging. In this project, in order to reduce contamination and extend the shelf life of dates, Mazafati cultivar was sprayed with 0.5% phenyl ethanol in two types of packages, polystyrene and polyamide, and then stored in a refrigerator for 60 days. The control sample was compared to the treated samples for comparison. Chemical (pH and acidity) and microbial tests (total count of microorganisms) and sensory evaluation were performed on the samples. Analysis of variance showed that the type of packaging, storage temperature and storage time had a significant effect on the evaluated characteristics (p˂0.05). According to the results, spraying of Diphenyl Ethanol after 15 days controlled the pH of Mazafati dates and prevented its decrease over time. Polyamide packaging was better known than polystyrene packaging. The changes in chemical properties (acidity and pH) in the samples kept at 25 ° C were significantly higher than those at 4 ° C. It also effectively prevented the growth of microbial growth. In general, the use of this compound and its polyamide retention at 4 ° C is recommended because of its effect on reducing microbial growth and preserving the chemical and quality properties of dates.