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One of the newest and the most comprehensive models for the behavior change is Information- Motivation- Behavioral skills (IMB) model. It is both simple and economic, and is of proper efficacy in the studies. IMB model as a health behavior change model is based on integration of the theories in social psychology and health education and promotion, emphasizing on information, motivation and behavioral skills as the basic determinants of the health-related behaviors The purpose of this article is to introduce the IMB model and by review of some studies based on this model; suitability of the model for health education and promotion interventions to be discussed. Iranian and foreign studies conducted using this model reveal the model's effectiveness in various health education disciplines. Although the IMB model has restrictions and disadvantages as any other health education and promotion model, IMB model-based interventions' advantages show that it is an applied model for changing health behavior.

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Osteoporosis, which is known as a silent epidemic, the most common bone disease in humans, representing a major public health problem worldwide. At least, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over the age of 50 will suffer a fracture resulting by weak bones impacting the quality of life and the independence of millions of people. Osteoporosis is considered a health problem in the Middle East countries including Iran. The level of awareness about osteoporosis among people and health care professionals are estimated not enough in many countries. Considering the importance of awareness about prevention and self-care behaviors of osteoporosis and in order to promote people's health literacy about this issue, the World Osteoporosis Day (WOD) was launched on October 20 International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). The WOD marks the launch of a year-long campaign to raising health literacy and awareness of the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disorder. It aims at putting bone health on the global health agenda and reaching out to policymakers, health providers and experts, the media, and the public. These campaigns involve patient societies around the world and have played an important role in raising public health literacy and awareness of bone health and the importance of preventing osteoporosis and fracture. Despite recording WOD in Iranian official calendar and public awareness programs regarding the prevention, self-care, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis and fragility fractures of it in our country, they need to be strengthened.

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Metaphor and its cultural specific attributes in translation is one of the main challenges in translatology. Translatability of metaphor is reduced due to its cultural impediments. This paper aims to investigate the relationship of metaphor to cultural models in translation. Three quatrains by Khayyam and their English and Kurdish translations were investigated. The results showed that the translators have succeeded in achieving equivalency when the metaphors are based on common cultural models, while the metaphors of uncommon cultural models are not properly transmitted. So the same mapping condition of Mandelblit’s theory is due to common cultural models, and different mapping condition is due to uncommon cultural models.  

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Abstract
Research subject: The pure Goethite nanoparticles were synthesized successfully with solution oxidation method and by using raw materials Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Research approach: In this study, the simulation of experiment was implemented by Minitab software, with complete factorial method, at 40°C, the variation of two parameters including the flow rate of entered gas in the solution reaction (Q) and mass percent ratio of raw materials (R) (mass percent of iron (II) sulphate to mass percent of sodium hydroxide), in two levels (Q=2 and 13.3 Lit/min) and (R=1 and 3) were evaluated. The qualitative analysis of results was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), synthesis of Goethite phase (α-FeOOH) confirmed Iron oxyhydroxide and the Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), illustrated that the synthesized Goethite has high purity percentage (≥99.8%). The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for Goethite reported a bar-shaped crystal structure, with an average particle Cluster size between (23-43nm), based on R and Q and by analyzing the oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) results, it was seen that the reaction time of Goethite formation is between 635-2210s.
Main results: The statistical analysis of results with Minitab software can create Correlation relations for Goethite, between two parameters(Q and R) and two response (reaction time(t) and average particle Cluster size(d)) at the temperature of reaction solution 40°C. regarding the relations, it was seen that at the temperature of reaction solution 40°C, with an increase in air flow rate(Q) and decrease of the mass percent ratio of raw materials(R), the reaction time and average particles Cluster size of Goethite decrease generally and vice versatile. Also, the percentage change (R) has a higher impact on average particles Cluster size and reaction time than changes (Q).
 

