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The aim of the present study was to examine whether Metacognitive Intervention (MI) in their first language (L1) had any significant effect on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ Working Memory (WM) in listening comprehension when they received it. In addition, it measured whether gender had any effect on EFL learners’ listening comprehension when they receive MI through L1. To this end, 60 Iranian EFL learners were selected through a Quick Placement Test and were assigned into two male and female experimental groups. These experimental groups received an eight-week intervention program, designed by the pedagogical cycle proposed by Goh and Vandergrift (2022). After the metacognitive intervention in L1, two posttests including a working memory capacity test and a listening comprehension test were administered. The findings indicated that there was a significant effect on EFL learners’ working memory in listening comprehension after they received MI in L1. It was also found that gender had a significant effect on the EFL learners’ working memory and listening comprehension when they receive MI in L1. The findings might contribute to assisting language instructors to adopt strategy-based approaches to teaching listening. Furthermore, curriculum designers and ELT policymakers might consider metacognitive intervention as an effective teaching approach and add it to EFL learners’ curriculum.

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The use of statistical methods based on corpora in humanities and literature researches is expanding. These methods can be used in studies of stylistics, literary criticism and comparative literature. Finding the pattern of language changes in different language varieties and investigating the existence of similarities and differences of language in different linguistic contexts is very important from the point of view of linguistic knowledge. Our main problem in this research is that what are the lexical and syntactic differences between the four registers of the  contemporary Persian language and how can they be analyzed and explained. For this purpose, four corpora of literary, news, scientific and legal languages ​​were created and labeled. Counting and statistics were done with the help of software programs and quantitative results were obtained. finally, these results were examined and analyzed based on situational context. The findings of this research showed that some linguistic features have significant differences in different registers. For example, the frequency of occurrence of verbs, pronouns and adverbs in the literary register and the frequency of occurrence of adjectives in the scientific register are clearly higher than other registers. Putting these characteristic features together can be a criterion for differentiating linguistic varieties.

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Controlling insect pests through nano-based formulation of chemicals is one of the newly applied methods in IPM programs; however, the probable side impacts of nano-pesticides on non-target organisms need to be evaluated. In this study, deltamethrin and matrine were encapsulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chitosan (Cs), respectively, and their toxicity were investigated against Habrabracon hebetor Say using the contact method. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spherical nanoparticles for both formulations were observed. The average hydrodynamic nanoparticle diameters for deltamethrin and matrine were 65 and 70.5 nm. The LC₅₀ values were 254.48, 334.90, 760.31 and 1021 mg L^-1 in PEG-encapsulated deltamethrin, commercial deltamethrin, Cs-encapsulated matrine, and commercial matrine, respectively. Exposing to the LC₃₀ of the commercial and nano-encapsulated deltamethrin significantly prolonged the total pre-adult period. The adults of H. hebetor in PEG-encapsulated deltamethrin treatment had the lowest longevity compared to other treatments and control. Furthermore, the sublethal exposure to the PEG-based nanoformulation of deltamethrin and commercial deltamethrin resulted in a significant reduction of the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r_m) (0.159 and 0.168 day^-1, respectively). Same trend was observed for the gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R₀), and finite rate of increase (λ) of the parsitoid. Our findings indicate that the negative side effects of commercial and nano-based formulations of deltamethrin on H. hebetor should be considered in IPM programs.
 

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Histopathological and pathomorphological effects of 15 ppb mercuric chloride on Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, were investigated using histological and electron microscopy observations. Light microscopy showed that the gill epithelial hypertrophy, wrinkling and hyperplasia in lamellar epithelia and lamellae fusion occurred after 48 h of exposure. Gill epithelia also showed occasional necrosis, which had almost been completed and blood emerged from the capillaries. However, occasional necrosis in some regions of the filament, both with blood emerging and with no bleeding, was observed by using electron microscopy. These injuries were well observed in inter-lamellar regions of the filament and also wrinkling of the lamellar epithelium. Ultrastructural observations showed some cellular disorders in gill epithelium of the Persian sturgeon, A. persicus, fry. In addition, increase in apical vesicles of the chloride cells and necrosis in apical surfaces of some chloride cells, hypertrophy and necrosis of the chloride cells’ mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum also were some of the other cellular disorders observed through transmission electron microscopy. In conclusion, the gills of A. persicus fry were sensitive to low concentrations of inorganic mercury (HgCl2).

