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In the context of comparative and intercultural philosophy the approach and engagement of one philosopher with another, is a very basic issue. With regard to this, I want to narrate Farabi’s special engagement with the Meno and Gorgias dialogues of Plato. His engagement can be named hermeneutic dialectical reading-here hermeneutic means the relation of Farabi with the Meno and Gorgias texts and also inside these two texts there are diverse and different levels, layers and mediations (though this is also true so far as my self as a researcher); dialectical means his reading is in the from of synoptic question (s) and answer; and reading means conversational construction of meaning in relation to the text and context. Farabi’s hermeneutic dialectical reading of the Meno and Grgias has these characteristics: he propounds these two dialogues thematically or in accordance whit their subject matter as two parts or orders in the whole of the Plato philosophy. Therefore for understanding these dialogues we have to put them in a broader context that heve interconnections whit the whole philosophy. Basides, the Gorgias is connected with or exists in a set of dialogues that collectively make a network that too has logical relation with the Meno. He says that plato philosophy as a whole begins with a search about human perfection as the first order that is discussed in Alcibiades I and then for getting this perfection we need knowledge that Theaetetus dialogue discusses thematically as the second order. After searching about eudaimonia in the Philebus and knowledge of eudaimonia in Protagoras respectively, Plato further searches about the possibility and the quality and how-ness of getting this special knowledge in the Meno. Farabi says that in the Meno (means fixing) dialogue as the fifth order or level of Plato philosophy he searches about this matter i.e. getting of this knowledge and the method if the answer is positive. Plato in this dialogue says that this knowledge is possible by means of Sana’t / art /τεχνη. Therefore the next step is searching for these arts that are well-known among citizens of different cities and civilities. Farabi says that for Plato these arts are six arts according to six dialogues-that begins with theological syllogism art in the Euthyphro and continues by language, poetics, rhetoric, sophistics and ends by art of dialectics in the Parmenides. According to Farabi Gorgias (means service) is after Ion dialogue about poetics, before the Sophist that is about sophistics. In this dialogue Plato searches two problem, does this art give us knowledge or only the method, and how much this art is knowledge?

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Aims: Considering the share of about 35% of energy consumption by buildings, energy consumption management requires special attention from architects. Building form is one of the most influential parameters on energy consumption, and the Yazd city, as an example of an arid and warm climate, is the focus of this research. The purpose is to provide a solution to produce the optimal form of independent vernacular building as a basic policy in the conceptual design phase in Yazd city.

Methods: Using parametric modeling and energy simulation by suitable computer tools, multi-objective optimization of the building form was carried out considering two indicators of thermal and visual comfort by genetic algorithm for the arid and warm climate of Yazd city. Several subsurface area values were considered as input and the results were presented in four general forms: cube, L, U and O.

Findings: In this research, the optimal options were analyzed and compared, and a general model for the optimal form and orientation of the building was presented. The results of the research showed that the most optimal form, considering the thermal comfort index as a priority index for all the investigated areas, is a rectangular cube form with a shape factor of about 1.8 and a north-south orientation.

Conclusion: Using the form and optimal orientation of the building as a passive policy that is the basis for other active and passive policies can have an Appropriate effect on creating comfort and reducing energy consumption in a combined manner.
 

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Mercury is a highly toxic and accumulative metal and its compounds, especially methyl mercury, are neurotoxins which cause blockage of the enzyme sites and interfere in protein synthesis. The fate of inorganic, mercury ions in nature is its turning into methyl mercury due to the aerobic action of microorganisms. Mercury is a toxic metal that causes the serious environmental problems. The main sources of mercury ions in aquatic ecosystems are divergent, chloralkali wastewater, oil refineries, power generation plants, paper and pulp manufacturing, rubber processing and fertilizers industries. Various methods have been used for removing heavy metals from aqueous environment such as reverse osmosis, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, coagulation and adsorption. Many carbon-based nanoparticles (CNTs) have been developed to remove heavy metals from aqueous media. They are promising material for numerous applications due to their unique electrical, mechanical, thermal, optical and chemical properties. In addition, CNTs are proven to be superior adsorbents for several divalent metal ions in water, because of their capability to establish (π–π) electrostatic interactions as well as for their large surface areas. Therefore, they have received considerable attention for usage in analytical chemistry and environmental remediation. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were the first observed CNTs involving of up to several tens of graphite shells. The sorption capability of MWCNTs is related mainly to the functional groups attached on its surface. Generations of functional groups on the surface carbon nanotubes improves the reactivity and provides active sites for further chemical modifications. Many researchers have developed amino and thiol functionalization on carbon-based adsorbents and CNTs in order to increase the adsorption capacity, selectivity and removal efficiency of heavy metals and organic compounds. Among these functional groups, the thiols have an excellent binding ability to some metals such as silver, mercury, copper, nickel and zinc. In present study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized in four stages to create thiolated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-SH). The synthesized amino and thiolated MWCNTs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analysis (CHNS) to ensur successfully entailing the functional groups on MWCNTs surface. The efficiency of all synthesized MWCNTs in mercury removal was investigated. MWCNTs-SH was more efficient rather than other synthetized adsorbents in mercury removal from aqueous solutions. Increasing in adsorbent dosage concluded an enhanced mercury removal. Solution pH has a more effect on mercury removal. When the pH increased from 2 to 8 the removal percentage ranged from 9.8 to 92%. The data fitted by Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.966) better than Freundlich model (R2=0.935). The obtained maximum adsorption capacity (qm) by Langmuir model was 206.64 mg/g while its experimental value was 160.90 mg/g and was higher than that reported in other literatures. Thus the prepared synthetized adsorbent has high efficiency for mercury removal from aqueous solutions.

