---

The effects of rootstocks such as 'sour orange' (Citrus aurantium L. var. ‘Yerli’), 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' (Citrus sinensis Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata Raf), 'Smooth Flat Seville sour orange' (Citrus spp. hybrid of uncertain origin), 'Brazilian sour orange' (Citrus aurantiam L. var. ‘Brasilian’), 'Volkameriana' (Citrus volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.) and 'Calamondin' (possibly Citrus reticulate var. austere×Fortunella hybrid, Swingle) on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality of ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit were investigated from 2008 to 2012. Rootstocks were found to have significant effects on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality. ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit trees budded on 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' showed higher vegetative growth parameters (canopy height, diameter, and volume) than the trees on the other rootstocks. The trees on 'Volkameriana' and 'Carrizo citrange' produced higher percentage of cumulative yield of about 55.1 and 34.3%, respectively, than the trees on 'sour orange'. ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit budded on 'Carrizo citrange' had higher fruit quality such as thin rind, high juice content, and more color development than the other rootstocks. 'Carrizo citrange' was the most promising rootstock for ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit in Dörtyol, Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey.

---

The effects of five training systems on tree growth, yield, and some fruit characteristics were assessed for ‘Fuji’ apple grafted on M.9 rootstock for the first five years in Tokat, Turkey. The trees were trained in one of five ways: Slender Spindle (SS, 4762 trees ha^-1), Vertical Axis (VA, 2857 trees ha^-1), HyTec (HT, 1904 trees ha^-1) and two different tree densities of super spindle (L-Sup S with 5,000 trees ha^-1; H-Sup S with 10.000 trees ha^-1). Trunk Cross-sectional Area (TCA), canopy diameter and canopy volume were higher in low tree density systems (HT and VA) than in high tree density systems (SS, L-Sup S and H-Sup S). Annual and cumulative yields per tree over the first cropping years were higher in VA and HT than in SS, L-Sup S or H-Sup S. Yield per unit area was the highest in H-Sup S in every year due to the higher number of trees per hectare. Yield efficiency (yield cm^-2 TCA) was higher in VA and HT than in SS, L Sup S or H-Sup S in every year. HT produced the largest fruit among the training systems in every year. VA had the second largest fruit in 2008, 2010, and 2011.

---

In this study,  the antimicrobial effect of  Coriandrum sativum L. leaves against 30 different foodborne microorganisms, including 20  bacteria, 7 fungi and, 3 yeast species, and some microbiological properties of yoghurt produced with  lyophilised Coriandrum sativum L. at three different level (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) and sotored at 4°C for 21 days were examined. Ethanol extract of the fresh plant extracts showed antimicrobial activity against only 9 bacteria and 1 yeast with different zone changing from 8 to 12 mm, but had no effect on fungi used in the study. On the other hand, the addition of Coriandrum sativum L. inhibited the yeast and mould growt in yoğurt samples throught the 21 days of storage. Generally, the ratio of Coriandrum sativum L. increased the number of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, but decreased the number of Streptococcus thermophilus. However it was not important statistically (p<0.05). The results indicated that Coriandrum sativum L. can be used as a good source of preventing the growt of yeast and mould which effects the storage life of yoghurt.