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Abstract
Child sexual abuse is one of the social problems that has devastating effects on various aspects of children's personality. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the psychological consequences of sexual harassment in related to children. The main purpose of this study is to identify the psychological, behavioral, cognitive and emotional consequences of sexual victimization of children under 15 years of age among those referred to four social emergency centers located in Tehran province.
     In this research - which is quantitative in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of method - First, different indicators were selected as the effective factors of sexual victimization and each of the selected data was entered into the statistical tables using the available sampling method and using the researcher questionnaire. Then, the relationship between the variables was measured using statistical tests and the correlations were analyzed.
     The results of the analysis of child sexual abuse cases referred to the social emergency confirm that there is a significant relationship between child sexual abuse and subsequent mental disorders. Hypothesis testing suggests that sexual abuse has psychological, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional consequences for children's personality. Due to the need to identify these factors in order to prevent the occurrence of psycho-behavioral disorders afterwards and increase ways to eliminate or reduce it, early detection of child abuse, intervention, treatment and prevention of horrific complications of child abuse seems necessary.
 
Keywords: Mental Disorder, Mental Health, Mental Consequences, Sexual Victimization, Social Emergency

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The effects of fish weight on salinity tolerance were studied in Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) parr. 180 fish (all with 2 years old but with three weights; 5, 15, 25g) were selected and they reared in freshwater (FW) and brackish water (BW; 13ppt salinity) for 10 days. The mRNA expression of two α-subunit isoforms of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase (α1a and α1b) and NKCC co-transporters were studied in their gill tissue. In all three weight groups, the mRNA levels for the α1a isoforms decreased following BW exposure, whereas α1b levels significantly increased in 15g and 25g groups. In addition, NKCC gene expression were significantly higher in the groups of BW than FW in 15g and 25g weights (P<0.05). The reciprocal expression of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase isoforms (α1a and α1b) during salinity acclimation suggests that they may have different roles in the gill of FW and BW fishes; ion uptake in FW and ion secretion in BW. In conclusion, in the Caspian salmon, between parrs with the same age, the group with the weight of 15g possesses better compatibility with BW than to other groups.  After reaching to 25g, fish passed smoltification and they became more compatible with the FW environment and maybe lost its osmoregulation ability in saline or brackish water.

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The gill Structure and localization of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase were examined through branchial arches of the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus larvae (25 days-post-hatched, 417.3 mg). Studies were conducted through light microscopy (H&E Staining) and immunofluorescence for Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase. Results showed each gill consisted of four complete holobranches and opercular hemibranch. Each filament carried rows of lamellae consisting of a network of interconnecting blood lacunae, which were lined by pillar cell flanges. Pavement cells covered the outermost layer of the lamella and blood cells were found in lacunae. High density of ionocytes (529.73 per mm² of the gill tissue) was found at the base of the lamella, in the interlamellar regions, on the filaments and the septums. Ionocytes possessed large size and round basal nuclei. Ionocytes possessed strong immunofleurescence in their cytoplasm, especially in the basolateral sides because of high concentration of the enzyme. The results showed that the main structures of the gill has already been formed at this developmental stage of the Persian sturgeon, and along with its respiratory and excretory roles, it also plays an important role in osmoregulation.

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Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the most destructive insect pests on many crops in the world that has been found to develop resistance against conventional insecticides. Using insecticides with different modes of action may result in appropriate control of the pest and delay insecticide resistance development. In this study, lethal and sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin insecticides were investigated on third instar larvae of H. armigera by residue contact methods at 26 ± 1 ^oC, 70 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8h (L: D) under laboratory conditions. LC₅₀ values, on larval stage of the pest, of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin were 1.75 and 127.74 µg a.i./ml, respectively. According to the findings, the larvae that were exposed to the LC₃₀ of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin exhibited lower pupal weight and increased larval and pupal developmental times compared with control. The longevity and fecundity of adults were significantly affected by the insecticides. Emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin reduced fecundity by 53.1% and 50.5%, respectively compared to control. The LC₃₀ values of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin reduced egg hatching by 62.06% and 37.9%, respectively. It is predicted that these insecticides, especially emamectin benzoate, may induce significant effects on population of H. armigera.

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Minimalism is a movement in art and literature which is said to have its origin in the post- Vietnam- war America. The movement, which took place in visual arts first, has been always associated with the notions of smallness, shortness and the minimum usage of artistic representation devices; which is a sort of "reduction". This essay analyzes the minimalist short story. For this purpose, a brief history of minimalism as a movement in art and fiction has been provided first. Afterward, the nature of minimalist short story has been described and then some characteristics of the minimalist short story, such as language, characterization, plot, etc are discussed.

