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Showing 13 results for Tang


Volume 2, Issue 3 (Number 3 - 2000)
Abstract

ELISA values (O.D.s) of extracts of separately roots and individual leaves of barley and wheat plants infected by a French BYDV-PAV isolate (PAV-4), were assessed for five dif-ferent virus incubation periods in controlled conditions (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after in-oculation). In most cases, virus contents of individual roots or leaves were not statistically different for barley and wheat. For both plant species, ELISA values peaked sooner in roots than in leaves and in most harvesting dates were higher in roots. The old leaf had a significantly lower virus titre than other leaves. Upper leaves exhibited the highest ELISA values. These results indicate that the upper part of infected plants is the most suitable for virus acquisition by aphids. A scheme for BYDV-PAV spread in young plants is proposed, and compared to the distribution of vectors on the plants.

Volume 11, Issue 4 (Fall 2023)
Abstract

Aims: Indonesia is ranked as the 2nd highest country with tuberculosis burden worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the top five causes of death in Indonesia. Patients with DM are facing an elevated risk of tuberculosis. Private primary care centers contribute only up to 0.6% of the reported tuberculosis cases. To enhance tuberculosis notification rates, we developed an electronic tuberculosis screening tool for DM patients within private primary care centers.
Instrument & Methods: The initial phase of this descriptive study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data analysis from the RISKESDAS database to discern tuberculosis prevalence in DM patients. The second phase adopted a qualitative approach, incorporating interviews with private primary care centers regarding the current tuberculosis reporting process. The third stage involved system development of the e-screening tool. The fourth stage was a pilot project to evaluate the effectiveness of the e-screening tool prototype in increasing tuberculosis notification rates among DM patients. Two private primary care centers served as a setting to conduct the pilot project.
Findings: There were 33 patients with a high risk for tuberculosis. These patients were referred to the nearest Puskesmas for further tests. Ultimately, two patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis in four weeks of e-screening trial tests.
Conclusion: This research led to the development of a TB e-screening tool for DM patients, intended to improve tuberculosis notification rates in private primary care centers.

Volume 13, Issue 2 (Number 2 - 2011)
Abstract

Wheat starch is the most common type of starch in Iran as well as many other parts of the world with enormous applications in food and non-food products. To improve its physicochemical properties or create new functionalities, starch can be modified by changing its molecular structure. Amongst different methods for starch modification, physical methods have received more attention recently. Pre-gelatinization of starch is a physical method to modify the properties of native starch. The main aim of this research was to study the physicochemical properties of pre-gelatinized wheat starch produced using a small scale industrial twin drum drier. The results indicated that drum drying destroyed native starch granules, degraded molecular structure and reduced the degree of crystallinity of starch. Pre-gelatinized starch (PGS) showed cold water viscosity at 25 ºC, while native wheat starch was not able to increase the viscosity under this condition. It also increased water absorption and swelling of the starch compared to its native counterpart. Pre-gelatinized wheat starch can be used as a thickening agent in instant food products to eliminate heating stage in their production or in manufacturing of the products sensitive to high temperature.

Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract

Objective: Environmental awareness is defined as the level of people's information about environmental issues and the effective factors in its expansion and knowledge of how to behave to improve problems. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of environmental awareness on green human resource management with the mediating role of employees' green behaviors and green innovation and the moderation of servant leadership.
Methodology: The research is a descriptive survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population was 8000 employees of active petrochemical companies in South Pars region and the statistical sample was 370 people. Cronbach's alpha method was used to obtain the reliability of research variables. Partial least squares method (Smart pls) was used to measure the fit of the research conceptual model and hypotheses.
Research findings: The result of the research shows that environmental awareness has a significant effect on the green behavior of employees, green innovation and green human resource management. The green behavior of employees has a significant effect on the management of green human resources; But the effect of green innovation on green human resource management was not confirmed. The green behavior of employees plays a mediating role between green human resource management and environmental awareness; But the mediating role of green innovation and moderator of servant leadership between green human resource management and environmental awareness was not confirmed.
Research innovation:The investigated research helps the managers to put the process of selection, recruitment and green training on the agenda and to strengthen the awareness of human resources in the environmental field and by using the mediator role of green behavior of employees, green innovation and moderator of leadership. Servant, help to form an environment-friendly environment.

