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As a trigger to communication, motivation still includes undiscovered aspects which require further investigation. Hence, considering the newly proposed dual continuum model of motivation, this study investigated the relationships among willingness to communicate (WTC), active/passive motivation, and foreign language achievement (FLA) among 216 high school English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. The modified version of the active/passive motivation scale (APMS) was revalidated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed significant relationships among active/passive motivation, L2WTC, and FLA. Additionally, six models were proposed for the prediction of learners’ L2WTC and FLA. The findings indicated that socio-cultural and sensory-perceptual active motivation as well as cognitive and sensory-perceptual passive motivation significantly predict learners’ L2WTC, while only cognitive active motivation predicts FLA. Furthermore, passive motivation predicts FLA in all sub-constructs. Finally, active motivation is a negative predictor of FLA if mediated by L2WTC. Overall, the study highlights the importance of passive as well as active motivation in promoting WTC and improving FLA among EFL learners.

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Throughout the history, women writers, regardless of geographical, historical and cultural variations, have always been faced with the same concerns and challenges. Women's literature depicts a world based on the masculine priorities and logic concerns. So, due to disturbing laws written by men, women writers have tried to use "feminine aesthetic" and find a proper language to express their concerns and aspirations. In this way, they were capable to represent a clear picture of the woman as it should be.  In Iranian and Italian contemporary literature, many women authors have created works based on women's issues. Among these works, we can mention the works of Zoya Pirzad and Alba Deses Pedes who narrate, in a specific manner, the same story about women's challenges and concerns. This paper applies "Theory of the Gynesis in Women Writing" to these two novels formed in two different geographical and cultural origins, and aims to answer the question of how the common characteristics of feminine writing engender fundamental similarities in plot, narrative and characterization? What we can say with certainty is that the characteristics and common factors in both text and meta-text of these two feminine writings engender a realistic and measured image of "women situation" in these two societies

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Aim: Insufficient physical activity in women exposes them to problems such as overweight, diabetes, depression and cardiovascular diseases on top. In between, employees have minimum physical activity due to type of their job. The goal of this study was determining psychological factors effective on the physical activity of women working in University of Tehran based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: The research population included female office workers from the University of Tehran, who were selected through a call at this university in 2014 for this descriptive analytical cross-sectional study. For data gathering, a questionnaire was used with acceptable validity and reliability including demographic information and constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as well as International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS21. The statistical bivariate correlation test and stepwise regression test were employed at the significance level of 0.05. Findings: In this study, behavioral intention had a positive and significant relation with perceived behavioral control (P=0.000) and attitude (P=0.042). Also behavioral intention had a positive and significant relation with physical activity (P=0.000). Stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate important factors effective on prediction of behavior and intention; it determined 40% of intention variance (R2= 0.408). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that constructs such as attitude and perceived behavioral control can be effective on the behavioral intention and physical behavior of female employees; therefore, these factors must be seriously considered in educational planning for this group of the society.

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Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitidae) is the most economically destructive wood pest in structures in Khuzestan province (Iran). Chemicals such as essential oils and plant extracts that are compatible with the environment and have high potential to be used in integrated pest management programs are extremely important resources. This study evaluated contact and digestive toxicity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehneh. (Myrtaceae)essential oil in no-choice and choice bioassays and feeding inhibition trials on M. diversus. Concentrations of the essential oil ranged from 0.3 to 1.6%. The results of the choice tests and feeding inhibition trial showed that the essential oil could act as a repellent at 0.7% concentration. Concentrations used in these tests resulted in mortality of termites, and a direct relationship between concentration and mortality was observed. The essential oil also increased the mortality of termites at concentrations higher than 0.7%. Termite feeding decreased with increase in concentration. Due to the ability of termites to choose the untreated filter-paper in the choice trial, values of LT and LC, were higher than in no-choice trials. The highest effects of Eucalyptus essential oil (≈100% mortality) was obtained by the concentration 1.6%. Overall, this study reveals that Eucalyptus essential oil may be suggested as an effective toxicant with suitable contact and digestive toxicity on M. diversus.  