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Abstract: semi- connection
With regard to the increase of computing power in the past decade, finite element methods have been used to obtain the graphs of rotational moment curves which reflect non-linear effect in connections response. Using finite element methods the effect of different parameters on connections behavior can be investigated. In this study, several common semi-rigid connections are modeled and their behavioral properties are briefly reviewed and then providing the details related to a new semi-fixed connection, its behavioral properties like its hardness, ultimate capacity and ductility is investigated and is compared to other modeled connections.
In this study, to perform non-linear analyses of connection, finite element software Abaqus is used. One capability of this software is different analyses like non-linear analysis which is very applicable. In this modeling, it has been tried to have inter-component interactions according to reality as much as possible. Bolted connections are modeled exactly and the interaction among the bolt surface and hole is modeled as a hard friction with friction coefficient 0.3 with the ability of separating after loading. Also, fillet welds are modeled as a prism with triangular section. Where a groove weld is applied, since the strength in this type of welding is like base metal, two connection parts are stuck together. To mesh the element, C3D8R element is used.
To modeling the behavior of high strength bolts A10.9, the polyline elasto-plastic stress-strain curve has been used. The force is applied to samples according to the loading protocol presented by ATC-SAC which in fact is a replacement of real earthquakes.
The proposed connection n1 has the most rigidity values among semi-rigid connections. Reducing the number of connection bolts has more reducing impact on connection rigidity value, so that with the half thickness of upper and lower sheets, rigidity rate is reduced only 9%, but with the half number of bolts, rigidity rate is reduced about 64%. Also the connection n3 have lowest rigidity rate and its rigidity amount is in the class of bolted connection in seat angle to web angle.
In connections with high strength, the connection strength is highly related to girder strength and during creating plastic joint, this joint is formed in girder, while in connections with low strength, joint is formed in connection so it can be said that except joint connection state which are not applied in flexural resisting frames, four modes of rigid connection with high strength, semi-rigid connection with high strength, rigid connection with low strength and semi-rigid connection with low strength can be used in flexural resisting structures.
Connection ductility is a key parameter for semi-rigid connections in which deformations are concentrated in connection members.
Results show that the used mechanism in this connection has the ability of covering different classes of strength with the changes such as reducing the number of bolts or reducing the thickness of upper and lower sheets. Also this connection has the ability of absorbing energy and tolerating many deformations compared to other semi-rigid connections with same-class strength.