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The toxicity of imidacloprid and pirimicarb for all stages of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were investigated under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 ^oC, 65 ± 5% R.H. and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h.) using a leaf dipping method. These pesticides were very toxic for first instar nymphs of A. gossypii with LC₅₀ values of 17 and 220.2 ppm for imidacloprid and pirimicarb, respectively. For other nymphal instars, values of 23.9 to 70.5 ppm and 308.8 to 781.7 ppm were recorded for imidacloprid and pirimicarb respectively. Their LC₅₀ values for adults were 90.1 and 983.1 ppm, respectively. Toxicity decreased with increasing age. Imidacloprid was more toxic than pirimicarb for all stages of development. The effect of applying sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid and pirimicarb was evaluated, also, using demographic toxicology. Longevity and population growth parameters, including intrinsic rate of increase (r_m), net reproductive rate (R₀), generation time (T_c) and finite rate of population increase (λ), were affected negatively by both insecticides. The r_m values for control, imidacloprid and pirimicarb exposed populations were 0.438, 0.150 and 0.335 female offspring per female per day, respectively. The doubling time (DT) also, was affected by imidacloprid. Overall, these results suggest that imidacloprid and pirimicarb can be effective against A. gossypii.  

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Multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is a growing public health concern all over the world. In the current study, the isolation and antimicrobial resistance pattern and detection of blaOXA-51 and lpxC genes by multiplex PCR method was performed.
All the isolates demonstrated high levels of resistance rates to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, imipenem, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and colistin. Screening of two resistance genes by multiplex PCR showed that all the isolates contained blaOXA-51 and lpxC genes. As we previously reported, nosocomial infections caused by A. baumannii isolates are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in our hospital.
 

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Cone snails of the genus Conus are highly regarded for their medicinal compounds derived from their toxins. In order to examine the venom apparatus structure, 12 specimens of C. textile were collected from the coastal zone of Gheshm Island and fixed in Bouin's for 48 hours and transferred to laboratory in ethanol. After breaking of shellfish, the venom apparatus were isolated and their different parts (after molding and cutting) were stained by HE and HEG and photographed by Nikon microscope. The stereomicroscope observation showed that the venom apparatus consisted of  (1) toxin production part (venom duct), (2) toxin transmission part (venom bulb), and (3) injection part (radula and proposcis). Photographs of sections showed that the venom bulb was completely muscular, consisting of longitudinal and transverse muscle fibers, and in their middle part a channel with epithelial cells was observed. Venom duct walls composed of 3 parts including the outer layer of muscle an inner layer of columnar epithelial cells with basal nucleus and the inner lumens which filled by the granules. HEG stained slides showed a much sharper cytoplasmic and nuclear implementation, particularly granules containing toxins were easily countable and measurable. Although the onventional HE staining method clearly showed different parts of the gland, but HEG method in addition to distinguishing different sections of tissue, seemed to be a suitable technique for studying the role of different parts of the organ in producing conotoxin in the form of secretory granules.

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One goal of comparative studies of literature is to search for the human “truth” that has appeared as archetypes in the literature of all nations and all times. In this paper, the author draws an archetypal comparison of romantic love in the French story of "Tristan and Iseult" and the Iranian epic romance "Samak-e-‘Ayyar". It starts with explaining the Jungian concepts of mother and father archetypes, anima and animus, conscious and unconscious, as well as collective conscious and unconscious. Since individuation process in the Jungian psychology has to do with the connection between the conscious and unconscious, the tale romantic love could be seen as individuation process in which each lover seeks to connect to his/her anima (feminine unconscious) and animus (masculine unconscious), based on his/her gender. After providing a synopsis of each story, the author explains the archetypal roles and symbolic meanings of kings, queens, heroes, witches, and princesses in each story using Marie-Louise Von Franz’s methodology for the interpretations of fairy tales. It then compares romantic love in each story by analyzing its characters, functions, and events, and explaining its similarities and differences. Since archetypal literary analysis reveals the attitude, outlook, and behaviors of the people that the myths are originated among them, this comparative study aims to answer to a rather broad question: How is it that in the French story of the 12th century, romantic love ends with death and tragedy; however, in the pre-Islamic Iranian tale, it ends with the :union: of lovers?  

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Samples of leaf, twig and fruit from ‘Mexican’ lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) with symptoms of bacterial canker were collected from different provinces throughout Iran during spring and summers of 2010 and 2011. Yellow, gram-negative colonies were isolated from infected tissue samples. Results of pathogenicity assays indicated that some isolates incited tissue hyperplasia, hypertrophy and raised callus-like lesions typical of canker in hosts while other isolates stimulated flat necrotic and water-soaked lesions on leaves. Candidate samples of each group were identified according to morphological and physiological characteristics. Detections were also made using specific primers and partial sequencing of 16SrDNA for Pantoea group and gyrB for Xanthomonas group. Results showed that one group was characterized as the typical Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain while the other group containing most of the isolates was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. Samplings done frequently in different seasons revealed the presence of high populations of P. agglomerans with bacterial canker, especially in warmer and drier regions. These bacteria were able to incite canker-like symptoms on grapefruit seedlings and could be reisolated after two months.

