Search published articles


Showing 2 results for Tolue
Analysis of the Political Construction of the State in Iran Comparison of the Safavid and Qajar

Volume 13, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
The Safavid state created a kind of government in Iran with elements such as a separate territory and a Shi'ite religion originated from the Sufi way and persisted over the centuries. From the Safavid period to Qajar, the Iranian state had atributies that were Expresses traditional political institutions and traditions. This procedure continued until the new era and the end of Qajar rule. The research hypothesis is that the Safavid government conformed to the model of the Soltani order. The Qajar dynasty also possessed the traditional and authoritarian character of the Safavid dynasty. Because it coincided with the era of Western military and economic domination of the world, the construction of a state in Iran was also influenced by its civilization, and political institutions evolved. In this regard, the present research deals with the characteristics of the political construction of the state in the triennial period. Also, the social and class characteristics that led to the formation of specific models of government in Iran are reviewed.

Comparative Chemical Composition Analysis of Essential Oils in Different Populations of Damask Rose from Iran

Volume 21, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), belonging to the Rosaceae family, is a unique species. One of the major and popular growing regions of Damask rose is Kashan and its rose essential oil has unique scent and global reputation. The aim of this study was to compare the variation that naturally exists in quantity and quality of essential oils in different populations and selection of the best population. Unfortunately, there is inadequate information about flower oil yield of different populations of R. damascena from different regions of Kashan. Therefore, flowers of R. damascena Mill. were collected from fifteen important rose oil production regions of Kashan, Iran. The chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. As a result, based on the dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis of chemical component data, fifteen R. damascena populations were grouped into three clusters. A total of fifty-five compounds were identified and quantified by GC–MS analysis in the rose oil. The essential oil contents (w/w) were ranged from 0.0020% to 0.0190% after isolation in Clevenger apparatus. The major components of the oil contained limonene (0.4–12.8%), 2-phenylethyl alcohol (1.0–1.3%), citronellol (16.2–57.8%), geraniol (0.9–14.1%), methyleugenol (0.5–2.5%), heptadecane (0.8–3.0%), 1-nonadecene (2.1–7.5%), nonadec-9-ene (14.9–30.2%), eicosane (1.0–3.3%), heneicosane (5.8–18.6%), tricosane (0.9–5.2%), and pentacosane (0.3–2.1%). The essential oil of Josheghan was considered to have a high quality in terms of richness in citronellol, geraniol, and 2-phenylethyl alcohol monoterpenes and has good potentials as antioxidant and strong fragrance in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
 
Page 1 from 1