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Showing 20 results for Samie


Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract

Background and Objectives:HBV and HTLV-I are life threatening infectious agents in patients who receive blood and blood products. Although serological methods have been proved to be useful, detection of these viruses has remained a challengingissue due to the many obstacles. By the advent of Nucleic Acid Testing methods, especially in multiplex format, more precise detection is possible.The objective of this study was to develop a reliable, rapid and cost- effective method tosimultaneously detect HBV and HTLV-I. Materials and Methods: We have developed a multiplex Real time-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of HBV and HTLV-I. Primer sets were designed for highly conserved regions of genome of each virus. Using these primers and standard plasmids, we determined the limit of detection, clinical and analytical specificity and sensitivity of the assay. Monoplex and multiplex Real-time PCRs were performed. Results: Analytical sensitivity was considered to be 1000 and 100 copies/ml for HBV and HTLV-I, respectively. High concentration of one virus had no adverse effect on detection of t low concentrations of the other one. By analyzing 30 samples, clinical sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 87% and 96% for HBV and HTLV-I, respectively. Using different viral and human genome samples, the specificity of the assay was verified to be 100%. Conclusions:We have developed a reliable, rapid and cost effective method tosimultaneously detect HBV and HTLV-I.Our results indicatedthe high capability of this simple and rapid method for detecting these viruses in clinical samples.

Volume 6, Issue 4 (No.4 (Tome 25), (Articles in Persian) 2015)
Abstract

Anxiety in foreign language class is one of the variables which has main effect in language learning. Therefore researchers in language teaching are always interested in this factor. This study investigates the  relation  between achievement motivation, emotional  intelligence and foreign  language classroom  anxiety, in French  students  of  Ferdowsi  University of Mashhad  and relation of age and gender with these variables. For this purpose, Baron Emotional intelligence questionnaire, Hermans achievement motivation test, foreign language classroom anxiety test and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety scale were presented to 87 French students. To analyze research data, T test and Pearson correlation test were used. The results indicate that there is a negative significant correlation between foreign language classroom anxiety and achievement motivation (p= -0/001) in parallel with foreign language classroom anxiety and emotional intelligence (p= -0/007). As a result, it can be claimed that higher emotional intelligence and achievement motivation follow language classroom anxiety decrease.

Volume 9, Issue 3 (Summer 2018)
Abstract

Aims: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that causes loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and leads to blindness. This disease is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. For pre-clinical studies and finding novel therapies, using functional animal models is unavoidable. One of these models is the mice treated with N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA). The aim of this study was the acute induction of ganglion cell death and generation of mouse experimental model of glaucoma by N-Methyl-D-Aspartate.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the creation of model mice with NMDA neurotoxin were created. For this purpose, retinal cell damage was induced in vivo in mice by intravitreal injection of NMDA. After removing the eyes, tissue analyses were performed on sample and control eyes. After tissue staining, the number of ganglion cells and the thickness of the retina layers and Ganglion Cell Complex (GCC) were evaluated. In addition, number of ganglion cells, thicknesses of the retina, and GCC of the optic nerve disc were measured in samples.
One-way ANOVA and SPSS 22 software were used to analyze the data.
Findings: Only 3 days after the injection to eye samples of NMDA, the thickness of the GCC and retinal layers as well as the number of ganglion cells significantly decreased compared to the control samples. The 50% reduction in the number of ganglion cells in the glucoma sample was confirmed.
Conclusion: Three days after the injection of NMDA to eye samples, the thickness of the GCC and retinal layers as well as the number of ganglion cells is significantly decreased compared to the control samples.


