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Objectives: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant predisposition to colon cancer. This hereditary genetic disease is characterized by more than 100 adenomatous polyps in colon and rectum. Additional features may include desmoids tumors, polyps in the upper gastrointestinal tract, osteomas and Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRPE). A mutation in APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) is found in the majority of cases. Mutation detection and genetic analysis of APC in this syndrome is highly recommended as the penetrance is almost 100% by 40 years of age. The APC gene expanding on 5q21-q22 has 15 exons and has an ORF with 8538 nucleotides which codes a protein with 2843 amino acids. Materials and Methods: 5 families among 150 families were selected according to accepted diagnosis criteria of FAP. CSGE (Conformation Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis) technique for the first time was set up to screen mutations in all 15 exons of APC gene by this technique. Direct sequencing was used as gold standard to confirm CSGE results. Results: CSGE analysis showed electrophoresis migration anomalies and heteroduplex formation in exon 15 of APC in all patients. Further analysis by direct sequencing characterized these heteroduplexes as deleterious mutations. These mutations can be classified as non sense, frame shift and deletion. Conclusion: For the first time, CSGE technique was set up for mutation screening of coding and some parts of non coding regions of APC. In comparison with other screening methods, this technique has many advantages so it can be used in routine clinical laboratories. As mutation detection in APC is laborious, needs high tech technology and is expensive, finding sensitive and cost effective mutation screening technique would have direct positive effect on clinical management of families with familial susceptibility to colon cancer.

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The increasing trend of manpower and financial investments have made information technology productivity more important than before. Researches show various results of information technology productivity. While some of the researches attribute the improvement and increase of productivity and profitability to the information technology, others consider the real profits of information technology disappointing and even pretend that information technology has not been able to increase productivity and create economic advantage. The present research covers the information technology productivity at the economy level (industry level) and has a different assessment of information technology productivity criteria through studying whole economic guidelines as well as industrial guidelines. The results of the field research and surveying the records and valid statistics made it clear that although there is not a meaning ful disparity between manpower and financial investments, there is a gap between existing information technology productivity and the prospective one. In this article, besides stating the study criteria and presenting hypotheses and research findings, the different criteria of assessing information technology productivity have been taken into consideration.

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As age grows, changes in the characteristics of the mental system, personality, mood, as well as the physiological aspects of the managers and changes in their behavior are created. These behavioral changes in managers can be externalized and show it in organizational behavior. The aim of research is investigating and   describing the role of personality development due to the increasing age of managers on organizational climate. The method used in this study is causal-comparative method and 72 companies senior managers and their employees have been studied in two groups. The results showed that the characters of narcissism, perfectionism, excitement seeking and stress coping have changed with the age of  managers. Also, the Average test of two communities shows a significant difference on the seven components of organizational climate (Esprit, harassment, Hindrance, Intimacy, consideration, Aloofness and Thrust in the organizational climate) and in relation to the component of Production emphasis, was not significant difference in quantity in the two test group which indicates that managers of all ages emphasize production, which is the main goal of  organization. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed  that  personality components  affected on the organization's climate components.