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Aims: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections and their bacterial agents in patients admitted to Poursina Medical and Educational Center of Rasht.
Materials & Methods: The present retrospective descriptive study was conducted by referring to the Infection Control Unit of Poursina hospital and investigating the records of patients with culture-positive nosocomial infections from April 2013 until the end of September 2015. Bacterial agents were diagnosed based on the standard microbiological tests.
Results: During the research period, urinary tract and blood infections were reported as the highest and lowest nosocomial infections, respectively. The most common strains causing nosocomial infections were Acinetobacter spp. (24.7%) (as the most common strain causing respiratory infection), Escherichia coli (22.9%) (as the most common strain causing urinary tract infection), and Enterobacter spp. (19.9%) (as the most common strain causing postoperative infection). Based on the frequency distribution of bacterial strains in hospital wards, Acinetobacter spp was reported as the most common strain isolated from patients in the intensive care unit.
Conclusion: According to the present study results, Acinetobacter spp was the most common strain isolated, and UTIs were the most common type of infection. Due to the prevalence of UTIs and the financial, physical, and social damage they impose to the whole country and the constant change of common pathogens and their susceptibility and antibiotic resistance patterns, it is necessary to conduct studies on this issue in the academic centers of each province at regular intervals.
 

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Aims: Numerous microbial agents have been identified as the causative agents of UTIs, such as Escherichia coli. The spread of antibiotic resistance is increasing among strains causing UTIs. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of etiological agents of UTIs and their antibiotic resistance patterns and to determine related risk factors and treatment outcomes of antibiotic resistance in Razi teaching hospital, Guilan, North of Iran.
Material & Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed from April 2017 to September 2018. All patients with clinical symptoms of UTI were included. The patients’ complete medical records were assessed. Moreover, bacterial isolation and identification were performed by conventional bacteriological and standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method based on the CLSI recommendation.
Findings: Gram-negative bacilli were identified as the most common causative agents of UTIs in all cases (140, 100%), of which E. coli had the highest isolation rate with 76 cases (54.3%), followed by Klebsiella spp. with 23 cases (16.4%).  Antibacterial susceptibility tests revealed that 64.3% of the isolates were resistant to three antibiotics of different classes (MDR phenotype).
Conclusion: In conclusion, Gram-negative bacilli were the most common causative agents of UTIs, and E. coli had the highest isolation rate (54.3%). Regarding the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and MDR phenotype, paying attention to drug resistance patterns of pathogens and proper and correct administration of antibiotics as well as proper and timely monitoring of treatment, could help physicians decrease the patients’ mortality rate.