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Showing 65 results for Zali
Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Imagery is one of the basic subjects in the domain of aesthetics of text, which has been noticed by the men of literary taste and art from the past. The poets have regarded imagery as the integral part of their poetry and the critics have analyzed and investigated the literary works from this perspective. Imagery criticism, especially in the temporary era, has been attended to by the men of literature. Furthermore, Ashurai poetry, as an enormous portion of the nationally committed literary heritage, has always represented Ashura. This literary art has always been after beautiful and obvious depicting in form and content of the events and causes of this enormous movement. Clarifying this part of the literary beauties in the contemporary Ashurai poetry is the aim of the present study using an analytic-descriptive methodology and based on the American school principles of the comparative literature. For this purpose, we investigated the poems composed by over 40 poets in the last century of the two nations. To this end, after extracting metaphorical images from the selected poems of the two cited languages, with equal number of these poems, the researchers applied tables and figures to provide the reader with a suitable statistical view of the issue. The results revealed the width and variety of the images in Persian poetry, the innovation and presentation of the new images in Persian more that English, the outstanding presence of the romantic and mystical elements in Persian Ashurai poetry, and the variety and vastness of the elements composing these images in Persian poetry.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Spring 2021)
Abstract
Existent is one of the central concepts in the history of Islamic philosophy. But this word and its root, i.e., existence, have different applications, the most famous of which is the subject of metaphysics. Based on the analysis of its linguistic structure, this word can be simple or paronym, and there are disagreements on determining the meaning of each of them and their synonymity. This article investigates these meanings under Suhrawardi's famous objections to rejecting existence’s externality. According to this objection, the externality of existence entails the homonymy of existent. This objection is expressed by distinguishing between the two different words: existent as a simple or paronym word. The analysis of these two answers shows that each simple or paronym existents are synonyms, which entails the externality of existence and essence.
Volume 1, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract
In order to study the role of Pythium species associated with cantaloupe root and crown rot, samples were collected from infected fields in different areas of Khorasan Razavi province during 2009-2010. The Root pieces were washed and cultured on CMA-PARP medium. The pythium isolates were then purified by hyphal tip method and identified based on van der Plaats-Niterink mycological key. The pathogenic species were identified as Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum var. ultimum, and P. deliense. The pathogenicity of isolates on cantaloupe seedlings was tested under greenhouse conditions by using wheat grain inoculum. The results indicated that P. aphanidermatum was the most prevalent species and was recovered in all the regions. P. ultimum was isolated from Neyshabour, Fariman and Mashhad whereas P. deliense was detected in Khaaf. This to our knowledge, is the first report on occurrence and distribution of Pythium species causing root and stem rot on cantaloupes in Khorasan province.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
With the outbreak of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Islamic ideological discourse as the most important element in the discursive field of the discourse of modernism was able to articulate with other sub-discourses and according to its capabilities, credibility and populism was able to bring the transcendence of their discourse to the foreground in comparison with the dominant discourse and especially in relation to rival discourses. This new discourse with the creation of a new ideal space emerged as a discourse of hegemony and created a dominant political construction in this period in the history of Iran. What further led to the hegemony of this Islamic ideological discourse over rival discourses, along with Ayatollah Khomeini's charisma, was the adoption of a strategy right under the guise of a policy of solidarity between different groups in the sense that Laclau and Mouffe envisioned. It signifies the creation of an organic alliance between groups, parties, organizations, and the masses with the aim of turning social affairs into political ones. This study deals with a fundamental approach and using an analytic-descriptive method i.e discourse analysis, investigates the dominance of Islamic ideological discourse over the political construction of space in the first decade of the revolution. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between space, power and discourse in the Foucaultian sense and its effect on the political construction of space. The central signifier of this discourse is the Islamic ideology that emerged in opposition to and in the negation of the centrality of the previous discourse, Western modernism. Also, the space-place notion in which this discourse is manifested is the Islamic nation where the element of land is eliminated and extended to the realm of the world, instead.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (winter 2022)
Abstract
Objectives: Today, the expansion of urbanization is associated with the disappearance of human activities in the space between buildings. The purpose of this research is to understand the dimensions of the connection between buildings and the city and how it is captured by the dispositive, and finally to find a way to emancipate in the form of an immanent connection.