Volume 10, Issue 0 (تابستان 86- 2008)
Abstract

Objective: Dendritic cells have a critical role in control and regulation of immune responses. It is believed that these cells can be used for the treatment of many diseases. One of the methods used in immunotherapy is based on generating of tolerogenic dendritic cells through inhibition of expression costimulatory molecules. CD40 is one of the costimulatory molecules, and inhibition of expression by antisense or siRNA techniques, can generate tolerogenic dendritic cells. Generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells will be useful in the treatment of many diseases. By developing a quantitive RT-PCR for evaluation of gene expression, generation of these cells could be possible. Using proper software we designed an Antisense and transfection of dendritic cells by lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) could lead us to generate tolerogenic dendritic cells. Materials and Methods: In this study dendritic cells were extracted from of Balb/c mice Spleen and the purity of this extraction was determined by flow cytometry. BCL1 cell line as a CD40 expressing control group and Wehi-164 cell line were cultured in RPMI-1640+10%FCS. Primer design for CD40 gene and house keeping gene (GADPH) was done by bioinformatic soft wares such as Beacon designer, mfold and Blast. RNasy plus mini kit (Qiagen) was used for RNA extraction and the Purity and integrity were determined by O.D at 260/280 and agarose gel electrophoresis. In the next step cDNA synthesized and quantitative RT-PCR for CD40 using IQ sybergreen (Biorad) were setup. Finally, standard curve for CD40 and internal control in different RNA concentrations were performed. After transfection with lipofectamin 2000 the amount of gene suppression were quantified by qualitative RT-PCR. Results: Using gradient real time PCR, optimum annealing temperature, Ct and ∆Rn for CD40 and GADPH were determined, annealing temperature was 59.5ºc and melting temperature was 84°c. Slope of the curve and the efficacy of PCR for CD40 and GADPH genes were quantified by serial dilution method

Volume 10, Issue 0 (تابستان 86- 2008)
Abstract

Objective: Hepatitis C virus is the major cause of viral hepatitis and its diagnosis in suspected specimens is of great importance. The risk of transfusion- transmitted virus infection is primarily the result of failure in serological screening tests to detect recently infected donors in the pre-seroconversion window period of infection. Therefore, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of HCV prior to antibody production to reduce window period is necessary. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a sensitive and specific RT-Nested PCR method for detection of a conserved HCV 5'UTR sequence was developed. Two pairs of primers for amplification of the target sequence in two rounds of PCR were selected. The developed RT-Nested PCR assay was performed on HCV-antibody confirmed positive samples as well as negative controls and standard samples. In order to compare the results, One Step RT-PCR kit was used in this study. Results: 25 HCV-positive plasma samples whose positivity were confirmed by ELISA and Western Blot tests, also as well as 10 fold dilutions of a high viral load plasma sample obtained from a HCV-positive patient as standard samples and 25 negative control plasmas from healthy blood donors were collected and tested by this assay. In all of positive samples a 175bp band was observed on agarose gel electrophoresis, but no band could be detected in negative control plasma. Results from developed RT-PCR assay and One Step RT-PCR kit showed a good correlation. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the developed RT-Nested PCR assay has a good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of HCV infection. It has the advantage of viral genome detection prior to seroconversion and can be used to detect HCV infection during window period

Volume 10, Issue 2 (Summer 2020)
Abstract

Background: Human comfort involves their physical, psychological and mental comfort. There are several factors that may affect human physical comfort; among them luminous, acoustic and thermal comfort can be mentioned. Usually in researches done in the field of human physical comfort, researchers tried to predetermine human perceived comfort by measuring some physical factors, whilst there are also other ones that can affect human comfort and are necessary to be considered.
Aims: The aim of this paper is to determine the non-physical factors that affect human physical comfort. Another aim is to achieve the model of human physical comfort affected by non-physical factors.
Methods: In this paper by conducting a library research, researches done in the field of non-physical factors that affect human physical comfort were investigated and analyzed; in this way that physical comfort evaluation methods for users of a space, factors affecting it, places in which those researches were done and those researches results were classified and analyzed. In this paper, among factors that can affect human physical comfort, luminous comfort, acoustic comfort and thermal comfort were studied. Analysis method was statistical and by modeling charts and defining oriented trend process in previous researches.
Findings and Conclusion: Findings of this paper indicated that human physical comfort in a space can not be predicted only by relying on physical factors that were usually used in comfort-related indicators.
 


