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Before teachers can transform the reality and promote a liberating education within mainstream educational contexts, they must first gain a thorough understanding of how learners perceive the world. In an attempt to gauge EFL learners’ perceptions, the present study set out to conceptualize the construct of Critical Digital Pedagogy (CDP) by developing and validating a questionnaire for use in online EFL settings. The researchers distributed a preliminary questionnaire with 65 items to 380 adult Iranian EFL learners and used Exploratory Factor Analysis as well as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA, CFA) to analyze the results. After removing 9 items, the final questionnaire consisted of 56 items on a five-point Likert scale. The analysis revealed that CDP consists of 10 factors, namely “consciousness raising,” “community and collaboration,” “empowerment and agency,” “inclusivity,” “dialogism,” “co-creation of materials,” “praxis,” “problem-posing education,” “teachers as transformative intellectuals,” and “critical thinking and reflection.” Additionally, the convergent validity as well as the reliability of the questionnaire to measure the intended construct was statistically confirmed. These findings have important implications for EFL teachers, curriculum developers, course designers, and language researchers as they increase awareness of CDP and its underlying components.

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The main concern in fish transportation is minimizing stress during transportation. In this study, the effect of zeolite and clove essence in terms of transportation on survival and stress rainbow trout was investigated. 4 treatments (each treatment included 3 replicate) including control treatment, clove essence (25 mg/l), zeolite (14g/l) and clove essence (25mg/l) + (14g/l) were considered. 156 fish (with average weight 80 ± 4.4 g) were randomly distributed with a 130 kg/m3 density. At time zero, 6, 12 and 18 hours after starting transportation, survival rates, cortisol and glucose levels (as indicators of stress) were measured and analyzed. In the end, results showed a significant difference in the survival rates that control treatment had the lowest survival rates (P

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Background and Objectives:HBV and HTLV-I are life threatening infectious agents in patients who receive blood and blood products. Although serological methods have been proved to be useful, detection of these viruses has remained a challengingissue due to the many obstacles. By the advent of Nucleic Acid Testing methods, especially in multiplex format, more precise detection is possible.The objective of this study was to develop a reliable, rapid and cost- effective method tosimultaneously detect HBV and HTLV-I. Materials and Methods: We have developed a multiplex Real time-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of HBV and HTLV-I. Primer sets were designed for highly conserved regions of genome of each virus. Using these primers and standard plasmids, we determined the limit of detection, clinical and analytical specificity and sensitivity of the assay. Monoplex and multiplex Real-time PCRs were performed. Results: Analytical sensitivity was considered to be 1000 and 100 copies/ml for HBV and HTLV-I, respectively. High concentration of one virus had no adverse effect on detection of t low concentrations of the other one. By analyzing 30 samples, clinical sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 87% and 96% for HBV and HTLV-I, respectively. Using different viral and human genome samples, the specificity of the assay was verified to be 100%. Conclusions:We have developed a reliable, rapid and cost effective method tosimultaneously detect HBV and HTLV-I.Our results indicatedthe high capability of this simple and rapid method for detecting these viruses in clinical samples.

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Study of phytoseiid mites in some regions of western and north–westernIranwere carried out during 2008–2011. In this study, 21 species belonging to the six genera were collected and identified. They were associated with aerial parts, soil and litter under cultivated, uncultivated plants and some phytophagous mites and insects.  

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Re-vegetation of bare soil is believed to increase, or at least maintain the organic matter levels of soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the soil characteristics changes, nutrient pool sizes and their availability under mid canopy, and canopy gap positions of saltbush in an area re-vegetated with Atriplex lentiformis. Some of the physical and chemical soil characteristics (the particle size distribution, soil bulk density, EC, pH, Na, K, organic C, N, P, C/N ratio and C/P ratio) were measured in two different soil depths at both planted shrublands and control area. The results from samples analysis showed that the soil of the control area is significantly different from the Atriplex shrublands area. Maximum of K and Na proportion were measured in 0 to 20 cm under mid canopy in the planted sites. K and Na in different soil layer showed a significant difference between ungrazed area, grazing area and control area (P