Method: The research is done by a qualitative method. The research paradigm is emancipation, the strategy is discourse analysis and the tactics are data collection, coding, analysis, display, explanation, and profanation.
Result : The findings indicate that the building and the city connection factors are related to each other through a hidden network in the form of three scales: the large scale includes semantic factors, the medium scale social factors, and the small scale include formal and functional-behavioral aspects. Therefore, social institutions on a medium scale, will be captured by the dispositive after constituting as they have a specific form and function, and will lose their relationship with the large scale and exist officially in the form of a formal institution, which ultimately leads increasing control and power, and further disintegration.
Conclusion: To achieve an immanent connection between the building and the city, the official institution should be disabled to reconnect the semantic scale for redefining the social institution. Also, it should be profane from whatever dispositive has been placed on the concept of institution. This is realized by the presence of non-institution in the space between the buildings
Volume 4, Issue 1 ( winter 2021)
Abstract
Tensions between the Kurds and the Iraqi central government have continued throughout the country's contemporary history. The imposed geopolitics of the trans-regional powers in Iraq for more than half a century has led to violent ethnic resistance. To begin with, Iraq is an outcome of trans-regional geopolitical policy. Its leaders have always struggled to create an inclusive national identity and have used only violent means.
One of Iraq's problems for political stability and the creation of a coherent structure is the agreement with the Iraqi Kurdistan Federal Government on the disputed issues. Among these, one of the most contentious factors between the central government and the Kurds is the issues related to the disputed areas which its settlement is widely reflected in the Iraqi constitution and Security Council resolutions and a variety of solutions has been offered. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method to study and explain the territorial dispute between the Kurds and the central government of Iraq. The results of the research show that the settlement of territorial disputes is affected by geopolitical competition and the best solution to this crisis is to use a good governance model for the development and stability of those areas.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Volume 4, Issue 3 (Summer 2022 2022)
Abstract
Political organization of space is an organized human space based on political considerations and it is one of the most important factors of territoriality in different scales for political roles, to control and effective management of land and in all countries of the world it is one of the pillars of development. The civil divisions of the country are one of the dimensions of the political organization of the space used by governments. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the method of data collection is matrix. The purpose of this study is the pathology of the political organization of space in Iran from the perspective of the structure- agent approach. The results show that the structural factor with components such as constitution, type of government, national security, laws of division of the country, development programs, security laws, emergency controls, strategic ideas, high oversight, the prevailing political discourse and the central development model have the greatest impacts. Among the components of the Agent, the components of president and members of parliament have a high weight in the political organization of space in Iran but other agent components are not effective and in general, the influence of the structure factor in political organization of space is greater than the agent in Iran.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (fall 2023)
Abstract
Background: Bicycle is one of the most important Types of non-motorized travel and one of the most important components of the clean urban transportation system. The paradigm shifts on and clean modes of travel have affected approaches to transportation and traffic engineering and also concepts of modern theories of this urbanism which is needs to scientific study. Furthermore, Despite the high position of the bicycle in the transportation aspects of cities, until now urban studies in the field of bicycles have been more practical, and theoretical approaches and theoretical insights have not been studied on the bicycle in a centralized and coherent way among the theories of urban development and urbanism.
Aims: The aim of this research is to read theoretically and qualitatively the position and dimensions of the bicycle in modern theories of urban planning as a form of range on new concepts and approaches, movements, intellectual movements; With the help of two angles, the general knowledge of the theories and the specific knowledge of the theories from the perspective of the position and place of the bicycle in the theories.
Methodology: The research approach of this study is qualitatively, based on documentary research and library studies and for Theoretical recognition of the position and dimensions of the bicycle in new theories of urbanism; it has used fourteen theories as a form of concepts, approach, movements, or intellectual movement in two formats of general reading and special readings.