Volume 16, Issue 3 (Fall 2012)
Abstract

         The “Right to Strike”, as a fundamental right for demanding the legal claims of employees has maintained an important role in regulating the labour relations in the last decades. Importance of this fact, especially about the public sector servants with attention to organic sensitivity and function of this section, becomes multiple. Recognition of this legal phenomenon requires understanding the public sector servants, and illustrating the general approaches about recognition and regulation of this right. French approach is based on recognition and ensuring of this right about the mentioned servants with some restrictions and prohibitionsi, while English approach is based on denying the right natured of this right. With attention to legal vacuum of public sector servants’ right to strike in Iran, in this paper, we are going to investigate and analyze each of the mentioned approaches and theirs affects on regulating of the servants’ right to strike, and then select a dominant approach.        
*Corresponding Author`s E-mail: mdjalali@gmail.com

Volume 17, Issue 7 (Supplementary Issue - 2015)
Abstract

Evaluating fertilizer quality is important in selecting the appropriate fertilizers for agricultural production. In this experiment, the effectiveness of Composite Inorganic Fertilizer (CIF), Composite Organic Fertilizer (COF) and Foliar Spray of Multi-Nutrients (FSMN) on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were compared. The results showed that the applications of fertilizers enhanced the leaf area, photosynthesis rate, fruit setting rate, and average fruit weight, and yield. The fruit setting rate and average yield in COF treatment increased by, respectively, 25.16% and 81.91% when compared to the control (without fertilization). Also, the contents of reducing saccharide, vitamin C, and lycopene in tomato fruit improved, especially in the COF treatment, in which the contents of saccharide, vitamin C, and lycopene were higher than the control by 40.84%, 28.74% and 13.97%. Treatment CIF had similar effects on growth and yield when compared to COF, but the influence of CIF on the fruit quality was lower than that of COF. Meanwhile, treatment CIF also had the highest contents of nitrate and nitrite in the fruit (2.32 and 1.42 mg kg-1, respectively). In this study, FSMN was ineffective when used separately.

Volume 18, Issue 120 (February 2021)
Abstract

Cell membranes are the main preventive of intracellular solute extraction. Mechanical destruction and thermal treatment are pre-treatment methods commonly used to destroy cell membranes and facilitate the release of solute into the solvent during the extraction. However, the overall rupture of membranes requires excessive heating that leads to altering plant tissue, passing solid materials through membranes (such as pectin in sugar production) to the adjacent solvent, and altering the chemical structure cell walls by hydrolytic reactions which itself requires further purification cost. Applying a pulsed electric field (PEF) with low heat treatment of products significantly enhances mass transfer into the biological tissues of food crops, which leads to saving  much time and energy. In this study, extraction of sugar from carrots under both different pulsed electric field conditions (including  field strengths of  250, 750, and 1250 V/cm and number of 10, 45, and 80 pulses) and thermal treatments (20, 45, and 70ºC) was investigated based on full factorial design experiments. Carrot slices treated with PEF were suspended in water at the desired temperature and liquid to solid (L/S) weight ratio of  2. Immediately after the PEF treatment, a significant increase in the solute extraction was observed because of the cell membrane permeability, which led to the enhancement of solute convection on the surface of the tissue. 

Volume 22, Issue 10 (October 2022)
Abstract

Choosing the right equipment in terms of price, performance and reliability, is one of the main challenges in the automation industry. Among these equipments, electric motors are the most important elements which are widely used in the industries. Electro motors selection is made according to certain rules and principles, and it is very important to know the governing conditions. Using amotor with less power than required will lead to system failure and a motor with much more power will result in extra costs. In this article, scientific selection of an electric motor for the bending process in an automation system has been discussed. Using real conditions of a manufacturer and available data in articles and books, the necessary relationships were extracted. 28 number of motors (among the available ones) were nominated in the first stage of preliminary monitoring. Then, by applying other prevailing conditions and characteristics, 3 motors with different powers selected for final investigations. Eventually, after using Simscape simulations & exerting less energy consumption criteria, the 5RK90GE-CW2ML2 motor (manufactured by Oriental Motor Company) was selected and was approved after satisfying the power, quality and safety conditions.
 

Volume 23, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Abstract

Credit is a major tool and an important factor for tea production and farm outcome. Its demand from different lending sources has been increasing to meet capital investment in the tea sector. Accessed credit is to meet costs of tea production, mainly fertilizers, seedlings, and labor as well. Factors affecting access to credit have been a subject of vast debate in recent studies that credit seekers obtain credits only when they are eligible by complying with the requirements set by lending institutions. However, literature has limited findings on the behavior of small-scale borrowers in selecting a credit source and inducing factors. In particular, borrowing arrangements necessitate the analysis to inform policy makers on needed adjustment in the lending system to improve tea production and sector development. The study aims at disclosing responsible factors to choose a particular credit source by smallholder tea farmers. A survey was conducted with 358 tea growers selected randomly in two cooperatives that operated in Nyaruguru District. A multivariate probit model was used for analytical analysis. Borrowing from formal source (commercial banks) increased if borrower possessed collateral asset (85.5%), interest rate (85.0%) size of tea plantation (24.8%) and household composition (10.5%). Using informal sources increased if a farmer desired a small credit (83.2%), participated in technical training (76.9%), and received joint credit (46.9%), while a farmer was likely to use less informal sources if his/her farm size (39.9%) and household income (29.2%) were small. However, combining sources of credit was used by farmers as a safeguard strategy to acquire the desired loan. A government policy, which aims to increase productive investment, should emphasize integrating agricultural loans in financial system targeting smallholder farmers through their organizations where they can relax credit constraints.

