Showing 6 results for Sedghi
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract
Chivalry and agility that is also translated as "generosity" have been very important phenomenon in the social history of Iran and surrounding countries and is a spiritual way of life that seems to have its roots in pre-Islamic Iran. They are divided into different categories that are called as ‘caliber’ and ‘brat’ in Persian and Arabic literature, respectively. Caliber was a group that had made ethics and campaign-specific career choice and self-indulgence and brat also defined as impoverished with no money, on the other hand people who had no interest in wealth and joined that house because of poverty and social imbalance. This study relying on comparative literature of American schools that merely doesn’t see the criteria existence of affect and affected attempt to make a comparative study of these two emerging fields within the common social and ethical implications. It seems that the main reason behind the formation of each of two groups was lack of community-based justice and social harmony. The most common social and moral characteristics of the two groups are: clemency; patience in the face of adversity, courage, generosity, support for the poor; combat skills including shooting, fighting, theft and robbery. This article also refers to common moral and social characteristics and examines the reasons behind the rise of the two groups.
Volume 2, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
The function of traditional characters in the modern poetry Arabic and Persian has different aspects, which using the mask of characters is one of the most important of them. Nowadays, the poets use the mask as an eloquent and artistic technic to explain about their ideas. Sometimes, they apply the mask of a religious character to confabulate with the audiences by it. Shamlu and Adonis used “religious mask” in their poetic works to visualize their thought. Thus the fundamental function of religious characters can be seen in their works because they wanted to benefit the actual and potential capacity of characters. This research is based on the analysis-narration criticism, and will study the fundamental usage of religious mask in the poets of Shamlu and Adonis based on narrative structure and images of their works. For this purpose, firstly, we studied the concept and meaning of religious mask and the reasons of its function in modern poetry; then we looked for the fundamental function of religious mask in the poets of Shamlu and Adonis to gain similar and different aspects of their application.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
In the theoretical studies about the government in the history of Iran, the three types of political systems, "righteous" and "devout" Kingdom, the "totalitarian" of "Oriental despotism" and "feudal" state have been studied. The first view was raised by the secretaries such as the agents of Iranian monarchy and the intellectual elite of political thought of Iranshahri. Two other views belong to the orientalism intellectual discourse. Generally, in the studies that belong to the western scholars, the government in the history of Iran has been described as an example of "oriental despotism" and "patrimonialism" on the dominant bureaucracy. While the Marxist-Leninist Scholars have defined the government in history Iran as a feudal structure and representative of feudal classes. All of the discussed views about the construction and function of government in the history of Iran are ideological and one-sided, Because all of these analytical approaches are discourses of the power. For this reason, a critical study of the intellectual field of these theoretical approaches about the understanding of the government in the history of Iran is the basic purpose of the present study.
Volume 14, Issue 4 (7-2012)
Abstract
Drought is an important abiotic stress limiting plant performance. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced under stresses. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of phytohormones on the changes of antioxidant enzymes and carotenoids in petals of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under drought stress. Results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) increased 47 and 73%, respectively, in petals under water deficit conditions compared with the control plants. Spraying with gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) alleviated drought effects, but application of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and brassinolid (BR) induced the activity of these enzymes. In the case of peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), GA3 enhanced the enzyme activity unlike the other enzymes and the rest of the phytohormones had no significant effect on POD activity under either stressed or non-stressed condition. Concentration of carotenoids was affected by drought and hormone treatments. Concentration of carotenoids increased under water deficit but, GA3, BAP and JA had inhibitory effects on lycopene and carotene synthesis, while the rest of the hormones increased them. Spraying with GA3 increased luteoxanthin concentration in petals by 35 and 20% in comparison with the non-stressed and stressed environments, respectively. The decrease in POD activity under stress suggests that other mechanisms might be involved for ROS scavenging in petals of pot marigold.
Volume 22, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract
Navab is a dissident poet and political thinker. He believes that he has responsibilities in relation to the Arab community and the Arabic governments. The present study is an attempt to study rebellion poem in Arabic Contemporary Literature, Assuming that he is one of the political opposition Arab governments, so in this article we will study poetry which was written in the space of censorship prohibition, repression, imprisonment and torture and has entered the community despite crackdown. Particular method of research is descriptive analytical. The writer’s perspective is based on: Subject and content of the poem, is a Motivational and purpose. Also we used deductive and analytical methods, Because Subject paper is the Intellectual, political, and psychological. This study is built the main question; what is the terms and concepts, rebellion poem in poetry navab? The findings show; 1. Protest and reflection that is illustrator poet suffering, which is imposed the poet for against tyranny and freedom of people; 2. Protest poetry is a reflection of dreams revolutionaries in Iraq and other Arabic countries; 3. Concepts human codes are focused on authoritarian regimes and Arabic revolutions and win them over domineering powers.
Volume 28, Issue 4 (1-2022)
Abstract
Human intellect has a criterion presence in all three types of laws, that is, worthy to know the divine law, discover the natural law, and enact the human law. Religious communities practice on the basis of the divine law, whereas; secular communities operate on the basis of custom and human interests. The question is whether a common ground can be reached in the legislation of religious and non-religious communities? This article, in a descriptive-analytical manner, seeks to examine the theoretical foundations of Khajeh Nasir and Thomas Aquinas and attempts to find a solution to the problem in relation to reason and law. The findings of this study show that to Khawjeh and Thomas, law is attached to reason which is common among all human beings. Therefore, it can be a common basis for legislating religious and non-religious people. Contrary to the views of some Christian and Muslim theologians who do not consider reason worthy of legislation, Thomas considers natural law to be the participation of rational creatures in eternal law, and according to Khajeh, divine law is acceptable if it is not contrary to reason. Also, human law is binding only if it is compatible with the law of nature and justice. Thomas clarifies that if law is not in accordance with natural law; it is unjust and could not be considered law at all. Hence, people have right to disregard the law of oppressive rulers. In this regard, the theory of "social contract" and the pros and cons, including the views of Grossius, Rousseau, Hobbes, Fuller, and Finnis are also mentioned.