Findings: The findings of the research indicate the perceptible cognitive capacities in the direction of positioning the bicycle directly or indirectly under the desired patterns of bicycle deployment in each of these fourteen theories. Furthermore, there are complementary polygonal tools supporting bicycle deployment and different dominant scientific views have been applied in each one.
Conclusion: Positioning the bicycle among a wide range of concepts, charters and modern intellectual movements of urbanism is possible and, in this way, some of the noticeable theoretical gaps in this field have been filled.
Aims: The aim of this research is to read theoretically and qualitatively the position and dimensions of the bicycle in modern theories of urban planning as a form of range on new concepts and approaches, movements, intellectual movements; With the help of two angles, the general knowledge of the theories and the specific knowledge of the theories from the perspective of the position and place of the bicycle in the theories.
Methodology: The research approach of this study is qualitatively, based on documentary research and library studies and for Theoretical recognition of the position and dimensions of the bicycle in new theories of urbanism; it has used fourteen theories as a form of concepts, approach, movements, or intellectual movement in two formats of general reading and special readings.
Findings: The findings of the research indicate the perceptible cognitive capacities in the direction of positioning the bicycle directly or indirectly under the desired patterns of bicycle deployment in each of these fourteen theories. Furthermore, there are complementary polygonal tools supporting bicycle deployment and different dominant scientific views have been applied in each one.
Conclusion: Positioning the bicycle among a wide range of concepts, charters and modern intellectual movements of urbanism is possible and, in this way, some of the noticeable theoretical gaps in this field have been filled.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (No.4 (Tome 20), (Articles in Persian) 2014)
Abstract
Tâti is one of the languages, which besides applying other means such as agreement and word order, uses case marking of dependents to show the grammatical relations in a sentence. Tâti is among the North-west Iranian languages. Tâti dialects are dispersed in some cities and villages in Ardebil, Qazvin, Zanjan and Gilan provinces. The Tâti variety studied in this article is the Dəravi variety, which is spoken in Khalkhâl. This article intends to study the case system of Dəravi. Although this variety of Tâti has retained some ancient characteristics, its case system has not been studied yet. This variety is highly endangered as its young speakers immigrate to neighboring cities in search of work, and they no longer transmit their mother language to the next generations.
Volume 5, Issue 4 ( Fall 2023)
Abstract
Introduction
Diplomacy is interaction with societies for securing benefits, increasing influence and reducing vulnerability through the least cost and efforts to prevent hostilities and increase political and economic cooperation and exchange of knowledge, art and preparation of foreign relations. Management diplomacy is a non-violent method with the aim of achieving interests and values and improving the political and economic position of a country in the world. Through official and unofficial representatives, diplomacy helps the government collect, coordinate and secures the public interests of the country. After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 and the emergence of nation-based government, the principles of diplomacy were established, though their history goes back to before Westphalia. Since the traditional diplomacy is only concerned with affairs between governments, the management of relations between countries, and the search for national interests, it is unable to respond to the current complexities of the world. Because after the Cold War, power has spread on a wider level [5], and the national sovereignty and the monopoly of the governments are weakening. At the beginning of the 21st century, NGOs and multinational companies played an increasing role in diplomacy. On this same basis, public diplomacy is the establishment and review of interaction between new players in the international arena beside the governments.
Cities and urban institutions are international actors that have created the new concept of urban diplomacy. Relying on the increasing attention to the economy and economic activities and aligning with the process of globalization and with proper use of diplomacy, cities are trying to protect their interests against the challenges of the global economy and the expansion of the security field in the appropriate and specific area of relations, i.e., the global network of cities, to increase opportunities in the fields of Foreign capital attraction, technology transfer, export of services and expansion of foreign trade. In this way, cities want to find a superior position in the field of global decision-making. Therefore, to reduce and monitor conflicts along with peace, interaction and sustainable income for local and global citizens, urban diplomacy is a set of urban policy tools and processes, institutions and economic, political, social and cultural arrangements of urban management in the form of local governments.