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Supply chain Integration importance leads to this believe that some scholars express that the whole concept of supply chain management is derived from integration. Providing the basis for creation and effective continuation of supply chain management requires the recognition of main factors affecting the integration. Studies reveal that the organizations with higher levels of social capital are more successful than their rivals. So, the purpose of this study is to surveying Social Capital Influence on Supply Chain Integration. Considering the purpose, this study is applied research, and based on its research methodology, it is a correlation descriptive, and it is specifically based on the structural equation models. The population consisted of 435 organizations in food industry of Fars province in Iran, and via employing stratified sampling, 124 executives related to supply chain management were selected and the questionnaires were distributed and collected data were analyzed. This model suggests that five factors influence Supply Chain Integration, and the purpose of the research was to investigate the influence of social capital on these factors. The results indicated that the social capital has positive and direct relation with integration, communication pattern, trust and commitment and has no direct relation with power and attitude.  

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The effect of pistachio green hull (PGH) at 0, 1.5, 4.5, 13.5 and 27% of the diet on the growth, blood biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of 27.03±0.58 g was investigated in a completely randomized design and in three replications with 14 fish individuals in each. At the end of 8 weeks feeding trial, blood samples were randomly taken from 4 individulas in each replication. Results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in SGR and FCR between 27% treatment and other treatments. No significant differences in Alb, Glo, Tg, GOT (p>0.05) were observed among treatments. Tp (2.76±0.15 g/dl), LDH (2139±44.26 IU/l), ALP (331.9±21.4 IU/l), GPT (407±17.82 IU/l), Hb (8.73±0.7 g/dl) and Hct (33.33±2.28%) had significant differences in group receiving 27% PGH compared with other group (p<0.05). Results showed that high levels of PGH in the diet of rainbow trout had adverse effects on health and growth factors.

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Aims: Vibrio cholerae is one of the intestinal gram-negative bacteria, causing cholera disease in developing countries; the two serogroups of O1 and O139 are the main causes of diarrhea. The bacteria resistance pattern to antibiotics varies in different countries. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance pattern of the isolates to representative antibiotics.
Materials & Methods: A total of 20 V. cholerae clinical strains were isolated from patients with cholera in Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran during 2012-2013 outbreaks. After being identified by biochemical and molecular techniques, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for 6 antibiotics according to CLSI standards. Then, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined for tetracycline and erythromycin, using E-Test method.
Findings: All of the isolates were EL Tor biotype, O1 serogroup, and Inaba serotype. All of isolates were resistant to erythromycin and nalidixic acid, and 50% were resistant to tetracycline, while no resistance was observed against to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and ampicillin.
Conclusion: The sensitivity of all clinical isolates to antibiotics mentioned suggests that these antibiotics can likely be used in cholera disease treatment.

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Parody is one of the literary sub-genres which mocks its main genre. On the basis of value and significance of the main genre and also the structure and nature of parody, it can be considered as an independent genre. Since meaning in literature is one of the main elements and it has a central role in both language and imagination, it is of considerable importance in literary works. Therefore, one of the most important kinds of parody which is called tazriq in Persian literature has been formed in this field. In fact, one of the goals of parody is to entertain the audience and make them laugh, and tazriq satisfies this goal very well. Though there are a few differences, this kind of parody can be found in western literature where it is called nonsense verse. This article tries to compare the main aspects of these two kinds of parody.

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Lovastatin is a potent agent for lowering cholesterol of blood. Since one of the main reasons of mortality in developing countries is cardiovascular disease, which is caused by precipitation of fatty acid (especially cholesterol) in blood vessels; therefore diets containing lovastatin may prevent this type of disease. In this study, Lovastatin, monacolin K or competitive inhibitor of the HMG-CoA reductase (operative enzyme for cholesterol synthesis) was produced by submerged fermentation using Monascus purpureus PTCC5303. Seven chemical and nutritional parameters including maltose, peptone, MgSO4.7H2O, MnSO4.H2O, KH2PO4, thiamin and pH screened using Plackett Burman experimental design for monacolin production. Among different parameters, maltose and MgSO4.7H2O showed significant effect on biomass and monacolin production. The concentration of these agents were optimized using response surface methodology for lovastatin production in the shaker flask. The optimized medium contained 26 g/L maltose, 5 g/L peptone, 0.1 g/L MgSO4.7H2O, MnSO4.H2O 0.5 g/L, 4 g/L KH2PO4, Vitamin B1 0.1 g/L and pH 7. After 10 days of fermentation in the shaker flask with 130 rpm agitation and 30 ºC, we achieved maximum lovastatin production which was 63 mg/l.