Volume 11, Issue 0 (پاییز و زمستان 87- 2009)
Abstract

Objective: Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance is a major problem in malaria endemic areas. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes are known to be associated with chloroquine resistance in some parts of the world. The major goal of the present study was to detect the five single nucleotide polymorphisms in pfmdr1 gene and one single nucleotide polymorphisms in pfcrt gene. Materials and Methods: Total of 26 blood samples were collected from falciparum malaria infectious person with chloroquine failure in Chabahar, a harbor located in Sistan baluchestan during 2 years. Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms were carried out by Real-Time PCR using Light CyclerTM hybridization probe assay. Results: Our data showed that the pfmdr1 N86Y mutation was detected in 6(23%) samples. Although this mutation was not observed in the first year but in the second year it was substancial. In addition the pfcrt K76T mutation was detected in 11 samples (42.3%) of CVMNT haplotype, 7 samples (26.9%) of CVIET haplotype, 5 samples (19.2%) of SVMNT haplotype and 2 samples (7.6%) of SVIET haplotype. Conclusion: The mutations considerably have increased during 2 years. Our results showed single nucleotide polymorphisms in pfmdr1 and pfcrt genes. This could be considered as chloroquine resistance markers for malaria control in Chabahar.

Volume 13, Issue 2 (1-2023)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum are among the deadliest compounds known that cause botulism. Currently, the detection of BoNTs in food using bioassays on laboratory mice is a very sensitive method with a detection range of 7 to 20 pg.mL-1. However, bioassay for mice is time consuming. This method is fast, highly specific, and sensitive to experiments on mice. The aim of this study was to use the modified Sandwich ELISA method to detect BoNT/B toxin.

Materials and Methods: Recombinant 370 amino acid protein was expressed from the carboxyl terminus of the binding moiety of BoNT / B toxin with a molecular weight of 45 kDa as antigen and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. IgG antibodies were isolated from mouse and rabbit sera byG protein affinity chromatography. The sensitivity and specificity of the method designed to detect recombinant BoNT/B-HcC antigen and botulinum toxin type B were evaluated.

Results: Purified rat and rabbit antibody concentrations were 3 and 4.5 mg / ml serum, respectively. The minimum concentrations of detectable protein were determined by indirect ELISA with purified mouse and rabbit antibodies at 475 and 118 pg. By optimizing the sandwich ELISA method, at least 30 ng of recombinant BoNT/B-HcC antigen and146 pg of highly specific BoNT/B were detected.

Conclusion: sandwich ELISA method can be used for accurate and sensitive identification of Clostridium botulinum toxin type B. It is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in the future to detect botulinum toxin in environmental and food samples.
 

Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract

Objectives: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major life-threatening pathogen for hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Specific tests are used for the diagnosis and monitoring of CMV infection in transplant patients. This study evaluates the performance of pp65 antigenemia and qualitative PCR assays for monitoring CMV in such patients. Methods: We analyzed 179 clinical samples from 41 patients by using a validated home-brewed qualitative PCR and a commercial antigenemia assay. The obtained results were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR as the gold standard. Results: CMV was observed in 26.8% of samples analyzed by the antigenemia assay and in 42.6% of the samples by qualitative PCR. Among 179 clinical samples, 50.8% were negative and 21.2% were positive by both assays. On the other hand, 26.3% were only positive by qualitative PCR whereas 1.7% were positive by the antigenemia assay. A comparison of the results with real-time PCR showed that qualitative PCR has a higher sensitivity than the antigenemia assay (98.7% vs. 45.7%). The specificity of both assays was equal (96.8%). Quantitative results of the antigenemia assay showed good correlation with real-time PCR (r=0.715; p<0.001). Conclusion: Both the qualitative PCR and antigenemia assays have special deficiencies for efficient diagnosis of CMV infection. Therefore, effective management of CMV infection in transplant patients requires the use of other sensitive quantitative methods such as qPCR.