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Background: Accumulation of triglycerides in the liver i.e. steatosis, is a well-known side-effect of tamoxifen administration to patients suffering from breast cancer. Cichoriumintybus (chicory) is a plant used as traditional medicine for curing liver disorders. In this study, the effects of extract prepared from chicory roots on tamoxifen-induced liver steatosis and related biochemical factors in animal model using rats has been investigated. Methods: Female rats of Wistar strain were divided into four groups and treated as follows; 1-Control: received vehicle; 2- Chicory root-extract treated: rats were given by gavage the aqueous chicory root extract (1 g/kg body weight/day for 14 days).3- Tamoxifen-treated: rats received tamoxifen (1 mg/kg body weight/day, for 7 days). 4- Tamoxifen+chicory-group: animals received tamoxifen (1 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 days) followed by chicory extract given by gavage (1 g/kg body weight/day for 14 days). After treatment, blood was collected by cardiac puncher, plasma was separated and plasma levels of glucose, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol,LDL-C, HDL-C and activities of ALT, AST and ALP were measured. Liver tissues were homogenized used for measuring tissue triglyceride and histological examinations. Results: The data show that tamoxifen treatment caused a significant decrease in the level of serum cholesterol, HDL-C and total protein. However, serum ALT level was increased in tamoxifen-treated rats compared to controls. Increased serum ALT in tamoxifen-treated rats was recovered in rats treated with plant extract (tamoxifen+chicory-group). HDL-C and total protein levels were unaffected in rats fed chicory extracts. Tamaxifen-treated animals showed signs of liver steatosis as shown by histological examination and accumulation liver triglyceride. The steatosis markers such as accumulated triglyceride in liver was significantly reduced due to the plant extract treatments when compared to tamoxifen-group. Conclusions: Dietary extract prepared from chicory roots is effective in modulation of  tamoxifen-induced liver damage and steatosis.

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Background: low back pain is a common health problem that has many consequences, including disability and absence from work. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Low Back Pain among women referred to Quds clinic in Tehran, Iran. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on women referred to Quds clinic, in East of Tehran. A total of 100 patients were studied over a period of one month. Two questionnaires were used for this study. The first one contains general information such as age, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), education level, smoking and physical activity. Also the participants were asked whether over the past two weeks had LBP or not and if yes their pain severity was measured through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The second questionnaire was Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) that was only available to persons that expressed a report of pain over the past two weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: 52 patients (52%) of the samples reported LBP. Also significant relationship between LBP and functional disability was shown (P < 0.05). More than 48% of patients who had LBP were physically low performance. Age, weight, body mass index, physical activity hours, number of pregnancy and parity and level of education were significantly associated with the severity of LBP (P < 0.05) whereas height, employment status and cigarette smoking were not significantly associated with LBP (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed individual suffering from LBP were more likely to suffer from disability.

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Throughout the history, women writers, regardless of geographical, historical and cultural variations, have always been faced with the same concerns and challenges. Women's literature depicts a world based on the masculine priorities and logic concerns. So, due to disturbing laws written by men, women writers have tried to use "feminine aesthetic" and find a proper language to express their concerns and aspirations. In this way, they were capable to represent a clear picture of the woman as it should be.  In Iranian and Italian contemporary literature, many women authors have created works based on women's issues. Among these works, we can mention the works of Zoya Pirzad and Alba Deses Pedes who narrate, in a specific manner, the same story about women's challenges and concerns. This paper applies "Theory of the Gynesis in Women Writing" to these two novels formed in two different geographical and cultural origins, and aims to answer the question of how the common characteristics of feminine writing engender fundamental similarities in plot, narrative and characterization? What we can say with certainty is that the characteristics and common factors in both text and meta-text of these two feminine writings engender a realistic and measured image of "women situation" in these two societies

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The oldness of religiousness and literature, and their co-relation ascribe to the first steps of human being toward the reflections and inner contemplations. The contemporary literature is also involved in the representation of themes referring to belief, faith and ontological questions that create man’s point of view. The present article performs a comparative study of Kiss the Beautiful Face of God and Jean Barios. The man’s fundamental questions like faith, religion, unbelief, skepticism, existence of God, love, life and death are represented in a communal manner in two novels. Furthermore, the representation of anxiety, solitude, loneliness and homeless are included in the “religious situation” of the two stories that get to doubt, denial and at last to creed. Moreover, in spite of their different origins and their literary value, these two novels are really successful in representation of a theme like return to the significant as well as agreeable and meaningful roots of spiritual life. The likeable and symbolic end of these novels is among the pleasant themes of comparative literature that displays man’s common experiences, visions and points of view.