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Composting is certainly one of the most natural types of recycling process. One of the problems during this process is the management of leachate that adversely affects human and ecological health in the area. Leachate is a complex organic compound which is difficult to be degraded biologically by conventional methods. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely studied for the degradation of diverse types of industrial wastewaters. The purpose of the study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide with ultraviolet light (H2O2/UV) for the treatment of high chemical oxygen demand (COD) strength compost leachate, color and turbidity using response surface methodology (RSM) under central composite design (CCD). The various operation conditions such as initial pH, dose of hydrogen peroxide, and UV-contact time was examined in order to optimize the maximum COD and color removal and turbidity of the compost leachate. The total number of 20 experimental runs was set. Optimal condition obtained for H2O2/UV process were initial pH 7.5, dose of hydrogen proxide 2.3 mL/L, and UV-contact time 95 min. In these conditions, the removal of COD and color and turbidity for H2O2/UV process was 12.32%, 20.83%, and 8.68 NTU, respectively. The results indicated that the H2O2/UV process has been successful in reducing turbidity but in COD removal efficiency is not well. Composting is certainly one of the most natural types of recycling process. One of the problems during this process is the management of leachate that adversely affects human and ecological health in the area. Leachate is a complex organic compound which is difficult to be degraded biologically by conventional methods. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely studied for the degradation of diverse types of industrial wastewaters. The purpose of the study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide with ultraviolet light (H2O2/UV) for the treatment of high chemical oxygen demand (COD) strength compost leachate, color and turbidity using response surface methodology (RSM) under central composite design (CCD). The various operation conditions such as initial pH, dose of hydrogen peroxide, and UV-contact time was examined in order to optimize the maximum COD and color removal and turbidity of the compost leachate. The total number of 20 experimental runs was set. Optimal condition obtained for H2O2/UV process were initial pH 7.5, dose of hydrogen proxide 2.3 mL/L, and UV-contact time 95 min. In these conditions, the removal of COD and color and turbidity for H2O2/UV process was 12.32%, 20.83%, and 8.68 NTU, respectively. The results indicated that the H2O2/UV process has been successful in reducing turbidity but in COD removal efficiency is not well. The results indicated that the H2O2/UV process has been successful in reducing turbidity but in COD removal efficiency is not well.

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Mesoporous activated carbon production from lignocellulose waste for removing reactive dyes Blue 19 and Blue 21 from aqueous solution Introduction. Reactive dyes have been increasing in textile industries for dyeing natural and synthetic fibers. Discharge of dye- bearing waste-water makes an adverse effect on aquatic environment because the dyes give water undesirable color. The major environmental and health problems associated with water pollution caused by the discharge of untreated textile effluent are due to disorders in the aquatic environment because of use of toxic chemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption potential of as-produced activated carbon from grape wood residue (Vitis Vinifera) in order to remove Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) and Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) dyes from aqueous solution. Activated carbon is the most common adsorbent for the removal of many dyes.Activated carbons are made from various agricultural wastes by physical and chemical activation. The preparation of activated carbon from agricultural waste could increase economic return and also provides an excellent method for the solid waste disposal thereby reduce pollution. Method: The adsorbates in this study included three reactive dyes, Reactive Red 23 (RR23), Reactive Blue 19 and Reactive Blue 21. All dyes were commercial grade and employed without further purification. The activated carbon was synthesized from grape wood biomass by activation of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) with impragnation ratios of 1:1 1:2,1:3, 1:4. The FTIR, BET, and SEM techniques were used to characterize the as-prepared carbon materials. In addition, dye adsorption experiments were carried out, which measurements are taken for all of the samples under in the same condition, at pH of 2, adsorbent dose of 0.01 g/l, initial dye concentration of 250 mg/l, sworking volume of 100 ml, and contact time of 120 min. Results and discussion: The results showed that the carbon sample activated under imprenation ratio of 1:4 and temperature of 600oC, that obtained a special surface area of 1850 m2/g, and total pore volume of 2.40 cm3/g, and pore size distribution of mesoporous at 86%, had maximum adsorption capacity of 1932 and 908 mg/g for RB19 and RB21 dyes, respectively. The adsorption behaviors of three reactive dyes (Reactive Blue 19 23, Reactive Blue 21) onto this biomass activated carbon were investigated in batch systems. The experimental data were analysed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models of adsorption. Equilibrium data of dyse fitted well with the Sips model. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the Activated carbon was determined with the Langmuir equation found to be 1914 mg/g for Reactive Blue 19 and 1195 mg/g for Reactive Blue 21. Conclusion: This study showed that activated carbon produced from annual pruning vineyards waste has a high potential in the treatment of textile wastewater. Also results indicate that Activated carbon from grape wood could be employed as low-cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal of acid dyes. Keywords: Activated carbon, lignocellulose waste, Grape wood, Blue 19, Blue 21

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With regard to the essential role and function of topos / place (in comparison with time) in the thinking, acting and speaking of the ancient individuals, it is possible to analyze the inscribed speeches of ancient Persian kings according to their conceptions of topos or place. For reaching to this aim Darius' inscriptions in Behistun (DB) will be chosen and they will be analyzed within an appropriate heuristically Aristotle framework.