Volume 16, Issue 1 (Spring 2016 2016)
Abstract

The short–term inflation dynamics and its cyclical interactions with real economic variables are basic issues in the context of monetary policies analysis. This study investigates and estimates the hybrid new Keynesian Phillips curve for Economy of Iran during 1971-2008. On this curve, the effective variables on current inflation would be future inflation, lagged inflation and GDP gap. This paper makes use of three Kalman, Hodrick- Prescott and band-pass filters to estimate GDP gap. There is a structural break in 1979 due to victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Findings indicate that GDP gap has a significant positive impact on current inflation, which means the effectiveness of real variables, besides monetary policies, on inflation in the long-run. Our findings are consistent with other Phillips curve models, which confirm the effective role of output gap on current inflation. In addition, the coefficients of the expected inflation and lagged inflation variables are statistically significant, which indicate that firms look forward and backward in setting prices, but coefficient of expected inflation variable is higher than that of lagged inflation, means that firms pay more attention to the expected inflation in setting current prices. The evaluation tests indicate the accuracy and reliability of models.  

Volume 16, Issue 91 (September 2019)
Abstract

     The objective of this study was to extract the essential oil of purple basil leaf, to identify its compounds and to investigate its antimicrobial effects on some food-borne pathogenic bacteria through different qualitative and quantitative methods, and eventually, to compare it with some antibiotics including vancomycin and gentamycin in vitro. The essential oil components were identified with GC/MS. The antimicrobial effect of basil essential oil was measured through well diffusion agar (WDA), and finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil was determined using microdilution broth and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. The results revealed that 28 identified compounds constituted 99.28% of the whole essential oil compounds. p-Allylanisole (51.64%) was the most abundant component of the essential oil. In addition, other main components such as n-Tricosane (24.83%) and Linalool (14.81%). In the wall in agar method, the mean free zone diameter was equal to 15.9 mm in the case of Gram-positive bacteria and 11.15 mm in the case of Gram-negative ones. The minimum MIC of purple basil essential oil ranged from 4.6 to 36.8 mg/ml in the case of pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, its minimum bactericidal concentration varied from 4.6 to 73.6. in conclusion, it can be said that purple basil essential oil was effective on Gram-positive bacteria at lower concentrations and could inhibit their growth.



Volume 17, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract

Objective: Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancer. In 2012, it was the second leading cause of cancer death for men worldwide. The PI3K/AKT pathway plays an essential role in pathogenesis of prostate cancer; the key role of this pathway in cancer progression makes it an attractive target for prostate cancer therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate gene expression have a special ability to simultaneously control multiple genes and pathways which make them candidates for therapeutics. This study aims to determine miRNAs which target the PI3K/AKT pathway and evaluate them in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: In order to determine an effective miRNA for the PI3K/AKT pathway, we assessed six genes from this pathway which have been proposed as drug targets in ten different prediction algorithms. Next, the candidate miRNAs were analyzed in expression profile and pathway analysis databases. Expression of candidate miRNAs in control and prostate cancer cell lines were subsequently evaluated. Results: According to bioinformatics, the miR-29 family could target the most genes from this list. Other bioinformatic estimates confirmed these results. The miR-29 family showed significant downregulation in prostate cancer cell lines LNCAP, PC3 and DU-145 compared to control samples. Conclusion: These results propose the possibility of using the miR-29 family to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway in prostate cancer.

Volume 17, Issue 5 (7-2017)
Abstract

Nowadays, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are introduced in order to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. The issue that is very important in HEVs, is how to split power between main components of powertrain. Best energy management can be obtained when all future conditions are available. With the advancement of the intelligent systems, access to the road conditions, traffic and other online information has been provided up to the limited prediction horizon. In this paper, a combination of predictive control and Dynamic Programming methods have been used for obtaining online sub-optimal trajectory. Change in the state of traffic in the path has great effect on reduction of fuel consumption. Therefore, According to the state of traffic, a fuzzy logic system is proposed for the online estimating of the vehicle speed. Unlike many energy management methods that use historical data, the proposed strategy leads to reducing the dependence of the controller on the drive cycle. The simulation is implemented on a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle with parallel structure. The proposed method is compared with Dynamic Programming and instantaneous optimization. Evaluation of results shows that the proposed method, while simplicity and avoiding complicated mathematical relationships, in addition to fuel consumption reduction compared with instantaneous optimization, can manage SOC, properly. The results of this method are close to the global optimal solution of Dynamic Programming.