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Among the linguistic tools that can assist researcher in investigating the relationship between the speaker and the audience, are the linguistic "modalities" which are manifested usually in the form of affective speech acts. Some kinds of texts in which are manifested more colorful the speaker’s mentalities, feelings and values, imply the affective acts; also in Masnavi  that benefits from  the literary diversities, this feature allows the speaker to use language as a social reality and on the way to create communication with the audience, the diversity of linguistic modalities is undeniable.
Due to the linguistic characteristics of mysticism, studying those linguistic modals that reflect the ontological and epistemological aspects of text is important. This article aims to show how the speaker by the use of modals known as logical modals, can successfully form his ideas and states into words and by this way informs the audience on his intellectual and value system. For this purpose, this article refers to the provided classifications of the various linguistic modals; hence first it explains the relationship between the modal semi-auxiliary verbs and the epistemological system governing the text and then analyzes the text in accordance with these tools.
 

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• The goal of this study was to determine the absorption of five toxic heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Chromium, and Arsenic) in muscle tissues of eleven species of fish in the waters of Khuzestan province- Bandar Mahshahr.

Material and Methods: For this purpose, 66 fishes, with the typical market weight were randomly selected. After performing biometrics assessment on samples, the muscle tissue was removed. The amount of estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), maximum allowable consumption limit (Cr), maximum allowable meals consumed (CR) and adults and the hazard quotient of the consumption of these fishes with regard to non-cancerous diseases (THQ) for 11 species were calculated.

• The concentration of metals was lower in comparison with the standards of MAFF, NHMRC and WHO, but in some cases was higher than USEPA standard. The hazard quotient for non-cancerous diseases all eleven species less than one, and for lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic, was calculated to be 0.018, 0.0237, .0428, 0.1146, and 0.0295, respectively. Also, the total hazard index (HI) in this research was obtained to be 0.221.
• The analysis of the accumulation and consumption hazard of five heavy metals in eleven species under study from the coastal waters of Khuzestan- Bandar Mahshahr shows that although the consumption of these fishes any hazard to consumers in connection with their health, however, with regard to the amount of their consumption by pregnant women and children considerations must be complied with.

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Consumer behavior analysis is a fundamental issue in economics. The most prominent methodology that economists use to attribute preferences according to this principle is the revealed preference concept. Therefore, neoclassical utility function is capable to test the rational behavior hypothesis of consumer. In this paper, we formalize a method of revealed preferences in place of neoclassical utility function to test the hypothesis of rational behavior using the Iranian rural households’ consumption data over the period 1982-2005. According to results, we didn't detect any violations in the whole consumption data. But in agriculture commodities group, we detected 4 violations using generalized Afriat index ascribed to measurement error. overall, the findings of the study confirm the hypothesis of rational behavior. Thus, there exists a utility function that is non-satiated, continuous, monotonic, and concave that rationalizes the consumption data of rural households in Iran

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Aims: Nylon or polyamide is one of the most used and most important polymers used in the plastic and fiber industries of the world. For this reason, its use is less sensitive to the properties of its very poor biodegradability. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the biodegradability modification of synthetic polyamide 6 (pa6) fibers via in-situ melt blending with recycled poly (lactic) acid plastic food container flakes (r-PLA) during the melt spinning process.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, polyamide chips 6 in textile industry and Poly (Lactic) Acid Plastic Disposable Container Flakes were used. The weight loss, mechanical properties, and surface morphology variations of pure and modified fiber samples after soil burial test were analyzed for comprehensive biodegradability study of the modified fiber samples. Data were analyzed by One-Way Analysis of Variance.
Findings: The mechanical tests performed on Norris fiber showed successful production of blend fibers with the percentages of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 of the components of r-PLA and A 50% r-PLA fiber sample did not have acceptable mechanical properties. The changes of PA6/r-PLA blended fibers with a significant increase in r-PLA component in the PA6 substrate were significant.
Conclusion: The blend modified of PA6 and Poly (Lactic) recycled samples, with a composition containing from 5% to 40% of the dispersed recycled poly-lactic acid fraction have successfully melt spinning capability. By increasing the percentage of recycled poly lactic acid in the blended fibers, the mechanical properties show improvement in samples of 5% and 10% by weight and show reduction in higher percentages. Iincreasing the biodegradability of modified PA 6 fibers with increasing the r-PLA content is obviously confirmed.