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Structures get local damages by passing time during the service period under environmental conditions and loads, although insignificant. It is essential and important to maintain the health, durability and proper performance of structures and their various parts and lack of proper recognition of the behavior of structures may cause spontaneity damages and consequently, high social and economic costs may occur. According to the proper performance of CFST columns, using this type of columns in high-rise buildings and bridge structures has expanded especially in seismic areas. Steel and concrete can cover each otherchr('39')s weaknesses by simultaneously using concrete and steel in CFST columns. The weakness of concrete against tensile and the weakness of steel against pressure has compensated by the combination of steel and concrete in this type of columns. Also these columns may be damaged during construction or after experiencing load periods (earthquake, wind, etc.), because getting structures damage is inevitable. One of the primary goals of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is damages detection of the structure in the early stages of formation. If the damage locations in the structure can be determined and its gradual course can be observed, the damaged members can be repaired or replaced before reaching the critical condition and occurring complete breakdown. Among the methods of damage detection, many researchers consider the methods based on signal processing. One of the methods of signal processing is the mathematical method of wavelet analysis. By using wavelet analysis, more information can be obtained from the intended signal based on its ability to localize the signal in both time and frequency domains. One of the most probable damages in CFST columns is the debonding of the concrete core from the steel tube. In this paper, the CFST column element was modeled and frequency analyzed in ABAQUS finite element software in two conditions including damage and no-damage. The effect of the debonding was considered by decreasing the modulus of elasticity of the concrete in the damage places with depth of 3 mm. The results of the analysis have shown that the information of the mode shapes of the damage and no-damage conditions (angle between the mode shape vectors and the frequency values) changes due to the effect of the damage. In order to identify the debonding damage locations, in the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) detection algorithm, the input signal was defined as the sum or difference of the mode shape of the damage condition and the mode shape of the no-damage condition based on the angle between the damaged and no-damaged mode shape vectors. The results showed that the output signals obtaining from the details of input signal wavelet analysis have useful information to identify the debonding locations of the concrete core from the steel tube and at high scales, the locations of the debonding damage identify easily, and at low scales, more convergence of wavelet coefficients is observed in the locations of the damage. According to the results, the proposed method was introduced as an effective detection method of debonding damage in CFST columns.

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The health of structures, provision of safety, and the sense of security are among constant requirements and perpetual challenges of engineering and managers in the field of crisis management. Erosion and occurrence of minor local damage to structures and structural members in the early stages of construction or during operation, especially in critical structures such as power plants, tall buildings, stairs, dams, airports, and hospitals, have always been among major problems. As time passes, Structures are affected by a variety of natural and non-natural destructive factors such as earthquakes, non-systematic excavations, dynamic vibrations resulting from explosions and heavy vehicle traffic. In addition, factors such as serviceability expectation beyond the design capacity of structural elements and failure to meet the latest expectations imposed by regulations, use of poor-quality materials and execution problems will reduce efficiency and, consequently the service life of structures. Also, the spread of local damages in structures can impair the overall health of the structure. Undoubtedly, knowledge of structural health and safety is of vital importance and structural health monitoring is recognized as one of the most important subjects that has received a lot of attention from researchers. Plates are one of the most important structural elements that can, when damaged, progressively transfer damages to other elements and lead to overall structural damage incurring irreparable social and economic costs. Due to the increasing applications of steel plates, especially in building structures (as steel plate shear walls) in the present study attempts were made to focus on damage detection and localization as one of the most important steps of health monitoring using modal dynamic data (natural frequencies and mode shapes) and a proposed diagnostic method based on two-dimensional discrete wavelet analysis. To this end, the modeled steel plate was subjected to frequency analysis in ABAQUS finite element analysis software and the modal data associated with damaged and non-damaged states were extracted. The results showed differences between the frequencies and lack of correlation between primary and secondary vibration mode shapes based on the modal assurance criterion (MAC) and the angle between the primary and secondary mode shape vectors. Using a propoed damage localization index (DLI) based on the wavelet coefficients obtained from the diameter details of the two-dimensional wavelet analysis of the primary and secondary vibration mode shapes, the damage zones were detected by creating a maximum relative jumps in the DLI diagram. Studies showed that DLI values are sensitive to the damage severity of the damage zone and with increasing the damage severity, these values increase in fixed spatial coordinates in the damaged zone. Also, the DLI of one damaged zone is independent of the damage severity of the other damaged zones, and this is a positive advantage in the damage determination process. Otherwise, failure to detect one damaged zone may affect the detection of other damaged zones, and consequently pose problems in the process of damage detection and localization in cases where we are dealing with multiple damage zones. According to the results of the present study, DLI can be proposed as an efficient and effective index in detection and localization of damages in steel plate elements.