Urbanization is directly tied to modernization, industrialization and the wisdom-based sociological process. Today in the world, cities are more important than any issue, and as a political-social unit, they are growing in terms of power in the age of globalization. Cities are the driving force behind the development and economic growth of countries and more income, better health, and a better life; all indications of the reasons for urbanization's growth.
research method
The method of this research is mixed in that, according to the qualitative and quantitative data, the analysis tools and methods are inevitably qualitative and quantitative as well. The present article tried to use different tools, such as document and library fields, interviews and websites. The research is theoretical-applied and descriptive-analytical according to its nature and method. In accordance with the library data, four main components of the research were identified, and corresponding to them, indicators that can act as effective factors of sisterhood relationships in urban development were extracted.
Research findings
Based on the library sources and data and the background of the research conducted in the first step on the establishment of sisterhood relations between metropolises and urban development, twenty-six important indicators were identified. In the second step, these twenty-six indicators were placed into four main components, including: 1) political and sustainable security; 2) economic development; 3) development of human resources; and 4) socio-cultural development. The political component, sustainable security and human resources development have six indicators each, and the economic development and socio-cultural development components have seven indicators each.
conclusions
In establishing sisterhood relations, urban diplomacy and its impact on the urban development of Shiraz metropolis, the results obtained from two categories of library and field sources show some effective factors. According to the amount of research, a variety of indicators were identified in this field, which are placed and analyzed in four basic components: 1) political and sustainable security; 2) economic development; 3) human resources development; and 4) socio-cultural development. The findings showed that, compared to the past, sister city ties have had a great impact on the development of Shiraz metropolis.
Expansion of the globalization process of metropolises in bilateral and multilateral arenas and in the political, economic, social and cultural fields has a significant impact on strengthening the growing international interactions, realizing foreign policy goals and securing the interests of governmental and non-governmental actors in the international arena. The communication of cities in the process of multilateral interactions of economy and global politics and bilateral political and economic cooperation emphasizes the role of local officials as vital elements in order to strengthen friendly relations, resolve international conflicts, improve inter-nation and inter-city relations, and make appropriate use of diplomacy to increase opportunities in the fields of attracting foreign capital, transferring new technologies, exporting services, expanding foreign trade, strengthening the tourism industry, getting access to global markets, and protecting human interests against global problems and challenges. Shiraz metropolis also seeks to develop diplomacy with a number of cities in other countries through the conclusion of sisterhood agreements and various memoranda of understanding. Despite the opportunities and necessities that Shiraz has for the presence and promotion of productivity in the field of urban diplomacy, due to numerous obstacles, it does not have a suitable position in the field of urban diplomacy. Considering the obstacles of foreign relations and sanctions at the international level, paying attention to Shiraz's active role in the field of urban diplomacy is a double necessity. In this regard, goal-setting and macro-policy, as well as institution-building, planning and capacity-building with the aim of Shiraz cooperation in the field of urban diplomacy and playing an active role on international scientific, professional and specialized forums, are accessible due to its high capacity. The urban management complex, i.e., councils and municipalities and other service organizations, can benefit from seeking participation and maximum Participation by using the tools of active urban diplomacy in international urban organizations and, through each other's successful experiences, actively participating in global and local governance.
