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Problem statement: Bazaars are considered one of the most important spaces that can be a source of emotional arousal by stimulating the audience's senses and can be effective in the formation of the sense of belonging to a place as the identity center of the cities. In this regard, the historical Bazaar of Tehran with its unique features has great importance. It has long been a dynamic and lively center with spatial qualities and has almost met the needs and different senses of people.
Aims: This article aims to identify the features that examine the existence of identity and sense of place in the Tehran Bazaar.
Methods: This article analyzes the initial passive observations through behavioral mapping in the first step. The second step measures the dependence of variables through interviewing on a 7-point Likert scale.
Results: The visual landscape played the greatest role in the perception of the environment and along with the tactility landscape, it is almost constant during the day. On the other hand, acoustic and chemical landscapes are two effective stimuli in the sensory richness of the environment that have more changes during the day than other environmental stimuli. Also, the existence of historical buildings, despite the interest of individuals, does not per se strengthen the sense of place and paying attention to the components of spatial identity and the impact of each sense of place in the bazaar improves market quality and leads to continuity of life and permanence of this valuable architectural heritage.

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Lullabies are popular children's songs that are full of maternal femininity and express the mother's goals, aspirations, sufferings, sorrows and mourning, based on cultural systems and social behaviors that stimulate children's emotions. The present study examines Persian lullabies through textual signs based on critical theory of Norman Fairclough analysis at lexical level using descriptive-analytic research methodology. The corpus of study consists of 1000 hemistich whose application frequency is the basis of this selection. The results of the current research showed that different kinds of lexical classification have been used in this type of song, but the frequency of use in colloquial language is higher than that of other varieties. While the mother's speech has come to express social realities such as patriarchy, gender superiority, spouse disloyalty, poverty and critical economic conditions of the time, they are presented in the form of plaintive and linguistic words with amorphous linguistic language. Accordingly, lexical items of lullabies have an effective role in creating the poetic sense and transferring the maternal sense (fear of the future, hope for the future, repugnance, solitude, and ultimately acceptance of the audience). As the expression of the reality of society in the form of folk words, the child's full understanding of the social, cultural and political realities, as well as the influence of the word of the mother on his mind (the child), have been completely described.

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This study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria from soils contaminated with copper and have access to a capable bacterial strain for producing copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The present study showed the extracellular production of copper nanoparticles using strain Ta-31. The effect of various factors such as substrate, supernatant volume, enzyme inducer, and electron donor was investigated on the production process. The properties of synthesized nanoparticles were identified by using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDS analysis.
Moreover, the growth curve of strain Ta-31 was plotted in the presence and absence of an enzyme inducer (concentration of 0.1 mM copper sulfate). After the phylogenetic analysis, 16S rDNA gene sequences were determined, and their phylogenetic tree of the selected strain was plotted. The results showed that the best conditions for producing CuNPs, glucose 1% as an electron donor, 2 mM copper sulfate, and 20 ml supernatant had the best production. Strain Ta-31 arrived at the end of the log phase and the beginning of the stationary phase after 15 h. CuNPs were spherical and irregular, and the size of CuNPs was more in the range of 30-40 nm. According to the results, strain Ta-31 belonged to Staphylococcus pasteuri sp. with 99.88% similarity. 
 

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Algae and microalgae are great potential sources of natural compounds that can be used to produce functional foods. Spirulina platensis is one of the edible microalgae with no side effects. Lack of cellulose in the cell wall of Spirulina platensis makes it easy to digest. However, other microalgae do not have this advantage. This property has made Spirulina platensis more valuable. The purpose of this study was to use Spirulina platensis as egg white replacer and investigate its effect on physicochemical and sensory properties of sponge cake during storage time. For this purpose, different egg white ratios (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% w/w) were substituted in sponge cake formulation with Spirulina platensis powder. The results showed that the addition of Spirulina platensis powder reduced the moisture content, specific volume, porosity and cohesiveness of the samples. Protein, fat, ash, pH and firmness of sponge cake samples increased with increasing amounts of microalgae powder. As the amount of Spirulina platensis microalgae powder increased, overall acceptance of the samples decreased, but this decrease was not significant (p˂0.05). In general, the use of Spirulina platensis powder in small quantities as an egg white replacer, improved the properties of sponge cake.

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Weed competition, especially from grass species, is estimated to cause 23% reduction in yield in the wheat fields of Iran. During the years 2013 to 2016, a study was conducted to evaluate the resistance to herbicides of 30 rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) biotypes that had been collected from wheat fields of Khuzestan Province. The screening of these biotypes was conducted with clodinafop-propargyl in the greenhouse and revealed biotypes with a survival rate of greater than 20% in response to this herbicide. These biotypes were further studied for the evaluation of cross and multiple resistance. A total of 94 and 75% of the rigid ryegrass biotypes showed resistance to ACCase- and ALS-inhibitors, respectively. Approximately 69% of the rigid ryegrass biotypes included individuals with resistance to at least two herbicide mechanisms of action. This is the first report of cross and multiple resistance in rigid ryegrass biotypes from Iran. The leaves of the rigid ryegrass biotypes cross-resistance to ACCase-inhibitors were analyzed using CAPS and dCAPS markers to identify probable amino acid substitutions at 2,041, 2,088, 1,781, and 2,078 positions on the ACCase gene. In two and nine biotypes, mutations were observed in the 1,781 and 2,041 positions, respectively. These results indicated that there is a serious problem with herbicide resistance in rigid ryegrass, including cross and multiple resistance, and a need to implement long-term integrated management strategies.
 

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Business development in multiple industries and markets results in platform competition. Emerging approach requires adopting new managerial perspectives and defining appropriate business models. Reliability and performance of a platform besides on the capability of the platform owner, depends on the capabilities of partners and their bilateral and multilateral relations. So, relying on the principals of linear business modeling to design platform business models does not seem effective. This study aimed to fill the existing research gap in the field of platform business model and provide a comprehensive framework for developing business models tailored to the needs and specifications of the platforms. So, literature systematic review and meta-synthesis method is used to identify the components of the platform business model. Extracting research studies (2008-2019) from valid scientific databases and refinements based on specific criteria, 32 selected research articles has been analyzed. Consequently, a framework is defined to design platform business model in two levels, the first including six dimensions and the second 22 components. Proposed model is based on cooperation and value co-creation in, which is the platform core competency.