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From 2009 to 2012, 16 species of Curculionidae (Coleoptera) from the subfamily Lixinae were collected on 17 species of food plants in Iranian rangelands. Identified species belong to seven genera in the tribes Lixini and Cleonini. The host plants from which they were collected were in the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Campanulaceae, Brassicaceae and Zygophyllaceae. Of the 16 species that we captured, two (Lixus subfarinosus Desbrochers, 1893 and Larinus remissus Faust, 1889) represent the first records from Iran. These new data also extend the known ranges of several species (Larinus fucatus Faust, 1894, Larinus grisescens Gyllenhal, 1835, Microlarinus rhinocylloides Hochhuth, 1847 and Bangasternus planifrons (Brulle, 1832) in Iran. The distribution of beetles and their associated host plants are presented and ecological notes on each species are provided.

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principles and values ​​of the era and their religion sins and reward them invokes the punishment and Padafrah they speak. Due to the distinct practices and mention them with reward or punishment is given to the special function of the coordinates of a Ardavyraf. In contrast Altvhm Ardavyraf a sin and reward are not separate, significant and lasting psychological torment of their physical Zabhay. Meanwhile, preaching and spiritual Tavylhay other features that affect the structure and content of the author's worldview is influenced observations. In terms of structural characteristics, descriptive and literary Altvhm Zybatraz Ardavyraf a more coherent and discussed. Seeking perfection and ascension of the steps are the same wonderful man, is evident in both, the one that belongs to the collective unconscious of mankind, regardless of the particular religion that has Hrsr. Both Ascension accordance Razamvzy rites of passage are seven stages and come to full brightness. an

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The story of Daghughi in Mathnavi, composed by Jolaliddin Mohammad Moulavi,A mystic, poet, and thinker of th century(Hejri) (th A.D.) , and Memorable Fancy in the Marriage of Heaven & Hell , written by William Blake, poet , mystic, and thinker of th and th century(A.D.)are mystical works . In this article, these two revelations in Contrastive literature genre with aphoristic content, with attention to view point of Hans.G.Gadamer and T.S.Eliot have been analysed. Some literary works owing to their special characteristics lie at the top of all literary texts. in other words are considered classic works of art . The result shows that in revelation of Daghughi and Blake, Wisdom and aphoristic contents are coursing like blood throughout the body of text although this revelation is imaginative and spiritual, with attention to rhetorical attitude, it will help man understand life better. Narration, allegory, attitude of oratorical subjects, short sentences and proverbs influence humans in wondrous way that provide us with awareness and practical doctrines.

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The critical review of translations is one of the most important approaches of researchers in the study of Nahj al-Balāghah, which can further reveal the hidden semantic and conceptual layers of Nahj al-Balāghah and on the other hand, it can determine the methods and requirements of a suitable and ideal translation. Given that Ladmiral's (1994) theory is the provision of destination-oriented translations and its purpose is to convey the full meaning and concept, and on the other hand, considering that Dashti has also tried to make a translation that can be understood by all people, the present study tries to review Dashti`s translation of Sayings of al-'Imam 'Ali in Nahj al-Balāghah descriptively and analytically from the perspective of Ladmiral (1994) translation theory. Therefore, all the Sayings of al-'Imam 'Ali in Nahj al-Balāghah along with their translations were adapted to the 11 components mentioned in the Ladmiral theory. The findings of this study show that Dashti`s translation is very similar to Ladmiral's theory and Dashti in this translation has tried to convey the text message to the audience. In addition, the findings of this article show that the readability component is most used in Dashti`s translation, which aims to convey the text message to the audience.
 

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Objective: Lymnaea palustris was previously found in Mazandaran province but there was not any report about its parasitologic aspects. This study was conducted to finding ecological and Parasitological aspects of snail in Mazandaran province, North of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, more than 181 locations, were checked, in 36 locations, colonies of the snail were found and 490 snails were collected. After diagnosis of snails as Lymanea palustris, in laboratory, they were crushed and their probable cercaria was checked out by a dissecting microscope. Data were analyzed and processed by ArcGIS 9.2 and Microsoft Office 2003 for descriptive analysis. Results: from 490 snails, 6 cases (1.22%) were infected with trematode larval stage. These cercariae were classified as echinostomaercaria. Optimum temperature for the snails was 15-19 degrees of celsius and optimum dissolved salt (TDS) was 200-400 ppm. Population of colonies were raised in autumn and winter but infected snails were seen in summer. Conclusion: This study could show the ecological pattern, distribution, and population dynamic of the snail. Also the existence of echinostomaercaria which is cercaria, generally belong to the Echinostoma sp, indicates veterinary and parasitological importance of local snails. It is probable these parasite, infect man also. More studies on definitive host and exact species of parasite are proposed.