Volume 5, Issue 7 (9-2020)
Abstract
Applying Gideon's Theory of Norms in Qualitative Assessment of Translation of Feridoun Moshiri’s Poems in Arabic. Translation acts as one of the agents of thought change as a bridge for the transmission of thoughts from different languages to one another. Translation has long attracted the attention of translators, and its translation or non-translation has always been the subject of controversy among translation theorists. Poetry is in its most succinct form a language whose language is often not explicit but implicit and moving all of its semantic layers to the target language is very difficult. In translating poetry into Arabic, Iranian poets have moved on to other literary works. In this era, we are seeing more translators trying to translate contemporary Persian poetry. Many of these poems have been translated into Arabic by translators. This method deals with the translation process or the act of translation itself. His theory points to the literary formats that exist in any particular culture and one of its main achievements was that Attention to the relationship between the individual texts of origin and the destination focused on the relationships that exist between the destination texts themselves. the main result of the qualitative evaluation of Abdul Moneim's translation to Arabic Indicates that his work It has an acceptance in the destination culture but it is far from sufficient in the Farsi.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Spring 2024)
Abstract
ntroduction
Spatial distribution of settlements in the territory is one of the serious issues of spatial planning in the geographical field. The settlement patterns of the city and the village, especially in the coastal areas, is a field that this article emphasizes. In this research, it is tried to investigate how the population settles in the coastal areas. Then, a suitable model to attract the population in these areas is suggested. According to the findings of the national research document, the territorial policies related to the coasts and islands of the country can be listed as follows, which have strengthened the role of the country in the network of regional and international transit passages, as a result, leading to economic prosperity and the settlement of the population will be on the coasts and border areas of the country. Also, the importance of the role of the islands in the development and attraction of the population in the southern coast of the country is emphasized. As a result, according to the situation of population settlement in the coasts of the country, the capacities and roles of each of the settlement points have been extracted according to the land use document and the strategic document of sustainable development of the southern islands of the country. In this case, all the residential areas and islands have played a role according to the division of national work between them and contributed to the development process in the coasts in promoting political, economic, social and cultural ties and relations with the countries of the region and the world. As a result, they can help the whole country.
Introduction
The settlement pattern of the population and settlements is the spatial outcome of the natural environment and the economic, socio-cultural and political conditions, and certainly with the change of these conditions over time, the settlement pattern also changes and transforms. Knowing these developments, the causes and effective factors in the occurrence and emergence of these developments, as well as the effects and consequences of these developments in different fields is a geographical subject and has a special theoretical and scientific (applied) importance. From a theoretical point of view, recognizing, analyzing and explaining the establishment pattern and its developments and investigating the contribution and role of various factors, including the natural, economic, socio-cultural and political environment in its formation and developments, and discovering the general laws governing the establishment pattern, along with understanding the works and its economic-social and spatial-physical consequences are very important and can be effective in expanding the boundaries of knowledge in the field of geography. Also, from a practical and practical point of view, since the achievement of the optimal model system of population settlement requires the knowledge of trends and trends in this field, the results of such studies can be effective in organizing coastal areas, especially the optimal distribution of population settlement. In this research, it is tried to investigate how the population settles in the coastal areas. Then, a suitable model for attracting the population in these areas is suggested. The pattern of population spatial settlement in both national and local arenas has an irregular distribution. Most of the population and cities are located in the northern and western regions of the country. In the meantime, the provinces and coastal areas in the south of the country, in addition to having a low population density, also suffer from the irregular distribution of the population in the city centers. In this paper, population settlement and spatial arrangement of cities in coastal regions, population settlement and spatial arrangement of cities in coastal provinces of the country are investigated. Unlike the previous researches, this research studies the mentioned provinces not individually, but collectively as the coastal provinces of the country in the form of a region.
Methodology
The present research is a small part of the patterns of population settlement in Iran, which focuses on the coastal areas and examines it from the perspective of analysis. In other words, this research seeks to provide appropriate answers to the patterns of population settlement between the southern and northern coasts of Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and data gathering procedure is based on library method.
Results and discussion
After examining and comparing the parameters of relative density, coastal density and coastal grade (the ratio of coastline to area) as well as the percentage of population growth in coastal areas, important results are as follows:
1- Coastal cities being the center of the province is one of the factors that increase the population, while the amount of having a coastline has much less impact on this feature. This issue shows the concentration of facilities and development in the centers of the provinces, which requires distribution of the facilities to other areas.
2- Considering the area which is available to the coastal cities, despite the high population in some southern regions, the northern coastal cities of the country have a higher relative density and coastal density. Therefore, it can be said that the northern coastal areas of the country are more developed. Although important factors such as weather have played a role in this difference in distribution, but considering the type of beaches and access to open waters and on the other hand the wider coastline, it can be said that the development in the southern coastal areas of the country remains blocked, which requires more attention.