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In after revolution penal law, especially Islamic penal code (note 1 from article 49), contrary to previous legislations, "religious puberty" age is determined as criminal age limit. In practice, penal authorities without producing a definition for the term "religious puberty", considere it equal to concepts inserted in civil code conforming to "sexual puberty" especially note 1 of article 1210 of that act. According to which, females of nine years old and males of fifhteen years old are considered criminally liable and punishable simillar to adults. But, in most of national legislations, principally minors under 18 years old have not criminal responsibility and if they commit a crime they are only expose to protective or correctional measures and other alternative actions that focus on rehabilitation of the minors. So, international human rights instruments such as infant convention and etc, have forbidden for minors under 18 years old using death and imprisonment penalties which are opposed to human right’s and have a negative impact on losing party. Also, in this provisions for the minimum threshold, it can not allowed the judiciary intervention and the application of sanction’s. Our evaluation shows Iran criminal policy about juveniles delinquent is contrary not only to international legislations and legislations of most countries of the world but also to all scientific criminal principles and rules from criminal sciences view point, especially criminology and psychology. Thus, present study tries to express through a comparative survey and analysis as far as possible the relevent short comings and the appropriate solutions.

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Village, like any other human phenomenon, has undergone various processes of change. As a historical necessity in relation to human needs, villages have appeared, developed and continued to survive. In this process, some of the villages amalgamated with each other or merged into nearby cities or as the result of population increase they transformed into new cities. In the process, some other encountered change or reduction in natural resources; local natural disasters; changes in socio-economic and political condition; and local periods of decline and even total abandonment, as a result of population decrease and mass emigration. These villages were either totally eliminated from geographical maps or began to adopt a new life, much or farms. The villages of Iran followed the same path. During past fifty years they have been under the deep changes and disorders in their social, cultural, economic and physical dimensions. Since identification and assessment of the rural changes is a part of rural geography studies, geographers using different methods, to explain the process of change in village life. This article is an endeavor to address the following two questions: 1.By using “Life Cycle Theory”, to what extent one can provide a new method of study in rural geography? 2Dose the “Life Cycle Theory” have incidental capacity to explain the process of evaluation in village life? This article, by relying on descriptive – analytical method, intends to illustrate the capacity of this theory to generalize this process, from geographic point of view. The assessment carried out indicates, that in spite of few criticism and limitations. The “Life Cycle Theory” has a high capacity to define and analyze the process of village changes. Rural Geography by utilizing this theory can introduce an applicable methodology for studies of changes in village life in Iran.

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There are many differences in opinion about determining the origin of contemporary Iranian history. Throughout the Pahlavi period, efforts were made to identify the coup of 1921 and the rise of Reza Shah as the origin of contemporary Iranian history. By drawing a dark picture of the general situation in Iran during the Qajar period, especially the critical situation of the country on the Eve of the coup of 1921, the Pahlavi supporters tried to introduce Reza Shah as the founder of modern Iran and the coup of 1921 as the origin of contemporary Iranian history. The main problem of this article is whether the coup of 1921 and the rise of Reza Shah is the origin of contemporary Iranian history? Evaluating and criticizing the ideas presented about Reza Shah by official historians of the Pahlavi period as well as some independent historians, the author argues that the origin of contemporary Iranian history is not the coup of 1921 or the reign of Reza Shah. Because the modernizations of Reza Shah's period, despite their vast and diversity, contained contradictions that makes Iranian society to internal tensions and crises, and the type of Reza Shah's monarchy belonged to the pre-constitutional period in terms of the logic of historical change and could never include Iran enter to a new era of civilization. Therefore, the origin of contemporary Iranian history is not the coup of 1921, but the Constitutional Revolution.