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Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) isolates have been reported as the causal agent of citrus cachexia in Mazandaran Province and recently shown to be associated with yellow corky vein disease of sweet orange and split bark disorder of sweet lime in the Fars Province, Iran. In the present work isolation and partial characterization of viroids from citrus trees affected by gummy stem blight is reported from Kohgiluyeh–Boyerahmad (KB) Province of Iran. Fifteen samples of citrus trees from Dehdasht area (KB Province) showing bark necrosis, gum exudation and die-back as well as seven citrus symptompless trees from the same area were tested for the prevalence of viroids, through Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing of PCR products. They were also tested for Citrus tristeza virus through Double-Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA). Two variants of HSVd which differed from GenBank isolates in nucleotide sequence and two variants of Citrus Bent Leaf Viroid (CBLVd) were identified in any of the symptomatic samples. Moreover, a Citrus Exocortis Viroid (CEVd) was found only in symptomatic sweet lime. An HSVd isolate from KB (HSVd-bn₁) was selected and used for comparison with a number of HSVd variants from Iran (Fars and Mazandaran Provinces) and the related accessions from GenBank. On the basis of nucleotide sequence and secondary structure analysis, HSVd-bn1 and HSVd-bn2 belong to non-cachexia variants of HSVd and have about 95% similarity to Citrus gummy bark viroid, a sub-species of HSVd. CTV was not detected in the diseased plants. It is yet to be determined whether bark necrosis of sweet lime and of sweet orange plants is caused solely by the associated viroid(s) or other factors are involved as well.

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To understand the relationship between natural physicochemical properties of soil and abundance of citrus root nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans), a survey was conducted during 2009-2010 in some 37 citrus orchards, in Kohgilouyeh va Boyerahmad Province, Iran. Distribution of the citrus nematode was determined by collecting random samples from the soil and citrus plant roots, extracting and enumerating the number of second stage juveniles, males/100 g of soil and females/5 g of root. The relationships between nematode population, and the factors of: organic matter content, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), organic carbon, Calcium Carbonate, soil texture, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH were determined. Increase in nematode population density was observed by increasing soil saturation percentage (up to 43%), and by an increase in soil silt, sand, P, K and organic carbon, but by an increase in soil salinity, Calcium Carbonate, total Nitrogen and the amount of clay in soil, the nematode population decreased. Maximum nematode population density was recorded in a loamy soil texture. The most suitable soil pH for nematode activity was found almost seven while either an increase or decrease in soil pH, resulted in a decrease in nematode population. The number of second stage juveniles ranged from 58 to 2,730/100 g of soil while females were present by 11 to 331 individuals/g of root respectively. About 62% of the studied orchards were infested with T. semipenetrans.

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The subject of this research was focused on the Critical Discourse Analysis of two satirical works of “Book of poems of Lari Rooster ” by Abolghasem Halat and “The collection of works by Mohammad Ali Afrashteh”, compiled by Nosratollah Noohian, based on Van Leeuwen's model(1996). This research aimed to examine the influence of ruling powers and the ideological processes of the second Pahlavi era on the explicitness (frankness) and obscurity (inexplicitness) of the word in the two works mentioned. In this article, the actors  involved and participating in these satirical lyrics were evaluated based on Van Leeuwen's model components such as exclusion, impersonalization, determination, indetermination, nomination, categorization, association, differentiation, genericization and specification. We chose these works since the views of their satirist authors in the Pahlavi II era emanated from common social and political origins, while at the same time, they had different ideologies and tendencies. Therefore, such various commonalities and differences provide a basis to make comparisons between them. The study results suggested that although both satires are more eager to speak and write in obscurity and vague and classification and depersonalization are highly frequent in their poems, but unlike Abolghasem Halat, Mohammad Ali Afrashteh has enhanced the explicitness and frankness of his words by stating the names of the actors who were in power as well as criticizing the main pillars of power such as the king, royal court, clerics, and the security forces. Due to socialist tendencies, Mohammad Ali Afrashteh has also further used the referential type component to represent masses and people. Abolghasem Halat, with more use of the depersonalization component, namely, pronouns and obscure attributes, has made his word more obscure.

