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Translation Studies seems to have succeeded to establish itself as an area of enquiry for scholars. Patterns of flourishing this discipline with its diverse audience is not well studied, though. The present study used scientometric and bibliometric analyses to identify and assess topics and trends of Translation Studies over time, as evidence of evolution over the course of time. Documents (from 1931 to 2021) were extracted from Scopus to examine relevant indicators; document types, top journals, authors’ networks, institutes/universities, organizational support, countries and interdisciplinary contributions. In addition, VOSviewer, network and cluster density visualization and word co-occurrences were utilized to analyze and evaluate the development of the field. Trend analysis was considered at three intervals. The analyses showed that over a 90-year time span (1931-2021), 13916 documents were published by 21509 authors from 16323 institutes/universities that contributed to the scientific mobility of Translation Studies. Authors’ cooperation from 124 countries emerged in four clusters led by the US, the UK, Spain and China. In its course of development, Translation Studies witnessed a remarkable proliferation of documents since the 2000s onward. Relevant topics were shown by keywords analysis, and interrelationships of Translation Studies with other disciplines were explored. The findings offer analyses of trends and topics in Translation Studies, as evidence of scientific evolution, attested by the interdisciplinary contributions and bibliometric findings.
 

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The issue of fire safety in tunnels is very essential because the closure tunnels increase consequences of accidents significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to control fire development and smoke propagation with appropriate measures when fire occur. The ventilation system is used to control smoke propagation and the suppression system is used to prevent fire spread in tunnel. In the present study, fire in the tunnel with operating ventilation and suppression systems are simulated using an open source fire dynamic simulator (FDS). The results show that increase water flow rate leads to increase cooling effect of suppression system, also, increasing the water flow rate from 320 to 1280 liters per minute lead to increase the reduction of radiation flux at the downstream of fire from 40% to more than 75%. With the activation of suppression system with a median diameter of 100 and 1000 micrometers, the temperature difference with the environment decreases by about 70% and 34%, respectively. In the case of downstream area, with decrease in size of droplet diameter from 1000 to 100 micrometers, the radiation attenuation increases from 58% to 93%. Air flow leads to transport the droplets to downstream and increase the air flow rate leads to decrease radiation attenuation of suppression system for upstream area. The relative position of activated sprinklers affect the cooling and radiation attenuation ability of system. The suppression system by reducing the smoke temperature enables the ventilation system to resist the smoke backlayering with a lower velocity than the critical ventilation velocity.