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This study was conducted under Ahvaz, Iran environmental condition during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons in order to investigate the influence of foliar application of potassium on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of three olive cultivars including ‘Mission’, ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Dezfuli’. Potassium sulfate in different concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 g l^-1 was sprayed twice on selected mature 10 year old trees; at 50 and 65 days after full bloom. Potassium sprays increased leaf chlorophyll content of all cultivars, leaf potassium content in ‘Mission’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cvs., fruit anthocyanin concentration of ‘Dezfuli’ in two crop seasons. However, K treatments had no significant effect on leaf N and P content, fruit K and P content in all studied cultivars. Fruit soluble carbohydrates increased by foliar application of potassium in ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Dezfuli’ cultivars in the second year of study. Stem water potential and leaf stomatal conductance were significantly affected by cultivar and K treatments during the two years. Our findings showed that foliar application of potassium resulted in the decrease of stomatal conductance of ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Dezfuli’ in two crop seasons. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the studied cultivars differently respond to K treatments during the two crop seasons and foliar potassium application could have a positive impact on leaf chlorophyll, leaf potassium, fruit soluble carbohydrates and fruit anthocyanins in olive cultivars.

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Citrus is one of the most important fruits whose growth performance and production is significantly affected by environmental stresses. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity and alkaline pH, strikingly limit citrus growth and development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of four NaCl concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90 mM) and two pH levels (6.5 and 8.2) on some of morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of two citrus rootstocks (Sour orange and Bakraei rootstocks). The experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications, at the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran. The results showed that the value of shoot dry weight, fresh and dry weight of roots, and transpiration were significantly decreased in both Bakraei and Sour orange rootstocks when receiving irrigation with 90 mM supplement of salinity at pH= 8.2. Proline and carbohydrates of citrus rootstocks were considerably increased by increasing the levels of salinity (90 mM NaCl) and alkaline stress (pH= 8.2) in each rootstock, at which condition the photosynthesis rate of Sour orange and Bakraei also declined by 34.77 and 50.80%, respectively. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were increased by 57.42, 42.10, and 45.86% in Sour orange rootstock and 42.04, 26.78, and 37.92% in Bakraei rootstock, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that the growth performance of Sour orange rootstock is more suitable than Bakraei to tolerate salt-alkali conditions.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of legal management components and participation of stakeholders in the ecotourism industry on attracting business angels in Kermanshah province. This research is based on mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. The variables of this study are based on the relative consensus of experts and have been extracted using the Delphi technique. In the first part, the sample consists of 25 experts in the field of tourism and academia, and the second part includes the distribution of questionnaires among 100 people working in this field which was selected considering three indices: Entrepreneurs, Executives and Graduates of tourism industry in Iran. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is used to test the model and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to answer the research questions using SmartPLS version 3 software. According to the results, AVE coefficient for all model constructs with greater than 0.5 and valid convergent validity indicates the impact of managerial-legal components and participation of ecotourism stakeholders on attracting business angels. The path coefficients for each are 0.38 and 0.65, respectively, so management-legal components and stakeholder engagement are effective in attracting capital, expertise and energy from business angels.

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The necessity of paying attention to the factor of context in current entrepreneurial research makes exploring of entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry in the city of Zahedan a prominent research topic. Therefore, the present research, using a qualitative and exploratory plan, conceptualizes the entrepreneurial opportunities of the tourism industry in the aforementioned Iranian city. The statistical population of the study consists of experts in the fields of entrepreneurship and tourism. The sampling method is theoretical and the criterion for determining the sample size is theoretical saturation. Data collection was performed through several semi-structured qualitative interviews with twenty-three sample. The results of the coding, categorization and validation process led to the developing of 11 main categories (anthropological opportunity, geomorphological opportunity, dynamic opportunity, non-dynamic opportunity, placebo effect opportunity, technological opportunity, knowledge-based opportunity, abdominal opportunity, commercialization opportunity,  service opportunity,  Medical Opportunity) and 31 sub-categories as entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of the city of Zahedan. On the one hand, the research findings contain theoretical contribution to the knowledge-based domain of entrepreneurship from the perspective of the necessity of developing grounded concepts based on the dynamics and specific contextual conditions, and explain the action of entrepreneur in Iran, on the other hand. These are also appropriate for designing of relevant models, especially in the tourism industry. In this regard, and based on the research findings, some suggestions for future researches, and some practical and policy-making implications for the scientific discipline of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial actions, and policy-making in the country's field of entrepreneurship have been presented.