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Aims: This systematic review aims to examine physicians’ and nurses’ attitudes, knowledge, awareness, and skill in telemedicine technology.
Information & Methods: Studies were extracted from the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases in March 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Cross-sectional studies examining physicians’ and nurses’ attitudes, awareness, knowledge, and skill in telemedicine were considered as the inclusion criteria. A similar checklist was used for data extraction, and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) critical appraisal checklist specific for cross-sectional studies was employed to assess the quality of the entered studies to this research.
Findings: A total of 13 studies with the inclusion criteria were entered into the study. Seven studies (54%) examined health specialists’ attitudes and revealed their proper and promising attitudes toward telemedicine. Among five studies probing their participants’ awareness of telemedicine, three reported high awareness, while two had documented moderate levels of awareness. On the other hand, among ten studies investigating telemedicine knowledge, seven had reported high, one moderate, and two low telemedicine knowledge. Three studies evaluated telemedicine skillfulness and reported moderate (two studies) and low (one study) skill levels of their participants.
Conclusion: Health specialists hold positive and promising attitudes toward telemedicine. Telemedicine awareness, knowledge, and skill among health professionals are above-moderate and desirable.

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Folic acid is one of the daily needs of body, and a substance that, by participating in some of the vital functions of the body and with proper consumption, we can prevent certain diseases in the embryonic and adolescence period. Enrichment is a method in which a specific amount of a substance from necessary material enters the intended diet and it supplies daily body intake. Regarding the high level of rice consumption in the community, rice was chosen as a suitable substrate for enrichment. The amount of 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 gr of folic acid was added to 300 gr of rough rice cultivar Hashemi and the enrichment was performed using a parabolic or semi-boiling process. After peeling and whitening, the effect of increasing the concentration of folic acid on the qualitative properties and cooking of brown and white rice was studied. The highest and lowest amount of amylose was different in white and brown rice regarding the amount of folic acid. The results showed that with increasing folic acid, the amount of amylose in the grain decreased and the mean gelatinization score in folic acid treatments (5.72) was significantly higher than folic acid-free treatments (5.5). Based on this result, the use of folic acid significantly increased the gelatinization score in rice which reduced the temperature of the gelatinization and reduced the cooking time as well.
 

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Although one of the most suitable methods for natural fortification of bread is using fiber sources such as rice bran, due to its negative effect on the physical, textural, nutritional and sensory properties of bread, the addition of fiber has not yet been widespread. In this study, the effect of adding hydrothermaled rice bran to bread, as the dominant feed of the community, in optimal conditions and for amounts of 3%, 6% and 9% of wheat flour, was investigated. The results showed that by a slight increasing in the percentage of added hydrothermaled rice bran, the specific volume of bread was increased and the density was decreased. The highest crumb moisture content was observed for high amounts of added bran (6% and 9%). The ratio of crust to crumb also showed a direct relationship by increasing the percentage of bran. Textural changes also indicate that the degree of firmness and gumminess of bread has been significantly increased during storage days (first to fifth day) by increasing the amount of hydrothermaled rice bran. However, the cohesiveness of bread had a significant downward trend by increasing the amount of bran and also during the storage period. Also, among the added amounts of bran, the sample containing 3% bran significantly obtained higher scores in terms of sensory characteristics comparing with the control sample and other samples. Summing up, the results of this study showed that small quantities of hydrothermaled rice bran can be used to produce more useful bread with desirable sensory properties.

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Nowadays, gums are used in cereal and flour products to replace gluten by optimizing physicochemical and rheological properties. In this study, with the aim of improving the rheological properties of the dough compared to the control sample, the effect of different concentrations of guar gum, xanthan and pectin gums (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%) in terms of weight / weight percentage based on rice flour of Nemat  and Neda cultivars was examined. Based on the results of the viscosity properties, the highest Peak viscosity is in Nemat and Neda cultivars with the addition of guar (0.9%) and the lowest Peak viscosity is in Nemat cultivar without adding gum or control sample. The results show that with increasing guar and increasing the concentration of added guar, the tendency to absorb water increases and the volumetric expansion of the dough will increase. The greatest effect on the rate of breakdown viscosity was observed in Nemat cultivar with the addition of xanthan gum and the highest rate of breakdown viscosity was observed in Neda cultivar with increasing guar (0.9%). Due to the decreasing trend on the rate of breakdown, we find that xanthan is not a suitable hydrocolloid to improve the rheological properties of rice flour paste of Nemat cultivar. The highest rate of setback viscosity was observed in both Nemat and Neda cultivars with an increase of 0.3% and the lowest rate was in the control sample. Comparison of the average of statistical data shows that the highest final viscosity in both Nemat and Neda cultivars with an increase in guar 0.9% and the lowest in the control sample. It can be concluded that increasing the gums used in this study increases the tendency of the final product or product to dry after cooling.