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The effects of alcoholic extract from pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel on some hematological and biochemical parameters, including RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, TP, CHO, GLU, LDL, HDL, Glb, TG, GOT, GPT, Alb, ALK, LDH, and lysozyme activity of common carp )Cyprinus carpio( fingerlings (11.73 ± 1.81g) were studied for a period of 75 days. Treatments included different concentrations of ethanol extract of pomegranate peel (Zero: control, 50, 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg of diet). At the end of experiment, all fish were sedated for morphometric measurement and blood sampling. Significant increases in Hb, Hct and RBC in groups 300 and 600 mg/kg of diet were observed (P<0.05). Total protein in groups 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg of diet showed a significant difference with other groups (P<0.05). Lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced in all diet containing pomegranate peel extract compared to the control group (P<0.05). In brief, the present study revealed an overall improvement in hematological parameters and lysozyme activities and total protein when 300 mg pomegranate peel extract was used in the diet.

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Aims: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) has infected more than million hundreds of people worldwide. Hence, a high rate of morbidity and mortality caused by liver-related diseases is due to HBV infection. However, a strong and effective treatment should be based on an accurate and correct diagnostic method. Hence, the present research provided a multidimensional study comparing and analyzing patients’ molecular and serological tests results.
Materials & Methods: In this research, the HBV DNA molecular tests results were studied by examining patients’ gender, age, and HBsAg strip results.
Findings: Among the female patients (29 persons) studied in this research, 55.1% were positive for HBV DNA and HBsAg strip tests, and 17.3% were negative for both tests. Also, among the male patients  (44 persons), 65.9% were positive, and 6.8% were negative for both tests.
Conclusion: The present study results shed light on the correlation between the HBV DNA and HBsAg tests. Also, the significance of HBV DNA tests was highlighted for particular diagnostic purposes and for the differentiation and interpretation of the pathophysiological conditions of patients with hepatitis B.

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Despite organizations become technological and are changed into a pile of hardware nowadays, the role of human as a vital and strategic factor for survival of organization is noticeable. Human resources are the most worth resource in modern organization. Because they form organizational decisions, solve the organizational problems and materialize productivity. As human resources are important and have a noticeable role in the organization, human resources allocation is important too. This research has been performed in 23Shiraz emergency centers. For practical use of models, important factors for optimal human resources allocation in Shiraz emergency centers were determined by interview and checklist. Then human resources allocation was done in 23 Shiraz emergency centers by using CDEA model. Number of missions, ambulances and requests were predicted for efficiency calculation after optimal allocation by regression method. Efficiency comparison after and before allocation showed efficiency average has increased in centers.

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Backgrounds: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor of S. aureus, leading to its high resistance to antibiotics and evasion from host defenses. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of biofilm-producing S. aureus strains and characterize genes involved in biofilm formation.
Materials & Methods: A total of 79 S. aureus strains were isolated from 1000 clinical samples and characterized using phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular tests. The biofilm production ability of isolates was examined using the microtiter assay. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in biofilm production (psm A and psm B) was screened using real-time PCR. Finally, antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer method and interpreted according to the CLSI M100 standard.
Findings: Out of 79 S. aureus isolates, 43 (54.4%) isolates were strong biofilm producers, 21 (26.6%) isolates were weak biofilm producers, and 15 (19%) isolates were non-adhesive. The results of real-time PCR showed that 55 (86%), 60 (93.7%), and 46 (58.2%) isolates were positive for psm A, psm B, and both genes, respectively. The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all the isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of biofilm-forming S. aureus strains in hospital environments could be a major health challenge with serious outcomes for hospitalized patients. Thus, it is necessary to disinfect hospital environments to reduce the risk of infection and spread of these microorganisms.
 

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Aims: Recognizing the environmental factors affecting plants structural trials and biomass is important to conserve plants as well as their ecosystem function, and services. Onobrychis aurea is a valuable forage that is distributed in the marl lands and is considered as an endangered plant species in Iran. In the present study, the ecological characteristics (plant traits) of this species has been investigated in detail.
Materials & Methods: For this purpose, structural traits and biomass of O. aurea were investigated in 12 ecological units with different topographical and soil conditions. Three soil samples were taken to 15cm depth, (0-15cm) in each ecological unit. The relationship between structural traits and species biomass with environmental factors was tested by redundancy analysis (RDA) method in 2016.
Findings: The results indicated that the soil characteristics including clay, lime and silt content play a more important role in the structural and biomass traits of O. aurea evidence show. Spatial and topographical factors, especially elevation and geographical aspects, had a smaller contribution in structural traits and species biomass in comparison with soil factors. Higher structural values were recorded in heavy textured alkaline soils. The slope percentages also have no significant effect on plant characteristics.
Conclusion: The present study indicated that the soil and topographic factors are very important for management of O. aurea. In general, it should also be emphasized that having good knowledge related to plant ecology as well as environmental condition could help managers to conserve and rehabilitate endangered plants.