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Blast walls are implemented in order to attenuate the explosion blast wave and protect the important objects. These obstacles decrease the blast wave intensity by reflecting a portion of the wave to the explosion source and producing turbulence in the blast wave flow. The geometrical shape of the blast wall, as an influential factor, decrease the intensity and increase the protective effect of these obstacles. In this thesis, the angle of curvature of the canopy blast walls was studied to find the optimum angle with the most attenuation effect. To simulate the interaction of the blast wave with the blast wall, computational fluid dynamic with finite volume method and OpenFOAM software (an open source software) was used. The results of the simulation with LES turbulence model, was presented the more exact description for the attenuation of the blast wave interacted with the canopy blast wall. The comparison of the overpressure peak and the created vortexes behind the canopy and oblique wall, shows that the canopy wall was increased the attenuation of the blast wave up to 14%. On the other hand, by increasing the angle of curvature of the canopy wall from 0° to 67.5°, the attenuation of the interacted blast wave with the obstacle was increased step by step up to 4%.

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Ti-6Al-4V alloy due to excellent mechanical properties mainly is used in the aerospace, automobile and biomedical industries. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) are used extensively for machining of this alloy. Due to the thermoelectric nature of this process, unwanted changes happen on machined surface such as development of residual stresses and the change in the corrosion resistance. The aim of this study is the experimental investigation of the effect of input parameters (discharge current and pulse on time) on the amount and distribution of residual stresses and corrosion resistance changes of the machined surface in EDM process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. For this purpose, samples of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were machined by EDM process and residual stresses induced successive sparks in different setting (different discharge currents and pulses on time) were measured by nanoindentation method and SEM images of machined surface used to better assess of samples surface integrity. TOFL measurement method used to determine the corrosion resistance of the samples. Results indicate that at this process tensile stresses is formed on surface and mentioned stresses increase with depth initially and after reaching a maximum dropping out and eventually leads to pressure stress. By increasing pulse on time and discharge current, maximum tension residual stress only slightly increases and is near ultimate tensile strength of work piece material. Comparison of corrosion results indicated that the corrosion resistance of EDMed samples, was less than the not machined specimens.

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In today's competitive world, production and inventory control in small and medium enterprises (SME) is considered as an important issue by managers, because of the influence of factors such as fluctuations in demand and failure of machines. Network Failure Prone Manufacture Systems (NFPMs) are type of production systems that failure of machines is assumed for them. In this paper, a multi-product network failure manufacturing system with perishable items is studied. The production control policy is based on the hedging point policy that contains producing and maintaining of products in order to respond to demand and avoid shortages. In this system, demand is constant and shortages (backlog and lost sale) have been allowed. The main goal of this paper is to determine the optimal production rates that minimize expected value of total production, holding, shortage, and perishable costs. Because of uncertainly and complexity of these systems, simulation optimization has been done using ARENA software. Finally, numerical example will show the efficiency of the proposed approach.

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Quality is a concept that is based on the views of users, users needs and dominances is established. Thus, among the various groups of users have different meanings. statistics Data quality to the appropriate degree of confidence in them to meet the needs of users and the purposes specified in the survey . The perfect balance definition that was used in the past as well, because even if true Statistics can not be sure of the quality utility. In other words, a multi-dimensional quality statistics that are associated with all of its. Only one aspect of it is properly and it is perhaps the most important aspect. All aspects of quality are important However, in most surveys according to limited funds ,obtain statistics with the best level of quality in all its dimensions, it is almost impossible. This research based on SODA approach is monitoring data items quality from different directions and perspectives in order to problem structuring. Monitoring is base on documentation and scientific articles and semi-structured and depth interviews with experts in the field of statistics Data quality items Statistics Center of Iran. The researcher is trying to gather all the opinions of the experts, to structuring the relationship between the quality of its components and factors that affecting its. After setting out map to monitoring the data items quality, Level of quality items, its components, as well as factors that affect the relationship between the components are thoroughly characterized.