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The health of structures, provision of safety, and the sense of security are among constant requirements and perpetual challenges of engineering and managers in the field of crisis management. Erosion and occurrence of minor local damage to structures and structural members in the early stages of construction or during operation, especially in critical structures such as power plants, tall buildings, stairs, dams, airports, and hospitals, among others, have always been among major problems. In case the damage sites are not identified timely and decisions are not made appropriately, substantial irreparable damage is expectable. Structures are always affected by various natural or unnatural factors such as earthquakes, explosions, and unprincipled excavations, which can aggravate the local damage in them and lead to their destruction, hence substantial human and financial losses. Therefore, it is highly crucial to monitor the health of structures and structural members. Therefore, health monitoring in structures and structural members is highly important. The column is one of the most significant members of engineering structures, especially in building structures and bridges, so that the instability of one of these members can lead to instability and destruction of the structure. Hence, design engineers expect columns to be the last members of structures to be damaged. In this paper, the health monitoring of the column as a structural member was performed by considering the effect of axial load on modal dynamic responses (i.e., natural frequencies and mode shapes). The results showed that the natural frequencies of all modes in both healthy and damaged states decreased with increasing axial load in proportions of the base critical load (the worst-case limit load). Also, at the same loads, the frequency of the healthy sample was always higher than that of the damaged sample so that the frequency difference between healthy and damaged states increased with greater severity of the damage. By introducing a Damage Detection Index (DDI) based on the wavelet coefficients obtained from the details of wavelet analyses of damaged and undamaged modes, the damage sites could be identified with a simple check and high accuracy by observing vibrations in DDI. Also, studies have shown that the DDIs of different damaged sites are independent of each other and are only affected by the severity of the damage and that the effects of axial load on DDI are very small and negligible. The independence of the DDIs of different damaged sites indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying damaged sites. Otherwise, failure to identify one damaged site may affect the identification of other damaged sites. The damage detection capability using the proposed DDI was investigated in columns with different support sections and conditions, and successful troubleshooting results were obtained. Moreover, investigations were performed with other wavelet functions, and the damage site was successfully identified. The proposed damage detection indicator is an efficient index in the column structures under the effect of axial load with axial buckling-prone support conditions and is proposed as a reliable method in identifying column damage sites in practical health monitoring of structures.

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At the outlet of a converging nozzle connected to a high-pressure gas source, based on its input pressure, an under-expanded and ultrasonic flow is created, accompanied by a shock wave. A simple design of the Hartmann-Sprenger resonance tube device is made by placing a closed-end tube in front of this converging nozzle. The impact of the shock wave and nozzle outflow jet on the tube causes intense heating in the trapped gas inside the tube. This research investigated the functional cycle of the resonance tube and the fluctuating nature of the flow inside it. The main parameters of the problem in the form of the inlet pressure to the nozzle and the distance between the tube and the nozzle, the determination and the effect of changing their value on the fluctuating performance of the flow inside the tube, and the fluctuations of the pressure at the end of the tube were shown. The dominant frequencies of these oscillations were determined and shown that in the range of input pressure from one to ten bar, the range of dominant frequencies is between 600 and 933 Hz, which are slightly different from the resonant frequency of the tube. The intensification of oscillations and dominant frequencies can only be seen in a certain number of values of the main parameters, and the intended heating is created only in these conditions.

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Here I will consider the Greek word “Dikaiosune” on the basis of the rather short etymological exploration by one of Plato’s other called Heraclitus. Apart from un-ended discussions and controversies about the nature and quality of etymological surveys of Plato’s Socrates in Cratylus, it is worthwhile to figure out and see how a figure such as Heraclitus wants to demonstrate and stablish the working and influence of “Dikaiosune” in the macro and micro universes otherwise it is an ordinary and petty notion. Plato’s other mentions (Cratylus 412D – 413D) that where everything is in the flux Dikaiosune should function as an uppermost penetrating principle that can penetrate all moving and changing things in order to make a linkage and binding among all of them.

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introduction: Several risk factors for gastric carcinoma have been suggested, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of them. This virus, with more than 100 genotypes, is in the Papillomaviridae family. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in gastric carcinoma patients in the Ardabil province.
Methods: This study is a case-control study in which 50 patients with stomach cancer and 50 healthy individuals were tested for papillomavirus type 16 and 18 DNA in their blood samples after DNA extraction by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: In the study conducted, the frequency of healthy men and women was 46% and 54%, respectively, and in sick people, it was 66% and 34%. The present study showed that in the population of Ardabil province, the frequency of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in gastric carcinoma patients was zero.
Conclusion: The current study on human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in patients with gastric cancer shows a very low frequency in the population of Ardabil province.