Showing 29 results for Rastegar
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Due to ethnic, religious and cultural diversity, Zahedan has a heterogeneous and diverse population. The diversity of religions and denominations from the formation of this city until the Islamic Revolution has never been a matter of dispute and peaceful coexistence between different religious groups has been established in this city. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the continuation and emergence of Shiism as the official religion of the country, the Baluch people, due to differences in religion, became less integrated with the central government than the Sistani's and became more and more isolated in identity. The objective manifestation of these gaps can be seen in the most symbolic religious element of the city, namely the Makki Mosque. The hidden signs in this mosque as an arena to show the ethnic-religious hegemonic power of the Sunni Baluchi's, with unusual dimensions and heights and unfamiliar forms and decorations, have dominated their surrounding context and produced special semantic rules. In the face of such a situation, the narrator of the Makki Mosque has experienced signs of apathy because the signs used in this mosque have acted in disconnection with the previous meanings of the Baluch mosques and have become an unfamiliar text for the narrator. Finally, the Makki Mosque has provided an opportunity to represent concepts and issues that can take us deeper into the Baluch cultural layers and provide a relatively deep understanding of the people's situation in contemporary society.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Mexican limes have a limited shelf life due to color changes and reduced freshness. This study evaluated the effects of melatonin (ML) and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on maintaining postharvest quality at 20 ± 2°C and 50-60% relative humidity. The results showed that melatonin at 100 µM+PSO and 200 µM+PSO exhibited the highest overall fruit acceptability. The control group displayed the most weight loss (20.8%), while PSO demonstrated the least (12.5%). With the exception of the PSO treatment, all other treatments exhibited significantly elevated levels of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants. The PSO and control treatments demonstrated the lowest catalase (69 U/g FW) and peroxidase (53.5 U/g FW) activities, while the highest polyphenol oxidase activity (99.6 U/g FW) was also observed in these groups. The control and PSO treatments also exhibited the highest total soluble solids (TSS) content (8.2%) and the lowest acidity (8.5%). Overall, most traits exhibited significant differences between the treatment groups and the control, excluding the PSO treatment.
Keywords Citrus, Postharvest quality, Shelf life, Antioxidant.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Nowadays, due to intense competition, organizations are operating their activities in a dynamic and high uncertainty environment. From a competitive perspective, having continued profit depends on attracting new customers and retaining existing ones. Currently, all the attention has been focused on the relationship with customer and customer is considered as an essential component of the organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate 10 effective factors of Lindgreen Model on Implementation of customer relationship in agencies which belong to Mostazafan Foundation and to rank those effective factors. Lindgreen Model is one of the most comprehentive models for investigating the implementation of CRM. Those effective factors include Information Technology, People, Knowledge Management, Customer Strategy, Culture, Customer Relation Management Processe, Customer Interaction Strategy, Organization, Brand Strategy and Value-Add Strategy. The required data are gathered by distributing questionnaire among 385 customers of Aito and Perspolis agencies, using simple random sampling. The data are analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (k-s Test), Binomial Test and Friedman Test and also TOPSIS and Shanon’s Entropy Model. The results show that the ten factors of Lindgreen model in the implementation of customer relationship management agencies of Mostazafan Foundation are effective but their ranks are different. Keywords: Customer Relationship Management, Lindgreen Model, Tourism Indusrty
Volume 3, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Political skills and Impression management are two new and important subjects in the field of organizational behavior that share many common points. We try to examine impact of this tow topics on each other. This study, In terms of target, is an applicable Research, and nature and objective is as descriptive/ Correlative. Statistical society included all employees of the governorate of North Khorasan. To implement this study Sixty-eight people are randomly selected as statistical sample. The research data collection tools are Ferris et al impression management behavioral strategies Questionnaire and Bolino & Turnley Questionnaire. Data obtained from questionnaires have been analyzed with Pearson correlation, liner regression and one sample t tests. Findings indicated that all factors of political skills (Social Astuteness, Interpersonal Influence, Networking Ability, and Apparent Sincerity) significantly have positive impact on behavioral strategies of Impression management. Also level of employees’ using political skills and behavioral strategies of Impression management found out to be about an average and higher.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Today organizations increasingly are faced with dynamic and changing environments and In order to survive and have their own dynamics, they have to be reponsive to environmental changes. Since scholars and intellectuals know the human resources as one of the most important element of change in the organization, leadership would be a key element. The importance of leadership is because of leaders achieve goals through their influence on followers. Also skilled and empowered employees are important to achieve the organization's goals and aspirations. On the other hand, today more than ever, an organization's competitive advantage depends on the organization knowledge, knowledge using method, speed of adaptation to changing environments and pace of access to new knowledge. Organizations that are oriented towards learning and more effective use of taught, are achieved opportunities to gain greater efficiency, speed and profitability. According to importance of this topic, in this study a conceptual framework to assess the impact of transformational leadership on empowerment in Semnan University has been developed. This research from the aspect of aim is an applied research and from the aspect of the manner of data collection is a descriptive research and of the correlation type. 133 questionnaires has been collected from the personnel of the Semnan University. Data analysed useing lisrel software. Finally, the results indicated that there is a significant and positive effect of transformational leadership on learning orientation and employee empowerment .Learning orientation has no impact on the empowerment and also the results showed that transformational leadership and learning orientation account for 61% of empowerment.