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Conflict modeling and analysis have been investigated within many disciplines. Metagame based methods are the most comprehensive models that have been used for conflict modeling and analysis. The literature review outlines that common interest in the gas field shared between Iran and Qatar and lack of power balance between the two parties have caused conflict. Moreover, no serious study has been done on the aspects involved in the conflict. In this research we acknowledge the lack of a comprehensive study on the gas field shared. We employed confrontation analysis and drama theory to shed light on the potential issues involved in this case. Based on the data collected from several in-depth interviews, we present a framework depicting influential factors on the case of shared field between Iran and Qatar. While research findings show that negotiation under the current circumstances is impossible, a positive situation for Iranian side in the future is predicted. The research also suggests an appropriate strategy not only to resolve the conflict in Iran-Qatar partnership, also facilitate the creation of fruitful collaboration between the two parties.

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Selection based on the traits affecting grain yield is used for its indirect improvement. The objective of the present study was to determine the quantity and mechanism of effects of agro-morphological and physiological traits on grain yield of bread wheat under terminal drought conditions. Thirty six advanced lines of wheat were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during three sequential growing seasons 2010-2013 under rainfed conditions. Stepwise regression, path analysis, and canonical correlation analysis were conducted. All three components of yield had a significant positive effect on grain yield. The first canonical variable of predictive traits (U₁) and yield components (V₁) were studied. In general, selection for shorter vegetative stage and longer grain filling period is recommended to improve wheat grain yield per plant under rainfed conditions. Also, the desirable lines were those that had high amounts of biomass, average plant height and spike length, and low amount of canopy temperature. These types of lines are expected to produce higher numbers of grain per plant (not per spike) and 1000-grain weight, simultaneously, and thus higher grain yield per plant.
 

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Aims: Premature ovarian failure is a syndrome causing amenorrhea, infertility, and increases gonadotropin levels before age 40. The use of chemotherapy drugs can be one of the reasons that lead to this disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of germ cells markers in mice model of premature ovarian failure following chemotherapy drugs.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 mature female mice were used to create a premature ovarian failure model, different amount of cyclophosphamide and busulfan were applied (experimental groups 1 to 5). Bodyweight change, vaginal smear, morphological alternation of ovarian tissue in both experimental and control (without treatment) groups were evaluated and for the best model, hormonal evaluation (FSH, E2), and expression of germline markers (Oct4, Dazl) were examined.
Findings: Since, in the second group estrus cycle disorder, the significant decrease in weight and ovarian reserve (p˂0.05) were observed, compared to the control group, so this group was chosen as the best model. An increase in FSH level and reduction in estradiol level in the second group, compared with the control group (p˂0.05), confirmed creation of the POF model. Also, genes expression of Oct-4 and Dazl showed an increase (p˂0.05) in the second group compared with the control one.
Conclusion: The presence of germ cells markers in a mouse model of premature ovarian failure following the use of chemotherapy drugs can be a new hope in the treatment of infertility in cancer patients after chemotherapy.
 

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Numerical methods as one of the subcategories of theoretical models can predict the behavior of energetic materials with appropriate accuracy and away of experimental tests limitations. In this investigation, computational fluid dynamics tool has been used to predict the blast wave propagation with Consideration of geometrical obstacles. Two solvers (extendedSonicFoam and blastFoam) from the open source technology module, OpenFOAM  have been used for simulations and To enhance confirmation with reality, large eddy simulation method was employed for turbulence modeling. In addition to the ideal gas equation of state (EOS), the BKW EOS, which is a complete EOS with an explicit temperature dependence, have been used to correlate the various thermodynamic parameters. Several gauges were positioned to record the pressure-time signals and the experimental data reported in the resources were used for validation. It should be noted that the maximum error of simulations was 12.29% for different blast wave parameters. deviation from standard for ideal gas numerical results was greater than that of real gas assumption and blastFoam solver has been predicted maximum positive phase overpressure, arrival time and positive phase impulse, which are the important parameters of blast wave, with less error in comparison to extendedSonicFoam solver.