3- In the northern provinces, it was observed that there are areas with a limited coastline (low coastal grade), but they have a very high coastal density, but in the southern provinces of the country, although the coasts are much more scattered, the coastal density is at a lower level. And this shows the insufficient use of the potential of the beaches of these areas.
4- In the southern coastal areas, the cities with more coastlines have been associated with a greater population growth during these ten years, but the cities of Khuzestan province were exempted from this. This issue also expresses the fact that population growth and development naturally takes place in areas with more potential; But it should be noted that in comparison with high-density areas in the north, this growth should be accompanied by a higher speed.
According to the aforementioned explanations and analyzes, the relative population density according to the census of 2015 in the northern coasts of the country is relatively higher than the southern coastal cities of the country, for example, in the city of Rasht, the relative population density is more than 70 people per square kilometer, Fereydoun Kanar with more than There are 500 people per square kilometer, but in the southern coastal cities of the country, Bushehr is the only southern coastal city that has the highest density among the southern coastal cities with a population density of 200 people per square kilometer. But on the other hand, the southern cities have more coastal strip than the coastal strip in the north of the country, and this population density in the north of the country is higher than in the south of the country due to low and flat coastal areas, and these flat coastal areas attract more people to the beaches. Therefore, in the north of the country, the predominant activity of the coastal cities is agriculture, and in the southern coastal cities of the country, the predominant activity is industrial.
Coastal height and ruggedness play an important role in the exploitation of maritime potential by maritime countries. Countries that have smooth coastal areas and suitable coastal cuts, deploy human structures in coastal areas with less financial cost. On the other hand, high coastal heights and rocks lack the necessary potential to attract the population, and the establishment of marine structures, including ports, is accompanied by the problem of providing a suitable and smooth place. Coastal plains have an important effect on the establishment of human settlements, marine structures and activities, marine tourism, the concentration of financial-production resources, etc. The advantage of low and flat coastal elevations is influenced by the climate of the coastal region and the connection of coastal regions with internal communication networks.
Therefore, in order to create an economic flow in the country, it is possible to use the coastal cities in the south and north of the country. There are 23 coastal cities in the coastal strip of the southern region of the country, which are in direct contact with the land and the sea. The coastal cities of the southern provinces of the country account for about 85% of the province's population. Also, it is possible to use the advantages and favorable economic positions of the coastal cities located in the south of the country to help the economic flow in the southern provinces of the country and the settlement of the population in them. The economic prosperity and the existence of job opportunities in these beaches attract a large population from the country and even neighboring countries. In the following, the pattern of economic flow in these areas is presented.
Straits, natural passages, islands and coasts are fixed geopolitical factors that have a significant impact on the national power, foreign policy and sea and land strategies of countries. In fact, their geopolitical and geostrategic roles coincide. There is a direct relationship between the use of islands and the power of the coastal government, and the relevant government can play a more active role at the local, regional and global levels. One of the important regions with economic and security strategy in the Middle East is the Persian Gulf region. There are dozens of islands in the Persian Gulf, some of which belong to Iran and are located in the geographical boundaries of the three provinces of Hormozgan, Bushehr and Khuzestan. Some of these islands play a political, economic and military role to defend the southern coasts of Iran. Therefore, according to the pattern of the economic flow and the role of each settlement on the coasts of the country, it is possible to attract and settle the population in these areas.
The banks of Makran from Goatar, East Jask and Sirik are not only the least developed coasts of Iran, but based on development indicators, this axis is considered among the most backward areas of Iran. The Caspian coast from Astara to Kiashahr is the most densely populated coast and is close to the stage of population saturation. What is seen more than any other phenomenon in this coastal strip is the all-round confusion and disorganization in this area.
In this paper, according to the situation of the population settlement in the coasts of the country, the capacities and roles of each of the settlement points have been extracted according to the document of land preparation and the strategic document of sustainable development of the southern islands of the country. In this case, all settlements and islands play a role according to the division of national work between them and contribute to the development process in the coasts and as a result of the whole country. One of the basic emphases in the land preparation document is to use the capacities of these areas in promoting political, economic, social and cultural ties and relations with the countries of the region and the world, and in this regard, a heavy duty has been assigned to the border and coastal areas of the country.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Aims: In the present work, carbon sequestration in different organs of 3 dominant of (A. , H. , and S. ) soil carbon sequestration of the corresponding habitats were examined .