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One of the reasons of the bakery products poor quality and quality defection in the country is the low quality and the impropriety of wheat. Regarding the uncontrollability of so many effective factors in wheat quality. Using of improving agents in wheat flour has been highly considered. In this study, the effect of tow improving agents, ascorbic acid in three levels (20, 40, 60 ppm) and α-amylase enzyme in three levels (25, 50 and 75 ppm) over dough was investigated. Rheological tests results showed that increasing level of ascorbic acid from 20 ppm to 60 ppm is effective in dough stability time and dough developing time increment, reduction in dough softening degree, increasing elasticity, improving gluten structure and increasing the usage level of α-amylase enzyme from 25 ppm to 75 ppm is effective in the collapse of polymeric structure of starch, dough softening, stability, developing time and reduction elasticity characteristics. In simultaneous use of additives in constant amount of α-amylase enzyme, increase of ascorbic acid from 20ppm to 60ppm causes rheological individually betterness. Dough stability time, developing time and dough elasticity as well. This effect in constant amount of ascorbic acid shows a diverse relationship specially with high amount of added α-amylase (50 and 75 ppm). Generally, in addition to ascorbic acid containing treatment on its own using of α-amylase enzyme in 50 ppm level with 60 ppm ascorbic acid in improving the rheological and quality specialty of dough is suggested.

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Nowadays more attention is attracted to enhancing the safety and nutritional value of biscuit as a high demanded bakery product. This study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating red grape waste extract (RGWE) (0, 2, and 4%) on nutritional characteristics (total phenolic content, total anthocyanin, and antioxidative property based on DPPH scavenging capacity, and acry amide contents), oxidative stability (peroxide, anisidine, and totox value), as well as color and organoleptic properties of fortified biscuit samples. According to the obtained results, the incorporation of RGWE had led to an increase in total phenol, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant properties of the biscuit samples. Furthermore, the inclusion of 4% RGWE had a significant effect on reducing acrylamide and elevating oxidative stability as well as nutritional properties of the biscuits. Moreover, the addition of RGWE into the biscuit's formulation had led to a change in the color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) by increasing the redness and decreasing the lightness of the samples compared to the control sample. As well, organoleptic characteristics of the samples revealed high sensorial scores of the biscuits contained 4% RGWE, which can lead to open a new horizon toward producing functional food products with acceptable flavor and high nutritional value for consumers.
Keywords: Acrylamide, Biscuit, Nutritional value, Red grape, Waste extract.

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Adding the fiber sources in food formulation is one of the best methods for enriching and improving nutritional value of food. Cereal bran is one of the best and most economical sources of dietary fiber supply. In this study hydrothermaled wheat and rice bran in optimum condition and in different content (0, 4, 8%) were added to wheat flour. The result of Rheological experiment indicated that increasing in the content of wheat and rice hydrothermaled bran in dough leads into significant decrease of dough quality number and significant increase in water absorption. On the other hand, increasing the amount of rice and wheat bran was also associated with an increase in dough development time. Evaluation of texture and color changes also indicated a direct relationship between biscuit hardness, color and content of wheat and rice bran. Sensory evaluation performed by evaluators on biscuit samples also indicated a significant decrease, in case of increasing the amount of   wheat and rice bran and replacing the hydrothermal rice bran in the formulation. According to the results, the use of 4% hydrothermaled wheat and rice bran is suitable for enrichment of nutritional value of biscuits and it is suggested.

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Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder which can cause  serious damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine due to the consumption of gluten, and as a result, there is a decrease in the absorption of nutrients, which can lead to weight loss, anemia and malnutrition. Removing gluten from the diet of the affected person is suggested as a solution to control and curb this abnormality. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the possibility of producing cookies using rice flour, quinoa, carboxymethyl cellulose gum (1.5-3-5 percent) and gum extracted from the quince seed (1.5-3-5 percent) alone and evaluating its effect on the rheological characteristics of dough and textural properties of cookies. Based on the obtained results, it was determined that with the addition of gums, the viscosity increases compared to the control sample. Also by adding gums, Peak and Final viscosity increased and the setback viscosity decreased compared to the control sample. It was observed that the seed gum performed more effectively than showed carboxymethyl cellulose gum. So that the treatment with 5% quince gum  has the highest viscosity among the samples. Furthermore the addition of both types of gum resulted in reduced hardness, increased springiness and improved sensory characteristics. Based on the overall evaluation of the results of the present study, sample number 7 containing 450 g rice flour, 50 g quinoa flour and 5% quince gum is recommended as the best treatment.
 

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Tea, after water, is one of the most consumed beverages in the world due to its chemical compounds such as polyphenols, antioxidant compounds, and caffeine, which are beneficial. Factors such as tea leaf processing, harvest time, and cultivation region can affect the composition of tea leaves. This research was conducted in a factorial design and as a completely randomized design, with independent variables including raw green tea leaves, processed green tea, and black tea, and dependent variables in this design include measuring the amount of polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and The amount of caffeine and soil properties have been carried out in two harvest seasons: spring (May) and summer (July) and two cultivation zones in the east of Guilan (Lahijan) and west of Guilan (Fouman). According to the results, the interaction effects were, the moisture content of spring green tea in Fouman region (78.83%) was at its highest and summer green tea in Fouman region (6.22%) had the lowest value. The highest amount of solid matter was reported in summer green tea from the Fuman region (93.76%), while the lowest amount was found in spring green tea leaves from Fuman (21.20%) Additionally, the highest caffeine content was observed in spring green tea from Fuman (2.65%), and the lowest amount was in summer green tea leaves from Lahijan (1.87%) The highest and lowest levels of antioxidant compounds were also seen in both spring and summer green tea leaves from Lahijan, as well as in summer black tea from Fuman (57.27%). Furthermore, the highest amount of polyphenols was observed in the spring green tea from Fouman (12.37%), while the lowest amount was found in the summer green tea from Fouman (12.29%).