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Political skills and Impression management are two new and important subjects in the field of organizational behavior that share many common points. We try to examine impact of this tow topics on each other. This study, In terms of target, is an applicable Research, and nature and objective is as descriptive/ Correlative. Statistical society included all employees of the governorate of North Khorasan. To implement this study Sixty-eight people are randomly selected as statistical sample. The research data collection tools are Ferris et al impression management behavioral strategies Questionnaire and Bolino & Turnley Questionnaire. Data obtained from questionnaires have been analyzed with Pearson correlation, liner regression and one sample t tests. Findings indicated that all factors of political skills (Social Astuteness, Interpersonal Influence, Networking Ability, and Apparent Sincerity) significantly have positive impact on behavioral strategies of Impression management. Also level of employees’ using political skills and behavioral strategies of Impression management found out to be about an average and higher.      

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Background: Nosocomial infections have high mortality rates because of infective organisms' specific characteristics and the type of patients identified with different comorbid diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate  of different microorganisms and their characteristics in terms of resistance to various antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: Samples of urine, blood, abscess and wound secretion, and septum or tracheal secretions were cultured for 139 patients who were hospitalized during September 2012 to September 2014 and identified with nosocomial infection in different hospital wards. Then the type of microorganism and their antibiotic resistance were determined for each patient using culture antibiogram with disk diffusion method. Results were then analyzed using SPSS software.
Results:  The incidence of nosocomial infections was observed more in men than in women. Fever and purulent discharge from the wound site were the most common symptoms, leading to patient's hospitalization. Most patients were from the transplant and urology wards. Urinary tract, skin, and soft tissue infections (SSTI) had the highest prevalence rate in patients. Escherichia coli was the most common infectious microorganism in patients, which was sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Kelebsiella as the next most common infectious microorganism was resistant to imipenem.
Conclusion:  The results of this study are consistent with the previous studies. Due to infectious microorganisms' resistance to antibiotics, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of antibiotics. 

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The effect of simultaneous application of probiotic and digestive enzyme on the intestinal digestive activity of the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, was evaluated. For this purpose, the juvenile shrimps were fed for 30 days with a dietary probio-enzyme (containing a combination of six exogenous enzymes and four probiotic bacterial strains) at four concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g kg^-1 feed. Shrimps (5.04±0.39 g ind^-1) were randomly distributed in 12 aquaria (4 treatments × 3 replications); each aquarium contained 15 individual shrimps. Results indicated significantly (p≤0.05) higher growth performance, amylase and lipase activity at 0.5 g kg^-1 treatment as compared to other treatments. Protease activity was, however, significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher at 1.0 g kg^-1treatment as compared to other groups. Results also indicated that increase in the concentration of probiotic and enzymes supplementation was not associated with increase in all the digestive enzyme activity. In other words, probiotics and enzymes onlywithin specific range can have positive effect on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of L. vannamei, above or below.

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In the modern highly competitive banking era, ability of collecting financial resources has become one of the main prerequisite of effective performance and survival of the banks. Hence, banks have turned to strategies such as electronic banking development to develop their capabilities. This research shows that how and to what extent of applying various electronic banking systems can develop the banks capabilities in collecting financial resources by motivating people to invest in these banks. The research method is of descriptive and solidarity type. The population consists of the customers of Ansar bank branches in Tehran province that are taken by random sampling, and 440 were selected. The results of the research indicate that all 13 studied electronic banking systems have meaningful and positive relationship with the bank capabilities in collecting financial resources, and among them 3 systems of point of sale (POS) and PAYA system (financial resources barter) and Telephone bank system have the greatest positive relation with collecting of financial bank resources. These results show that the electronic banking development is an effective factor in motivating people to invest in studied banks. On this basis, practical and theoretical recommendations are provided for managers and researchers.    