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The gums extracted from different sources have different functional and rheological properties compared to each other, and the extraction conditions have significant effects on these properties. Therefore, the study on the method of extraction and optimization of new sources of gums, due to different gum behaviors towards each other, has become more important. In this study, the optimization of extraction conditions for glucomannan of Eremurus Luteus powder (Serish) as a new source of hydrocolloid has been studied. For this purpose, the effect of temperature (30-80°C), water-to-solid ratio (50-100%) and time (1-4 hours) on the extraction yield, apparent viscosity, and solubility were optimized using the response surface methodology. The results showed that the quadratic model is the best model to describe the data. The optimized conditions were temperature of 79°C, water to solids ratio of 98.3 to 1 and extraction time of 3 hours and 12 minutes. Under these conditions, the apparent viscosity of 250 mPa.s, solubility of 53.99% and extraction yield of 72.43% were obtained. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that the optimal sample based on dry weight had 86.25% carbohydrates, 6.22% (protein), 6.13% (moisture) and 4.17% (ash). The results of monosaccharide analysis showed that in Eremurus root gum, the ratio of glucose to mannose was 1.1 to 1 and belonged to the glucomannan family.

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Information Systems (IS) and the process of distinguishing Information Systems ontology have been the center of challenge during the 50 years of IS development. The importance of this challenge is emergent in direct link between knowledge development process in IS and the IS ontology. In other words, theorizing and efforts to falsify theories, which have been developed, is influenced by the way IS ontology is approached. Critical realism enjoying the unique approach to the IS ontology based on transcendental realism and critical naturalism can be a useful basis to establish the transdisciplinary view in the process of IS knowledge development.   This point of view is important regarding the role of human agent in different layers of the IS ontology as a result of its transcendental ontology. Critical realism develops human role during next stages of knowledge and the methodology development based on the transdisciplinary view to IS. The explanation of a transdisciplinary view to the IS ontology regarding the unique role of human agent in the process of theorizing and knowledge development in Information Systems is presented in this article.

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In this research, vinyl ester matrix composite coatings reinforced by E-glass fibers, Nano TiO_2, and Carbon Nanofiber were prepared by hand lay-up method and their mechanical properties were investigated. The mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites were investigated by the tensile, impact, hardness, shear test, and wear tests. Scanning electron microscopy was employed in order to study the fracture surface of the prepared samples. The results of the tensile test showed that the presence of the E-glass fibers in the vinyl ester matrix increases the strength about 4 times and the elongation about 8 times. There was no change in the fiber-reinforced composite strength by reinforcing the composite with nanoparticles of TiO₂ and carbon Nanofiber, but the elongation of the fiber-reinforced composite increased by 1.6 times. Impact resistance of fiber-reinforced composite and fiber-reinforced nanocomposite relative to vinyl ester resin increased about 20 and 29 times. The presence of glass fiber and Nanoparticles in the vinyl ester matrix increases the hardness of the samples about 1.5 to 2 times. The results of the adhesion test demonstrated that the presence of nanoparticles in fiber-reinforced nanocomposite improves adhesion to concrete surfaces. Also, the results of the wear test showed that the presence of glass fiber in the matrix of vinyl ester reduces wear resistance and the presence of Nanoparticles in fiber-reinforced nanocomposite improves wear resistance of the fiber-reinforced composite.

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Teachers evaluation as one of the essential educational needs has an important role in improving educational quality and developing smart schools. The lack of implementation of a systematic and scientific evaluation system not only will discourage committed teachers, but also will have consequences such as reduced commitment and leave the organizational work. Therefore, the present study attempts to present a fuzzy inference system (FIS) model to evaluate the performance of teachers working in smart schools of Yazd province. In this regard, after reviewing the literature and identifying the factors affecting performance evaluation in two sections of computer literacy and classroom performance, the fuzzy Delphi technique was used to get experts agreement (20 experts) on the model’s final criteria. The ambiguity and complexity of performance appraisal criteria, especially qualitative criteria, as well as the use of verbal variables for extracting expert opinions, led to the use of fuzzy inference system for analyzing model components. In the case of the under study schools, the output of the system indicates that the status of smart school teachers in the basic courses and content production criteria is at intermediate level, in the Internet and educational supplementary software is at a relatively high level, and in the educational content development and electronic evaluation is at a low level. Based on these findings, teachers performance in smart schools was evaluated as medium level. Finally, some suggestions were proposed to improve the current status of smart schools.