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Serum Level of Some Immunological Markers in COVID-19 Patients in Diyala Province, Iraq

Volume 10, Issue 4 (Fall 2024)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to measure the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and IFN-Ƴ in the sera of patients with severe COVID-19 in Diyala province in Iraq.
Materials & Methods: Blood samples were collected from 60 patients in Baquba Teaching Hospital in Iraq between January and April 2021, these patients had clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19, diagnosed by the hospital doctors; in addition, 30 samples were taken from healthy control people, and the levels of IL_1β, IL_18, and IFN_Ƴ markers were detected in COVID-19 patients and the control group by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique.
Findings: This study displayed the high level of IL_1β, IL_18, and IFN_Ƴ in COVID-19 patients compared with the control group (154.04 ± 16.54 versus 85.41 ± 8.9 pg/mL, 82.88 ± 7.96 versus 66.67 ± 9.34 pg/mL, and 116.06 ± 26.5 versus 97.96 ± 12.2pg/mL, respectively). This study also showed a high prevalence of COVID-19 in males compared to females. In the sera of COVID-19 patients, the levels of IL_1β, IL_18, and IFN_Ƴ were noticeably higher in females than in males.
Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the levels of IL_1β, IL_18, and IFN-Ƴ between the study groups; also, they were higher in females than in males.

Identification of microorganisms in industrial Iranian Doogh

Volume 13, Issue 57 (0-0)
Abstract
Doogh is a traditional Iranian fermented milk drink, which is produced by lactic fermentation of pasteurized milk. In order to isolate and identify the microorganisms present in Iran industrial Doogh samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied. Doogh samples were 17 name brands. After conducting the preliminary identification by microscopic observations and biochemical tests, in order to verify the obtained results the samples were pure-cultured which was followed by PCR and sequencing. According to the results obtained through sequencing of 16S rRNA, the identified bacteria belonged to lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis, L. fermentum, L. paracaseiand L. gallinarum); gram-posetive spore-forming bacteria (Bacilluslicheniformis, B. anthracis and B. subtilis) and acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter tropicalis and A. indonesiensis). Moreover, based on the results obtained by sequencing of D1/D2 26S rDNA the identified yeasts were including Pichia fermentans, Saccaromyces unisporous and Cryptococcus magnus. The obtaining of present study illustrated that in addition to identified non-starter lactic acid bacteria, other types of bacteria and yeasts were found in Iran industrial Doogh samples.
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