Volume 5, Issue 4 ( Fall 2023)
Abstract
Introduction
Media literacy leads to public rights discourse. The discourse of public law is effective in monitoring the government through the qualitative and quantitative expansion of the demanding element. People are more persistent in insisting on the rights they are sure they have the right to have. In all societies, the interested people with the power of influence in the field of media turn society into an unequal campaign. The way to deal with this is to expand the right to media literacy. In addition, in advertisements that aim to show reality and distort it deliberately and biasedly, if the audience does not have enough knowledge and is deprived of many sources to benefit from information, it will not result in a distortion of reality or an inorganic change of public opinion. The action of the government in promoting media literacy, in addition to fulfilling one of the human rights, is a smart action that is effective in the field of public participation. If citizens benefit from the right to media literacy, we are faced with a controlling power that relies on collective wisdom. The present article is trying to find a universal solution through theory in order to have a micro-oriented government by relying on the processing citizens.
Methodology
The method of carrying out library research is analytical-descriptive. In this regard, in order to answer the questions and test the assumptions, the method of content analysis has been used.
The information has been collected by the library method and by extracting vouchers from reliable sources. After collecting information and laws in the fields of freedom of expression, freedom of information, media rights, public opinion and the right to education, the issue has been analyzed. In order to benefit from the role of interactive media, attention has been paid to the recent laws of the parliament and the amount of use of keywords related to those laws in the virtual space before they were approved in the public forum of the parliament. The findings indicate the approval of some recent laws based on public opinion, especially regarding the country's annual budget. The statistical population considered for the research is the Islamic Republic of Iran. Although, the ideas of researchers from other countries and other legal systems have also been used,
Results and discussion
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Media literacy guarantees the exchange of correct information and rational media filtering by using public wisdom. Media literacy significantly reduces the level of political indifference, a crisis facing modern society. The level of sudden arousal of motions by the media is less observed in societies that have a favorable level of media literacy. In addition to monitoring the government's power, increasing media literacy will increase the psychological security of society. The prerequisites for mastering the skill of selection are awareness and freedom. Strengthening and understanding the world
of life by guaranteeing fundamental rights lead to the evolutionary evaluation of justice by citizens. The supervisory function of interactive media plays a critical role in increasing responsibility and accountability in various social fields.
The regulatory role of the media is directly related to the recognition and guarantee of the public domain. The government is obliged to protect the public domain. The exchange of information in the public sphere is considered a part of the new freedoms and the continuation of the right to freedom of expression. People are trying to achieve mutual understanding in their interactions, and the active and interpretive presence of elites in the public domain plays a key role in promoting media literacy. In interactive media, where it is possible to benefit from collective wisdom through public opinion, and in social media, where content is produced by the public, it finds symmetry with Habermas' concept of the world of life. The active presence of citizens in the public domain requires guaranteeing freedom of expression and the right to access information. In this regard, changes in the laws related to the right to teach media literacy are inevitable.