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The occurrence of dust storms and their sources in the southern and central parts of Iran during the period of 2002 to 2009 was investigated. For this purpose, the meteorological and synoptic data, data from the middle and upper atmosphere, and wind flow tracking model were used. Dust storms and NDDI were traced using satellite imagery from Fasa, Shiraz, and Bushehr stations. Analysis of the ground data indicated that one of the strongest storms occurred in 2008 and the most intense dusty day was June 10, 2008. The results of tracing wind flow in the fiercest dusty day using HYSPLIT model indicated that dust masses originated from the western parts of Iraq and eastern Syria and transported by the northwest winds in the region. The results indicated that west winds are caused by the presence of the low pressure air mass in the center of Iran and the high pressure air mass in the northeast of Africa. It is concluded that terrestrial measurements, weather patterns, tracing wind flow model and NDDI index have suitable capability to detect the movement of dust storms.

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By emphasizing on the correspondences of linguistics and psychoanalysis, Julia Kristeva has presented new theories about the analysis of literary texts. “The Theory of Abjection”, which is derived of her post-structuralism researches, considers the author as a speaking subject who, through a poetic and semantic language, moves away from the ravages of his around. Kristeva has examined the applicative possibility of this theory in European literature. In this paper we focus on a contemporary Persian poem ("I am concerned for the garden" by Forough Farokhzad) for demonstrateing an application of the analytic approach of  the “Theory of Abjection”. Hence, we aim two principal purposes: firstly, we try to represent an exhaustive panorama of the analytic approach of the Theory of Abjection, and secondly,  we examine the possibility of creative interpretations of this poem According. Finally we try to examine the possibility of application of analytic approaches of this theory for the contemporary Persian poetry.

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Today organizations increasingly are faced with dynamic and changing environments and In order to survive and have their own dynamics, they have to be reponsive to environmental changes. Since scholars and intellectuals know the human resources as one of the most important element of change in the organization, leadership would be a key element. The importance of leadership is because of leaders achieve goals through their influence on followers. Also skilled and empowered employees are important to achieve the organization's goals and aspirations. On the other hand, today more than ever, an organization's competitive advantage depends on the organization knowledge, knowledge using method, speed of adaptation to changing environments and pace of access to new knowledge. Organizations that are oriented towards learning and more effective use of taught, are achieved opportunities to gain greater efficiency, speed and profitability. According to importance of this topic, in this study a conceptual framework to assess the impact of transformational leadership on empowerment in Semnan University has been developed. This research from the aspect of aim is an applied research and from the aspect of the manner of data collection is a descriptive research and of the correlation type. 133 questionnaires has been collected from the personnel of the Semnan University. Data analysed useing lisrel software. Finally, the results indicated that there is a significant and positive effect of transformational leadership on learning orientation and employee empowerment .Learning orientation has no impact on the empowerment and also the results showed that transformational leadership and learning orientation account for 61% of empowerment.

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For the first time, Julia Kristeva, while exploring Bakhtine's ideas such as "dialogical logic" and their application to literary texts, introduced the term of "intertextuality". She considered intertextual relations and considerations as rationales in freeing the literary text from a limited semantic system. From then on, Kristeva and other post-structuralists such as Roland Barthes extended many of the ideas associated with "dialogism" and they approved that every literary text have a continuous and solid link with other texts. From this perspective, none of the text is lone and novel rather and emerged and derived from different and plural cultural origins. In this paper, for applying the intertextuality theory to the contemporary Iranian poetry, we have chosen poems of Qeysar Aminpour and believe that intertextual relations and considerations in his poetry have institutionalized a remarkable essence of dialogism and have substantially led to complete the meaning of his text. In other words, we believe that the intertextual considerations and relations in Aminpour's poetry fulfill two principal functions: "create the character of dialogism" and "help complete the basic implications of meaning". In this paper, apart from explaining the results which are obtained in the light of intertextual reading of Aminpour's poetry, it aims to examine the possibility of applying this theory to other poetry especially the contemporary Iranian poetry.