Materials and Methods: The aboveground and belowground organs of 3 species were randomly sampled and oven dried. Three soil samples were taken from 0-0.15 and 0.15-0.3 m soil depths (SD). From these, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density (BD), moisture content (MC), electrical conductivity (EC), and soil acidity (pH) were measured.
Findings: All of the tested had more carbon sequestration in the aboveground rather than organs. The highest value of carbon sequestration was observed in S. , which was about 18% and 90% more than the reported values of H. A. , respectively. Soil with S. greater content of organic carbon (1.5%) compared with H. 0.64%) and A. 0.63%), respectively. The results confirmed that soil top layer (0-0.15m) of patch area had more capability to sequester carbon (1.81%) in S. with the other species.
Conclusion: All the tested plants had higher carbon sequestration in the aboveground organs compared with the parts. The leaves had presented the lowest value compared with shoots and roots. The soil organic carbon of the species habitat varied from 0.63 (A. ) 1.5% (H. ). Moreover, with increasing the soil depth, carbon sequestration of the underlying soil layers decreased.
Materials and Methods: The aboveground and belowground organs of 3 species were randomly sampled and oven dried. Three soil samples were taken from 0-0.15 and 0.15-0.3 m soil depths (SD). From these, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density (BD), moisture content (MC), electrical conductivity (EC), and soil acidity (pH) were measured.
Findings: All of the tested had more carbon sequestration in the aboveground rather than organs. The highest value of carbon sequestration was observed in S. , which was about 18% and 90% more than the reported values of H. A. , respectively. Soil with S. greater content of organic carbon (1.5%) compared with H. 0.64%) and A. 0.63%), respectively. The results confirmed that soil top layer (0-0.15m) of patch area had more capability to sequester carbon (1.81%) in S. with the other species.
Conclusion: All the tested plants had higher carbon sequestration in the aboveground organs compared with the parts. The leaves had presented the lowest value compared with shoots and roots. The soil organic carbon of the species habitat varied from 0.63 (A. ) 1.5% (H. ). Moreover, with increasing the soil depth, carbon sequestration of the underlying soil layers decreased.
Volume 8, Issue 3 (6-2019)
Abstract
Five fungicides, with active ingredients azoxystrobin, imazalil, thiabendazole, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole and fludioxonil + difenoconazole, were tested against two isolates of Fusarium solani and two isolates of F. oxysporum, causing potato dry rot in Mashhad region. PDA media amended with the fungicides significantly inhibited the mycelia growth of all Fusarium isolates incubated at 25 °C for 7 days; however only Imazalil and Thiabendazole completely stopped the mycelia growth of all fungal isolates even at their lower concentration (40 and 5ppm respectively). The mean penetration of F. solani FPO-67 and F. oxysporum FPO-39, the more virulent of the four isolates, after 21 days of incubation at 25-27 °C indicated that imazalil and thiabendazole at concentrations of 1.5 and 2/1000, completely inhibited the penetration of F. oxysporum FPO-39 into potato tubers, but in the case of F. solani FPO-67 all treatments (1, 1.5 and 2/1000) significantly reduced the development of dry rot compared to untreated control. In natural condition, tuber treatment with Imazalil and Thiabendazole (2/1000), prior storage, reduced F. solani FPO-67 development by 68 and 71.69% respectively. According to the results, these fungicides could play a role in integrated pest management against tuber-borne fungal pathogens.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Breakfast as the most important course meal is often neglected by children and adolescents. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the educational program based on the theory of planned behavior on breakfast consumption among the high school students of Fasa.
Materials & Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study consisting of 120 students selected by the simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including the demographic questions and the constructs of the theories of planned behavior theory that were completed self-reportedly before and three months after the educational intervention by the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 10 educational sessions based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and using chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon tests.