Conclusions
In the modern government, with the development and growth of the media, the need for media literacy has become an inseparable part of the lives of the citizens of the modern government. The government is obliged to continuously review the laws and regulations in line with media innovations and create the evolutionary course of society through deregulation and policymaking based on needs. The power of cognition, the power of judgment, and data analysis are the fundamental foundations of media literacy education. Media literacy provides the power of understanding, the power of judgment, and the possibility of participating in collective discussions. In modern government, media literacy is the most important platform for the formation of the public sphere. By improving media literacy, the level of conscious participation improves. The public pays more attention to public domain issues.
Operational solution: knowing the laws related to the theoretical field and making demands is based on the principle of the rule of law.
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In the laws and regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran—the second paragraph of the third article, the third paragraph of the forty-third article of the Constitution, Article 26 and Clause 8 of Article 8 of the Civil Service Management Law—all of them have implicitly mentioned the need to promote media literacy as one of the duties of governance.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract
In today's highly competitive conditions to maintain and expand market share is the result of brand performance. Suppliers to maintain and improve its position against competitors must pay attention to branding and brand management.Therefore, identifying of factors influencing brand performance is an important issue in the implementation of marketing strategies.In this article, the researchers explore to thisquestion: What factors influencing on brand performance? This study discusses variables from customers’ viewpoints by taking the sample of industrial purchasersand buying center of experts from manufacturers of home appliances in Tehran.106analyzed questionnaires from buying center was presented to. PLS software was used to test hypotheses.The results of the data analysis confirmed that all of theHypothesis.Research Results indicate thatsupplier social responsibility, reputation, B2B brand equity, brand preference and purchasing repeat and loyalty intentions havesignificant and positive effect on brand performance. Relationships reputationand social responsibility on B2B brand equity;social responsibility and reputation;B2B brand equity and brand preference; brand preference and purchasing repeat intentions was significant positively. Internal Suppliers can use the researchfindings to branding and brand performance management in internal and externalindustrial markets.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is the causal agent of vascular wilt in tomato, an important plant disease in Iran. Four monogenic resistance genes in tomato are used for identification of races of Fol and their corresponding avirulence genes Avr1, Avr2 and Avr3 were identified in pathogen one of which, Avr2, is f.sp. specific. Hence they can serve as reliable markers for racial identity and f.sp discrimination. These markers have been used for strains from other countries except Iran. Furthermore, a point mutation in Avr3 can lead to enhanced virulence of Fol on a susceptible tomato cultivar. To identify forma specialis and racial identity, Avr genes were studied in a collection of Iranian strains. Results revealed that PCR assay is very efficient in distinguishing between non-pathogenic and low virulence strains and in the vast majority of strains, avirulence genotype was consistent with Fol race1. Furthermore, to determine whether allelic variation of Avr3 could separate strains of different degrees of virulence, Avr3 wassequenced in Fol strains with high and low virulence. The resultsrevealed that allelicvariation of Avr3 was not correlated with degree of virulence in Iranian strains.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Summer 2022)
Abstract
Research subject: In the present study, titanium dioxide/silver nanocomposites (TiO2/Ag) were synthesized by sol-gel method and their performance for photocatalytic removal of metribuzin was compared with commercial TiO2 catalysts P25 Degussa.
Research approach: The synthesized nanocomposites were evaluated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The effect of operating parameters including reaction time (0-240 minutes), pH (9-4), catalyst dose (0.005-0.015 g), temperature (10-60 ºC), visible light and UV light radiation, concentration Initial metribuzin (10-25 mg/L), the catalyst effect in the dark, and the amount of silver in TiO2/Ag nanocomposites (0.10-7% by weight) were investigated on the photocatalytic removal of metribuzin from artificial and real aqueous solutions.