Volume 18, Issue 3 (5-2016)
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro proliferation of Astragalus adscendens. Explants were taken from hypocotyl and cotyledon and were cultured on the basic medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) complemented with various plant growth regulators, (NAA, BAP, KIN, ZEA), to induce direct shoot regeneration. Callus induction was significantly affected by different concentrations of PGRs. Callus formation was observed from hypocotyl explants, but they were not induced to adventitious shoot regeneration and most of them were turned into brown. Therefore, rapid multiplication, performed using shoot apical buds, and obtained from 15-day old sterile seedlings. Apical buds were cultured on MS medium containing various levels of BAP, KIN and ZEA (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) alone or in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. The highest number of shoot regenerants (8.5/explants) and leaves (22.4/explants) obtained on MS medium with 4 mg L-1 BAP. The highest root induction (100%) was obtained from MS media supplemented with 0.3 mg L-1 NAA. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in pots with 1:1:1 mixture of soil, peat, and perlite.

Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract

In most semiarid and arid areas, fresh water shortage compels managers to use low quality water sources with high salinity to irrigate turf and landscape. Recent research has noticed that management of nitrogen fertilization can alleviate salinity effects on plants. This greenhouse sand culture experiment was conducted in order to investigate morphological and physiological responses to salinity stress in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) grown using different nitrogen sources. Three salinity levels (0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl) and three NO3-/NH4+ ratios (6/0.5, 6/1 and 6/2) were applied in nutrient solutions. Under non saline conditions, higher ammonium concentration increased Turf Quality (TQ), leaf NO3-, proline content, Nitrate Reductase Activity (NRA), shoot and root growth. On the other hand, leaf potassium (K+) sodium (Na+) and MalonDiAldehyde (MDA) content were not affected. During the first week, the 40 mM NaCl treatment showed that the positive effects of NH4+ on salinity tolerance were still perceptible. However, the 80 mM NaCl treatment showed that the adverse effects of high salinities were more pronounced when turf received high ammonium rate nutrient solution, as manifested by the decrease of TQ, NO3-, NRA, K+/Na+ ratio, shoot and root growth and by the increase of leaf MDA content. This suggests that effects of NO3-/NH4+ ratio on salt tolerance varies with salinity levels.

Volume 20, Issue 6 (June 2020)
Abstract

The internal combustion engine’s warm-up period is one of the most important sources of emissions, especially unburned hydrocarbons (UHC). Due to the low temperature of combustion chamber wall during the warm-up period, the flame is quenched rapidly near the walls and piston surface and the air-fuel mixture in the vicinity of the wall does not burn and leave the combustion chamber unburned which increases UHC emissions of internal combustion engines during the warm-up period. In the current study, using MATLAB R2018b software and numerical solution methods, a code is developed based on XU7 engine data to determine the effect of wall temperature on the flame quenching distance. The results showed that by increasing the cylinder wall temperature, flame quenching distance during the engine warm-up period, for two cases of constant and pressure based Peclet number, was decreased by 46 and 22%, respectively. The results also indicated that the flame quenching distance had a downward logarithmic behavior over time, which is the opposite of the thermal behavior of the combustion chamber walls during the engine warm-up period, which is an upward logarithmic behavior.


