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Metaphor and its cultural specific attributes in translation is one of the main challenges in translatology. Translatability of metaphor is reduced due to its cultural impediments. This paper aims to investigate the relationship of metaphor to cultural models in translation. Three quatrains by Khayyam and their English and Kurdish translations were investigated. The results showed that the translators have succeeded in achieving equivalency when the metaphors are based on common cultural models, while the metaphors of uncommon cultural models are not properly transmitted. So the same mapping condition of Mandelblit’s theory is due to common cultural models, and different mapping condition is due to uncommon cultural models.  

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Abstract
Research subject: The pure Goethite nanoparticles were synthesized successfully with solution oxidation method and by using raw materials Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Research approach: In this study, the simulation of experiment was implemented by Minitab software, with complete factorial method, at 40°C, the variation of two parameters including the flow rate of entered gas in the solution reaction (Q) and mass percent ratio of raw materials (R) (mass percent of iron (II) sulphate to mass percent of sodium hydroxide), in two levels (Q=2 and 13.3 Lit/min) and (R=1 and 3) were evaluated. The qualitative analysis of results was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), synthesis of Goethite phase (α-FeOOH) confirmed Iron oxyhydroxide and the Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), illustrated that the synthesized Goethite has high purity percentage (≥99.8%). The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for Goethite reported a bar-shaped crystal structure, with an average particle Cluster size between (23-43nm), based on R and Q and by analyzing the oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) results, it was seen that the reaction time of Goethite formation is between 635-2210s.
Main results: The statistical analysis of results with Minitab software can create Correlation relations for Goethite, between two parameters(Q and R) and two response (reaction time(t) and average particle Cluster size(d)) at the temperature of reaction solution 40°C. regarding the relations, it was seen that at the temperature of reaction solution 40°C, with an increase in air flow rate(Q) and decrease of the mass percent ratio of raw materials(R), the reaction time and average particles Cluster size of Goethite decrease generally and vice versatile. Also, the percentage change (R) has a higher impact on average particles Cluster size and reaction time than changes (Q).
 

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Among the linguistic tools that can assist researcher in investigating the relationship between the speaker and the audience, are the linguistic "modalities" which are manifested usually in the form of affective speech acts. Some kinds of texts in which are manifested more colorful the speaker’s mentalities, feelings and values, imply the affective acts; also in Masnavi  that benefits from  the literary diversities, this feature allows the speaker to use language as a social reality and on the way to create communication with the audience, the diversity of linguistic modalities is undeniable.
Due to the linguistic characteristics of mysticism, studying those linguistic modals that reflect the ontological and epistemological aspects of text is important. This article aims to show how the speaker by the use of modals known as logical modals, can successfully form his ideas and states into words and by this way informs the audience on his intellectual and value system. For this purpose, this article refers to the provided classifications of the various linguistic modals; hence first it explains the relationship between the modal semi-auxiliary verbs and the epistemological system governing the text and then analyzes the text in accordance with these tools.
 

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Blast walls are implemented in order to attenuate the explosion blast wave and protect the important objects. These obstacles decrease the blast wave intensity by reflecting a portion of the wave to the explosion source and producing turbulence in the blast wave flow. The geometrical shape of the blast wall, as an influential factor, decrease the intensity and increase the protective effect of these obstacles. In this thesis, the angle of curvature of the canopy blast walls was studied to find the optimum angle with the most attenuation effect. To simulate the interaction of the blast wave with the blast wall, computational fluid dynamic with finite volume method and OpenFOAM software (an open source software) was used. The results of the simulation with LES turbulence model, was presented the more exact description for the attenuation of the blast wave interacted with the canopy blast wall. The comparison of the overpressure peak and the created vortexes behind the canopy and oblique wall, shows that the canopy wall was increased the attenuation of the blast wave up to 14%. On the other hand, by increasing the angle of curvature of the canopy wall from 0° to 67.5°, the attenuation of the interacted blast wave with the obstacle was increased step by step up to 4%.

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Numerical methods as one of the subcategories of theoretical models can predict the behavior of energetic materials with appropriate accuracy and away of experimental tests limitations. In this investigation, computational fluid dynamics tool has been used to predict the blast wave propagation with Consideration of geometrical obstacles. Two solvers (extendedSonicFoam and blastFoam) from the open source technology module, OpenFOAM  have been used for simulations and To enhance confirmation with reality, large eddy simulation method was employed for turbulence modeling. In addition to the ideal gas equation of state (EOS), the BKW EOS, which is a complete EOS with an explicit temperature dependence, have been used to correlate the various thermodynamic parameters. Several gauges were positioned to record the pressure-time signals and the experimental data reported in the resources were used for validation. It should be noted that the maximum error of simulations was 12.29% for different blast wave parameters. deviation from standard for ideal gas numerical results was greater than that of real gas assumption and blastFoam solver has been predicted maximum positive phase overpressure, arrival time and positive phase impulse, which are the important parameters of blast wave, with less error in comparison to extendedSonicFoam solver.