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Tracing the Origin and Early Progression of COVID-19 in Europe: An Epidemiological Descriptive Study

Volume 9, Issue 3 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Background: The ongoing global health crisis caused by the infectious coronavirus disease, known as COVID-19, is attributed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The pandemic has significantly impacted people of all ages and nationalities and has spread across all continents, with an initial focus on Asia and subsequently reaching Europe. The objective of this study was to analyze the progression of COVID-19 in Europe in contrast to other continents around the world by examining the pandemic's trajectory across different geographic areas, allowing us to gain insights into the effectiveness of containment measures, and identifying potential patterns of virus spread.
Materials & Methods: The data source was a curated dataset provided by Our World in Data (OWD), regularly updated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset consisted of 207,316 records with 67 attributes, covering 244 locations, including countries from six continents. These attributes encompassed a wide range of COVID-19-related metrics, such as cases, deaths, testing, vaccinations, and demographic indicators. This comprehensive comparative study specifically focused on the European continent data from January 01, 2020, to August 08, 2022.
Findings: The analysis revealed distinct groups of European countries with different experiences with the virus. First, some countries were found to be severely affected by the virus, grappling with higher case numbers and mortality rates. On the other hand, some countries were able to successfully manage the virus spread. Additionally, there was a group with significant case numbers but relatively lower mortality rates. Finally, certain countries effectively limited the virus transmission while maintaining low mortality rates.
Conclusion: As the pandemic continues, it is essential to emphasize the significance of international data to develop comprehensive strategies against severe health crises. Evaluating different outcomes across continents and within specific regions could provide crucial insights to guide future control measures. However, the fight against COVID-19 is far from over, necessitating ongoing research and cooperation on a global scale.

COVID-19 in North Africa: An Epidemiological Analysis of Cases, Deaths, and Vaccination Efforts (2020-2023)

Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2023)
Abstract

Aims: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has caused a worldwide health crisis, impacting millions of individuals across the globe. The focus of In this study, is to conduct an epidemiological investigation was carried out on the progression of COVID-19 in the North African region, encompassing Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt, from January 2020 to May 2023. The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological investigation into the progression of COVID-19 in the North African region, encompassing Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt, from January 2020 to May 2023, with a primary focus on analyzing and understanding the COVID-19 data in these five North African countries.
Materials & Methods: This research aimed toinvolved the observeation and analyzesis of an international database from our World in Data,  using SPSS and Excel,. A comparative analysis was carried out, considering the number of COVID-19 cases, fatalities, and vaccination rates in the five specified North African countries.
Findings: Over the course of three years, a total of 3,722,56017,862 new COVID-19 cases and 83,860757 deaths were documented in North African countries, and the year 2021 emerged as the most devastating period, with the highest number of COVID-19 cases (1,767,410) and fatalities (50,341) across the region. Among the countries studied, Morocco (1,274,180 cases, 34.23% ) and Tunisia (1,153,261 cases, 31%) of cases, reportedwere the mosthighest infection ratesaffected, with Morocco reporting 1,272,490 cases (34%) and Tunisia 150,962 cases (31%). Similarly, the highest death tolls were recorded in Tunisia , accounting for (29,415331 deaths, (35%), and Egypt, with (24,83012 deaths, (30%). Additionally, Morocco led the region in vaccination efforts in the region, administering 47% of the total of 384,851,069 vaccine doses.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant global health challenge, affecting each North African country differently, depending on various factors such as their population, control measures, and vaccination campaigns. This study emphasizes the importance of continued efforts and tailored strategies for each country in the region to combat the pandemic in the region and underscores the significance of tailored strategies for each country to effectively address the ongoing crisis.


Exploring the Interplay of UV Index, Population Density, and SARS-CoV-2 Clades on COVID-19 Propagation: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Pandemic Dynamics

Volume 10, Issue 1 (Winter 2024)
Abstract
Background: Despite the passage of more than two years since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the persistence of the coronavirus and its circulation at varying levels globally necessitates a deeper understanding of the factors influencing its transmission and impact. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental factors, population density, and genetic variations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with a specific focus on elucidating their implications for public health measures and vaccine development.
Materials & Methods: This observational analysis was conducted utilizing daily reported SARS-CoV-2 cases in various countries. Additionally, monthly changes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation index, population density per km2, and viral genetic variations were assessed. Comparative analysis was performed to examine correlations between these variables. Data analysis was conducted using SAS 9.3 software with a generalized linear model (GLM) approach.
Findings: This study revealed significant correlations between UV index and key epidemiological parameters, including mortality rate, average case number, and transmission rate. Population density per square kilometer did not exhibit any substantial relationship with these variables. Analysis of viral clades suggests potential immunological insights, indicating varying degrees of immunity conferred by certain genetic variants.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of environmental and genetic factors in shaping the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. By elucidating the role of UV radiation and viral genetic diversity, this study informs public health strategies and underscores the necessity of ongoing surveillance and vaccine development efforts tailored to the evolving SARS-CoV-2 landscape.
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