Volume 20, Issue 137 (July 2023)
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing rice flour with pumpkin powder at different levels (0, 10, 20, and 30% w/w) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of gluten-free rice cake. Wheat cake was prepared by the same method as rice flour with different proportions (0, 10, 20 and 30% w/w) of pumpkin powder as control samples. A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design with three replicates was used for data analysis. The use of pumpkin powder in rice and wheat cake recipes significantly improved the technological properties and sensory attributes of the samples (p < 0.05). With increasing replacement of rice and wheat flour with pumpkin powder (p < 0.05), the viscosity of the rice cake and wheat cake batter increased from 682.66 cp (control sample) to 3518.44 cp (30% pumpkin powder) and from 699.50 cp (control sample) to 4036.92 cp (30% pumpkin powder), respectively (p < 0.05). As the replacement level of rice and wheat flour with pumpkin powder increased, the volume, porosity and lightness of the samples were decreased and the hardness, fiber, and ash were increased (p<0.05). The rice and wheat cakes containing the 20% of pumpkin powder received the highest sensory scores (color, taste, odor, texture, and overall), as compared to control (p<0.05). Addition of pumpkin powder in gluten free rice cake formulation compared with wheat cake formulation improved the lightness and decreased the redness and yellowness of the samples that was acceptable to customers. These achievements will pave the way for using the combination technologies involving the mixing the pumpkin powder and rice flour for improving physicochemical and sensory characteristics of gluten free cakes.
 

Volume 20, Issue 142 (December 2023)
Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing of rice flour with different ratios (0, 10, 20, and 20% w/w) of pumpkin powder on the rheology of batter and textural characteristics of gluten free rice cake. A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design with three replications was used for data analysis. The use of pumpkin powder in rice cake formulations significantly improved rheology of batter and textural characteristics of the samples (p< 0.05). By increasing the replacement level of rice flour with pumpkin powder to 30%, viscosity (from 682.66 to 3518.44 cp), hardness (from 21.11 to 53.97 g), cohesiveness (from 0.83 to 0.94), and springiness (from 9.74 to 13.49 mm) of batter cake improved significantly, but the adhesiveness (3.15 mJ) of batter increased compared to control (1.08 mJ) (p <0.05). However, the incorporation of pumpkin powder in the sample formulations up to 30%, increased the hardness (from 456.17 to 800.11 g), cohesiveness (from 0.56 to 0.67), springiness (from 8.68 to 11.43 mm), and chewiness (from 2231 to 6148 g) of the final cakes. Addition of pumpkin powder (up to 30%) in gluten free rice cake formulation caused the significant increasing of the total color differences (ΔE), browning index, and saturation index (chroma) in the cakes compared to control and moreover, increased the hue angle to 90owhich indicated an increase in the yellowness of the samples containing higher the replacement level of rice flour with pumpkin powder.
 

Volume 21, Issue 8 (August 2021)
Abstract

With the increasing number of road accidents and driver assistance systems development, the automated vehicles importance has increased more than ever. As the issue of automated vehicles comes up, attending to their safety, and the impact of the other vehicles in traffic flow on their performance dramatically increased. One of the most important problems for automated vehicles is designing and controlling the trajectory regarding the surrounding vehicles in transient dynamic traffic conditions during complicated maneuvers. Although various studies have been performed in the field of lane change in dynamic traffic conditions and even in critical high speed, considering the transient dynamic conditions has been limited to the beginning of the maneuver and no solution has been provided for the surrounding vehicles’ immediate changes during the maneuver. The algorithm presented in this paper is able to design new safe optimized trajectories according to the sudden decisions of the surrounding vehicles during the lane change maneuver, also ensures collision avoidance in the whole maneuver via vehicle’s simultaneous longitudinal and lateral control. After evaluating the decision-making unit’s performance by real driving tests, the presented algorithm is simulated with different scenarios in complicated transient dynamic traffic conditions by using MATLAB software and its desired performance has been proven in the dynamic environment of IPG CarMaker, in the presence of surrounding vehicles.

Volume 23, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Abstract

The paradigm governing compilation was qualitative (quantitative). The study population consisted of university professors and bank experts, who were purposefully selected by focus group discussion technique. Nine of them were selected for study. Based on interviews with experts in the form of focused discussion groups, 43 phrases were extracted which were presented to experts in a questionnaire consisting of 43 cards and a questionnaire, in which they agreed or disagreed with them. Specify. Data analysis was performed by performing exploratory factor analysis using SPSSWin20 software. The results of this study showed that subjective models of entrepreneurial banking have three dimensions: high management support, organizational strategy, organizational structure. 

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