Main results: Laboratory investigations showed that TiO2/Ag nanocomposite containing 10% by weight of silver, reaction time of 120 minutes, pH equal to 6, catalyst mass of 0.013 g, and initial concentration of 10 mg/L metribuzin are the best properties to maximize the removal of metribuzin in the presence of UV light. The obtained results showed that the synthesized TiO2/Ag nanocomposite has a higher potential in the degradation of herbicides compared to the commercial TiO2 nano-catalyst. In addition, the proposed method was used to remove metribuzin injected into the water of the Karun and Zohreh rivers and the wastewater of the sugarcane factory under optimal conditions, and successful results were obtained. Also, the results of using and regenerating the titanium dioxide/silver catalyst three times to remove metribuzin show the high efficiency of this photocatalyst in removing metribuzin from water samples. Comparing the methods available in the literature for the removal of metribuzin with the present method showed that the proposed method is better or comparable to the reported methods.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (Vol. 11, No. 3 (Tome 57) (Articles in Persian) 2020)
Abstract
Audiovisual translation is a thriving new area of research on a-century-old practice of an intercultural communication mode. Subtitling as one of the most popular forms of audiovisual translation has been practiced by professionals in various ways. Traditionally, subtitlers have been asked to individually carry out the linguistic transfer between languages, to decide the in and out times of subtitles on screen, as well as to carry out the simulation, revision and quality control of the subtitles; an obsolete attitude which may not be compatible with today’s real world facts and working conditions and demands. Subtitling has also gained a special attention by language teaching experts as a very useful educational tool with many benefits for foreign language learners, hence the importance of subtitling education development. The present article investigates the influence of subtitle training classroom experience on subtitler trainees’ attitude towards teamwork skills in subtitling practice. Considering the special time constraints of subtitling projects and the different skills required for this translation, the role of teamwork has been typically highlighted in such projects both at the professional and freelance levels. To study the current situation and the relationship between subtitling education and teamwork in the Iranian training setting, 167 male and female English translation students at undergraduate level were selected to contribute to this project. The participants attended a 5-month subtitler training program in the form of 6 separate classes to learn and improve their subtitling skills. The quasi-experimental research based on a pre-test post-test model was used to collect data on the students’ attitude about teamwork skills before the training and after they have attended the course and have completed three real market-based subtitling projects in teams. The reliability and validity of the self-designed questionnaire to study the translation students’ attitudes towards teamwork skills were statistically established using confirmatory factor analysis and scale reliability analysis. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the related literature.
Volume 15, Issue 2 (4-2015)
Abstract
In this study, microstructure, microhardness and residual stress in the butt jointed friction stir welded aluminum alloy 2024-T351 plates with different tool’s rotational and traverse speed is studied. According to the 2024-T351 aluminum is a heat treatable alloy, Hardness test results showed that increasing rotational speed or decreasing traverse speed of the tool reduced hardness in the weld zone. Then, using standard X-ray diffraction, which is a non-destructive method, residual stress in the welded samples is determined. A thermal model of friction stir welding process is simulated by using finite element method in the ABAQUS software. Comparison of residual stress results that obtained from the numerical solution with experimental measurements show that, the numerical model can predict the residual stress fields in friction stir welding joints reasonably. The results show that, increasing rotational speed, cause to higher residual stress in the weld zone, due to generation the higher thermal gradient and also, The higher tool traverse speed will induce a greater high-stress zone with a higher stress value in the weld, because of, a lower heat input and result in the relatively harder metal in the weld zone, causes a greater resistance to the plastic extrusion.
Volume 16, Issue 6 (8-2016)
Abstract
Friction stir welded butt joints were performed on sheets made of AA2024-T351 aluminum alloy at tool rotational speeds of 400, 630, 800 rpm and traverse speeds of 8, 16, 25 mm/min. The fatigue crack propagation rate was investigated according to standard ASTM-E647 in CT specimens. FE simulation of FSW process was implemented for different welding conditions and next the fatigue crack propagation was simulated using XFEM method. In this analysis, to assess the damage in the joints, maximum stress criterion is used. The maximum principal stress in element was the fracture criterion. Numerical results are in good agreement with the experiments so the simulation is reliable. The obtained results show that the tool rotational and traverse speed affect the fatigues crack growth rate. For all welded specimens crack propagation rate was slower than that of the base metal for low values of ∆K (∆K≤13 Mpa) but is much faster at high values of ∆K. Furthermore fatigue properties of specimens that welded with lower speeds are better than base metal and increase in rotational or traverse speeds of the tool will increase the crack propagation rate of the welded specimens.