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Karnameh, Shahrashub, Senfi (guild)poetry, and Shahrangiz are the names that are used often interchangeably in the sources due to some similarities and the fact that they share the same root. However, these genres have enough nuances that can distinguish them into four separate genres. Of course, it is more difficult to consider karnameh as a genre since there are few and sometimes incomplete examples of it and that, practically, karnameh is transformed into shahrashub at last. The same is true about senfi poetry in which the professions are described poetically and the craftsman is portrayed as the beloved but, later, they were entered into shahrangiz genre and sometimes became extended and coherent works instead of scattered poems. Identifying the delicate features of these genres requires a lot of precision and, indeed, the inaccuracies have caused some of the experts and scholars to confuse these genres. However, it should be noted that, even at the time of their currency, poets and literary figures considered them as not following any norm and convention. Drawing on original sources and taxonomical studies, this research aims to identify and represent the nuances of each of these genres. 

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Narration of the Risalat al-tayr (TREATISE OF THE BIRDS) has an important place among the educational works in Persian Literature. In each story, value/s are defined by means of actors trying to achieve them.  The narrator makes an attempt to get the actor to the axiological system of story and create narrative periods. By Narrative periods we mean that from the 1960s (the peak of structuralism till now), narrations have been based on a model, each period is different from the other in terms of theoretical and semeiotic and semantic aspects. Semiotics and semantics tries to categorize the narrative periods of classic and modern literature. Identification and exploration of narrative periods of Farsi and Arabic Risalat al-tayr with focus on investigation of axiological system of dialogue allows us to move beyond this generation and provide a model for narrative division of the literary texts.
In this regard, the purpose of this research is to investigate the narrative periods based on Manṭiq al-ṭayr (conference of birds) by Attar in order to explain the related model to study the narrative systems. Narrative periods make us encounter with the transformation of the narration. For this purposes, one of the research goal is to provide the narrative periods based on Manṭiq al-ṭayr in order to provide a comprehensive method to literary text analysis.  It is assumed that in Manṭiq al-ṭayr this function has a multiple concept. In other words, the actor experiences different periods to reach the value. Other questions are also as follows: what are the underlying components of the axiological system in   Risalat al-tayr? How these components are organized?  With investigation of Risalat al-tayr, which is the suitable method to measure the effect of the stories on each other. Risalat al-tayr uses a unique similitude in storytelling, for this reason, it benefits from a special kind of narration.  So, by investigating the narration of this text, it is possible to understand the mentality of the narrator and depict the effect of these stories based on their narrative style in order to reach a model of studying the narrative transformation. To this end, the authors have adopted Paris school Semiotic approach. The findings of the present research indicate that the Risalat al-tayr is totally composed of narrative periods including “Programmed Actional Regime, “Interactional  system based on dialogue  and negotiations” “ Actional  regime based on competence” , “ Passive tension” , “ Sensible paradigm based on subject adjustment to the existence”, and “ attraction- correlation and assessment”. First and second periods are called tension periods and are an introduction to the periods of action, sensation, and assessment. Only Manṭiq al-ṭayr by Attar contains all these periods. In other treatises, only some of these periods are observed. In the first three periods and the period of assessment, the value of thing is outside the actors and in the periods of tension, sensation and attraction, the value is in the subject. In all of these texts, the value is added one by one to the text.