Findings: Mean scores of attitudes (46.92±6.26), intention (11.24±2.53), perceived behavioral control (22.50±4.25), subjective norms (40.84±7.12) in the experimental group significantly increased after the education compared to the control group. The mean area of attitude after the intervention showed a more significant increase compared to other areas.
Conclusion: The results showed the effect of the educational program based on the theory of planned behavior on the constructs of attitude, behavior, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and behavioral intention related to increased breakfast consumption among the first-grade high school students. Therefore, considering the appropriate context of education in schools, the low cost, and effectiveness of educational interventions, theory-based design, and implementation of educational interventions based on the mentioned structures can be suggested to increase breakfast consumption.
Materials & Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study consisting of 120 students selected by the simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including the demographic questions and the constructs of the theories of planned behavior theory that were completed self-reportedly before and three months after the educational intervention by the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 10 educational sessions based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and using chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon tests.
Findings: Mean scores of attitudes (46.92±6.26), intention (11.24±2.53), perceived behavioral control (22.50±4.25), subjective norms (40.84±7.12) in the experimental group significantly increased after the education compared to the control group. The mean area of attitude after the intervention showed a more significant increase compared to other areas.
Conclusion: The results showed the effect of the educational program based on the theory of planned behavior on the constructs of attitude, behavior, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and behavioral intention related to increased breakfast consumption among the first-grade high school students. Therefore, considering the appropriate context of education in schools, the low cost, and effectiveness of educational interventions, theory-based design, and implementation of educational interventions based on the mentioned structures can be suggested to increase breakfast consumption.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (2-2020)
Abstract
Tacit knowledge of startup entrepreneurs is sharable and will improve in a mutual process of co-learning and sharing. This process plays the key role in launching a new business, but it is happen seldom among startup entrepreneurs’ because they are so sensitivity to their startups ideas. As the research goal is to identify factors affecting knowledge sharing among startup entrepreneurs’, we have selected a methodology of narrative cased study. In this qualitative research in order to collect information, we have conducted a deep semi-structured interviews with 18 knowledge aspirants’ startup entrepreneurs (11 male and 7 female; including 13 IT startups and 5 other services entrepreneurs). Coding, categorizing, and analyzing verbal evidences of startup entrepreneurs’ interviews, has been conducted by ATLAS.ti. Software. Research findings showed in an integrated design of triplet factors affecting sharing knowledge among startup entrepreneurs; (1) individual factors (including personal beliefs and motives, connecting with social networks, interpersonal communication skills, trust, fear of sharing, awareness of knowledge sources, and family), (2) Organizational factors (leadership style, strategy, technology, motivation and reward system, organizational rules, culture and structure) and (3) environmental factors (industry national environment, business national environment, industry international environment and business specific environment such as customers and competitors relations.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Number 3 - 2008)
Abstract
Heat stress is a major environmental stress limiting wheat productivity in most cereal growing areas of the world. In order to map and characterize quantitative trait loci controlling heat tolerance, 144 recombinant inbred lines deriving from the cross of Kauz and MTRWA116 were assessed in a greenhouse and growth chamber at 35°C. One hundred and sixty six SSR and 3 AFLP markers were used to construct a linkage map containing 18 linkage groups and covering 16 chromosomes of wheat. Using the composite interval mapping method, three QTLs were detected for heat tolerance and measured by the Fischer susceptibility index, on chromosomes 1B, 5B and 7B. The alleles of both parents contributed to heat tolerance. A large amount of explained phenotypic variances and small confidence intervals indicate that the linkage information between markers and QTLs could easily be used in breeding for heat tolerance.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
The ecological aspects, distribution, and possible conservation of a syrphid hoverfly, Axona chalcopyga (Wiedemann, 1839) is poorly known due to their rare records. Three female individuals of A. chalcopyga were discovered in the Gelam forests of Terengganu state, which is the first record in Peninsular Malaysia. Here, we provided a pictorial description of the female. We also noted the functional role of the hoverfly as a potential pollinator candidate for the Gelam trees by visiting its flowers.