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Morphological changes of the chloride cells and the α_1b subunit gene expression of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in triploid rainbow trout (70.6 g average weight) were studied upon direct transferring to 6, 12 and 18 ppt salinities. Changes in abundance, distribution pattern, and the sectioned area of the chloride cells was studied through classic histology and Na⁺ K⁺-ATPase localization was performed through immunofluorescence light microscopy using a mouse monoclonal antibody IgGα5. Gene expression of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase α_1b subunit was studied by semi-quantitative gene expression methods.No mortality occurred among the fish in all salinities during the 10-days experimental period and treated fish kept their plasma osmolality at standard physiologic levels. All the fish also showed similar distribution pattern in their chloride cells that were distributed on filaments, between and over lamella. Histological studies confirmed some abnormal morphological changes such as lamella interruption. Immunohistochemical studies showed the highest number of the chloride cells on lamella and between lamella in 18 ppt and the maximum sectional area of the chloride cells in freshwater. Gene expression of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase α_1b subunit had direct correlation with increasing trend of salinity. In conclusions, triploid rainbow trout was found to be adaptable to the various experimented salinities and could be recommended for rearing in brackish water.

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The combined effect of different levels of dietary n-3 HUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] with α-Tocopherol on growth parameters (final weight, SGR, FCR, and some health indices (hematocrit, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels) of the Caspian trout fry, Salmotruttacaspius, was investigated. Six experimental diets containing three different dietary levels of n-3 HUFAs (Low: 1 + 0.5, DHA+ EPA, Medium: 2 + 1, DHA + EPA, High: 4 + 2, DHA + EPA g/100g diet) with two different levels of α-Tocopherol (Low: 300 and High: 1000 mg/kg diet) were prepared and named: LL, LH, ML, MH, HL, HH (HUFA/α-Tocopherol) groups, respectively. Fries (600 ± 25 mg) were randomly distributed in tanks (50 fries per tank) and were fed with the experimental diets for 10 weeks. The work was conducted in triplicates. Results showed that the SGR and body weight were significantly higher in the MH group than other groups. Hematological parameters, especially plasma lipids and lipoproteins were more influenced by the dietary n-3 HUFA and vitamin E and interaction between vitamin E and n-3 HUFA has minimal effect on these parameters. Results of this study suggested that increasing of dietary n-3 HUFA could improved growth performance and enhance health in the Caspian trout fry when appropriate level of α- Tocopherol supplemented.

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The effects of mucal proteins of sea anemone, Stichodactylahaddoni,on different stages of embryonic development of zebra fish (D. rerio) were examined. The sea anemone samples were collected from the intertidal areas of the Hormuz Island (Persian Gulf), and were frozen at -160 °C. Protein and peptide components were extracted by 100% methanol. Following the total protein assessment by ELISA, three concentrations (2.1, 3.7 and 7.4 mg/ml distil water) were prepared. From each concentration, 2 ml was added to the microplates containing 150 zebra fish eggs each, with 2 replications; microplates with normal aquarium water was also used as control group. The eggs were incubated for 72 hrs and the process of embryonic development was observed every 6 to 12 hours. Results showed that the embryonic development was normal in the control group, while the eggs treated with 3.7 and 7.4 mg/ml ofmucal proteins degenerated and blackened in less than 12 hours. Also a delay in the phase of growth in embryonic development was observed in the group with 1.2 mg/ml of protein. Our results showed that the mucal proteins from this sea anemone can affect embryonic development rapidly, causing delayed growth at low concentration, and cell lysis and embryonic degeneration at high concentrations.

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The genus and species, Sinuothrips hasta Collins, was identified based on specimens of both sexes collected from Phragmites and an unkown species of Asteraceae in Fars province. This genus is known previously only from England, Turkey and China. A brief diagnostic characters for the genus and species is provided and illustrated.
 

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The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the effects of pH, temperature (˚C), time (min) and the ratio of enzyme to substrate (% of substrate) on the hydrolysis process of cuttlefish muscle by alcalase. Central composite rotatable design with 5 levels and 4 factors and α=2 was used for the optimization of the process to gain the highest degree of hydrolysis. pH, temperature, time, enzyme concentration, interaction of temperature-enzyme concentration, square of pH, temperature, time and enzyme concentration had significant effects on the process. The R2 = 0.95, lack of fit < 0.05 and adeq-Precision of 14.16 for the model showed that the model could explain the variability within the range of values. The optimum condition for 42.0117 % of degree of hydrolysis was determined by Design Expert as pH 8.19, temperature 50.23, time 129.62 and enzyme2.15%.