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Aims: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as an important opportunistic bacterial pathogen associated with nosocomial infections. Therefore, it is important to identify this bacterium in clinical samples and report the results to health authorities. The aim of this study was the molecular identification of some virulence factors and fosfomycin resistance genes in P. aeruginosa strains.
Materials & Methods: A total of 100 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from clinical samples of patients with eye infections in three distinct laboratories in Tehran hospitals (Pars, Milad, and Motahari). The antibiogram of all isolates against eight antibiotics was determined by standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Then DNA was extracted from the isolates, and the frequency of exoY, exoT, exoU, exoS, fosC, fosB, and fosA genes was evaluated by multiplex PCR (polymerase chain reaction).
Findings: The highest resistance was observed to cotrimoxazole (85%), ceftazidime (83%), cefotaxime (79%), and cefepime (72%), and the highest sensitivity was observed to ciprofloxacin (55%), gentamicin (52%), and piperacillin (41%), respectively. Out of 60 investigated isolates, 58 isolates were positive for exoY, exoT, and exoU, while only four isolates were exoS positive. In addition, one strain (1.66%) had the fosC gene, two strains (3.33%) had the fosB gene, and 12 strains (20.02%) had the fosA gene.
Conclusion: The results showed that the frequency of fosfomycin resistance genes, whose protein product modifies the epoxide group of fosfomycin and reduces the effectiveness of this antibiotic, was significantly low in the investigated strains.

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Despite the differences that recently have arisen in determining the meters of the folk poetry, it can be said with confidence that the meters of the folk poems follow the rules of syllabic accentual meters. Work songs (work poetry) is a branch of folk poetry which is read in harmony with the rhythm of the work and it has work-related content. Workers recited these poems in groups or individually to refresh themselves, making work easy and faster. In this article, at first, we have defined the work songs and its types and characteristics, and then analyzed the meters of these poems from two perspectives: the quantitative meters, and the syllabic accentual meters. We have found that the work songs follow the syllabic accentual meters and there is a significant relationship between the meters of work songs in a specific branch. The work songs also match the rhythm of the work. Also, by changing the work rhythm, it takes on different rhythms as well.

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Aims: Colorectal cancer is a global health problem, but most of these patients are curable through early diagnosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention through a campaign on health anxiety and participation of middle-aged people (ages 50-70 years) in CRC screening based on the Health Belief Model in urban areas.
Materials & Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 390 people in age range 50-70 years in Parsian in 2021. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale and Health Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. The educational intervention was carried out in the form of a campaign through educational video clips and a banner for four weeks. Data analysis was done in SPSS 26 software using descriptive statistics and univariate analysis of covariance.
Findings: There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean scores of the Health Belief Model scale (knowledge, perceived severity, perceived sensitivity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and action guide) and the health anxiety questionnaire (consequences of disease and probability of disease) after the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The constructs of the Health Belief Model are good determinants of the action of high-risk individuals to undergo fecal occult blood testing. This highlights the necessity of implementing comprehensive educational programs focusing on the constructs of the Health Belief Model in this population.
 

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The nature of metaphor, metaphoric understanding, and its functions have been recognized as three main issues in research and theoretical formulations on metaphor and metaphor processing. In general, metaphor is defined as understanding and experiencing one thing based on another. Metaphor can also be considered as an expression that has two conceptual domains in which one of the domains is experienced and understood according to the other. These two conceptual domains are known as target domain and source domain. In this study, we examine the relationship between conceptual metaphor and formation of a schema in short texts regarding target and source domains.
    The main tools of the study were the texts written in fluent Persian and divided into two categories of metaphorical texts and their equivalent non-metaphorical versions. Both texts have had a shared schema. Furthermore, the number of words were equal in both texts. For this purpose, 3 metaphorical and 3 equivalent non-metaphorical short texts were designed in Psychopy software in 2 visual and auditory versions and 47 people were exposed to the short-term recognition after reading/listening to it. There were eight texts including 3 metaphorical and 3 non-metaphorical ones plus 2 texts that were used as filler texts which were excluded from the final analyses. The texts were organized in such a manner that the metaphorical text played before its corresponding non-metaphorical text with an interval. At the next round, the non-metaphorical text was played before its metaphorical version.
    The sample was selected through convenience sampling which included 80 twenty to twenty-five-year-old students of Foreign Languages School and Management School of Allameh Tabatabai University in Tehran. Since variations in memory capacity can affect the test results, they were given a Persian word recognition test to ensure relative consistency among all participants' memory capacity.
     The test processes in the visual and auditory tests were the same except in the method of presenting the texts on the screen or playing through the headphone.
    In this study, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for analyzing the data and providing tentative answers to the research questions. All the analyses were implemented SPSS V.23 software. To analyse the data in each of the visual and auditory tasks separately, Friedman non-parameter test was used. For comparing the data of the visual and auditory tasks, Mann-Whitney test was used.
    Results indicated that in metaphorical texts, there are traces of the non-metaphorical text`s main schema. This finding brings us closer to the assumption that it is source domain`s schema that projects on target domain in metaphors and makes it more understandable.