Volume 24, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract

During threshing process, wheat stems are easily broken when subjected to the combined forces of continuous tension, bending and compression of threshing bars. To reveal the causes of breakage, it is very significant to study the broken morphology and minimum breaking force of wheat stems undergoing multiple forces combination sequence. In this study, the mechanical characteristics of wheat stems undergoing single and combined forces were tested and analyzed. The results showed that when wheat stems are subjected to single load, the internodes are easiest to be broken under tensile force. When mixed-mode conditions of various forces are applied, the internodes are most easily broken under the combination of cantilever beam bending and three-point tension and the nodes of wheat are most prone to breakage when subjected to three-point compression. Under all loading states, the nodes of wheat are most prone to breakage when subjected to three-point compression. The damaged areas of internodes tend to be broken more easily. Consequently, the research of minimum breaking force of wheat stems undergoing multiple forces combination sequence reveals the substance of the breakage of wheat stems during threshing process.

Volume 24, Issue 10 (October 2024)
Abstract

Passive vibration control of rotating nonlinear beams is crucial due to its potential to mitigate harmful vibrations in various engineering applications, including aerospace and industrial sectors. This study examines how different system parameters and inherent nonlinearities influence the vibrations of a nonlinear rotating beam subjected to periodic external forces. A nonlinear energy sink (NES) is attached to the beam's tip to attenuate vibrations. The system is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and von Kármán strain-displacement relations, with equations of motion derived via Hamilton’s principle. Complexification Averaging and Runge-Kutta methods are applied for analytical and numerical solutions, respectively. The findings reveal that increasing the stiffness reduces vibration amplitude, while a rise in the nonlinear coefficient induces hardening behavior. The system exhibits saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations under certain conditions, indicating complex dynamic transitions. These phenomena, driven by the beam's nonlinearity and the NES, effectively diminish the vibration amplitude, highlighting the system's complex dynamic responses and the NES's efficacy in vibration mitigation

Volume 25, Issue 3 (5-2023)
Abstract

Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) an important marine species of high economic value and excellent meat quality, has suffered great losses due to disease in high-density aquaculture. The macroalgae, Gracilaria pygmaea, which include various bioactive compounds, may serve as an immunostimulant in the aquaculture industry. This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary fish meal replacement with Gracilaria pygmaea meal on immunity, activity of liver antioxidant enzymes, intestinal tissue, lysozyme gene activity, and IGF-I gene activity in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). To this end, 120 individuals of Asian sea bass with an average weight of 28±0.5 g were divided into four treatments and three replicates and kept in 12 tanks (10 fish per 300-liter tank). Blends of soybean meal and fish meal were used as a Control diet (C). Experimental diets were prepared to substitute the fish meal with 3 (GL3), 6 (GL6), and 9% (GL9) of G. pygmaea in the basal diet. Fish were fed three times daily for six weeks. Dietary supplementation of G. pygmaea led to significantly increase in total immunoglobulin level compared to the control. The inclusion of G. pygmaea in the diet did not affect the antioxidant status of the fish. The histological analysis showed that fish of all groups exhibited normal morphology of anterior intestine and pyloric caeca. The obtained results showed that fish of GL9 and the control groups had the highest IGF-1 mRNA transcript abundance in the liver compared to the other groups. The changes of lysozyme expression noticed among the groups were statistically insignificant. Overall, the results obtained in this study indicated that dietary G. pygmaea did not cause adverse effects on immune status, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and lysozyme gene activity in Asian sea bass.

Volume 25, Issue 5 (9-2023)
Abstract

In order to improve the intelligent mechanized harvesting ability of small green vegetables, a self-propelled small green vegetables intelligent combine harvester was designed according to its planting mode and agronomic requirements. It can simultaneously meet the requirements of mechanized harvesting operations for cutting, clamping and conveying, and collecting of small green vegetables. Additionally, this model adopts the electric drive chassis of the pure electric drive intelligent battery management system based on BMS technology, which realizes the intelligent balance matching of power. The harvester adopts the intelligent control system controlled by PLC to automatically detect the walking speed of the machine, the height of the cutter and the transmission speed, etc., so as to realize the rapid matching of each working part. It was found that the proportion of electricity consumption of the harvester in two hours was 23%, with an average harvesting efficiency of 0.16 hm²/h. Besides, the average loss rate was 4.22% during the normal operation of the harvester. This study provides a reference basis for the intelligent mechanized harvesting of small green vegetables.

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