Volume 16, Issue 11 (1-2017)
Abstract
Object grasping by robot fingers with purely rolling constraints is one of the most interested issues under consideration by many researchers. In earlier studies, the main goal is the manipulation of object under purely rolling constraints to reach the final stable configuration. In this paper, we addition to derive kinematic and dynamic equations of the system dual fingers robot and grasp semicircular object on the horizontal plane with rigid hemi spherical fingertips under pure rolling constrained, we investigate object manipulation on desired path with keeping dynamics stability. In this way, we use modified multiple impedance control for object manipulation and robot fingers by considering the required reforms in this control law. In method multiple impedance control is made by applying to the desired behavior of the entire system, including fingers and object, dynamics stability condition is satisfied. In this way power adjustment and that these forces arrive in the right place largely effective in minimizing slip is the fingers on the surface object. The results of simulations shows the eligible object manipulation and dynamics stability by fingers robot under pure rolling grasp.
Volume 17, Issue 5 (7-2017)
Abstract
The use of automatic systems for space exploration can dramatically decrease the cost of desired mission. One of the structures that has previously been utilized for space exploration is the wheeled rovers. Wheeled rovers have wide work space and can move with a proper velocity. Their mechanisms are simple and are energy efficient. In the most of the previous studies, it has been assumed that the wheeled robot chassis is rigid. However, if the wheeled robot motion on relatively rough terrain is required then it should be equipped with flexible suspension. Also, in most of the earlier studies, the nonlinear friction between the wheels and ground has not been modeled. Consequently, in this paper, the dynamics equations of a wheeled robotic system with flexible suspension is derived. To model the friction and wheels slip, the Dugoff friction model is utilized. Considering the wheels torque as inputs, a novel two-layer driver is proposed. Adopting the suggested algorithm, the control of pitch angle is possible. In the first layer, the motion of the system is adjusted using modified multiple impedance approach. Also, in the second layer, which is called local controller, the actuating torque of wheels are adjusted so as the output forces/torques of the first layer can be realized. The obtained simulation results support the merits of the proposed new motion strategy control.
Volume 18, Issue 115 (September 2021)
Abstract
Use of nanoparticles in food packaging can be an effective step to reduce waste from pathogens and increase the shelf life of various products. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal effect of low-density polyethylene nanocomposite film containing nano clay halloysite/carvacrol hybrid and chitosan on pathogenic fungi including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Boterytis cinera, Penicillium Sp. and Rhizopus oryzae, the main cause of post-harvest rot of agricultural products. In this study, the nanocomposite films based on Low-density polyethylene containing 1.5 & 3% nano clay halloysite/carvacrol and 1 & 2% chitosan were produced by mixing them in a twin-screw extruder following by blowing film machine. The effect of these produced nanocomposites were then evaluated on the growth of five pathogenic fungal species. Based on the results of analysis of variance, it was found that the growth rate of the five studied fungal species was significantly affected by use of Nano clay Halloysite/carvacrol, so that the highest percentage of inhibition was related to the film containing 3% nano clay halloysite/carvacrol. However, the film containing chitosan had no significant effect on the growth of the studied fungi.
Volume 19, Issue 5 (9-2017)
Abstract
The aim of this study was an investigation on chemical composition including phenolic profile, mineral and carbohydrate content of the Terfezia claveryi (black truffle) and Tirmania nivea (white truffle). The identification of carbohydrates and individual phenolic compounds was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Total protein was determined by Kjeldahl method. Our research showed that Tirmania nivea had higher contents of protein than Terfezia claveryi. Among studied carbohydrates, glucose was detected at higher levels in both truffles. The mineral analysis showed that potassium and iron concentrations were found at high levels compared with other minerals. Higher contents of the examined phenolic compounds were determined in extracts of Terfezia claveryi compared to those of Tirmania nivea. Overall, these results support further examination of biochemical characteristics and verification of nutritional value of both the truffles.
Volume 19, Issue 125 (July 2022)
Abstract
In recent years, the use of natural and healthy compounds has been considered as a new method to control chilling and maintain postharvest quality of horticultural products. In this study, for the first time, pomegranate fruits were immersed in L-arginine solution at concentrations of 0, 1 and 2 mM and Its effects on the quality of pomegranate fruits ‘Malas-e-Saveh’ grown in Sari region was evaluated during 120 days in cold storage. Based on the obtained results, the treatment significantly increased the total phenol and antioxidant properties of the fruit compared to the control. Fruits treated with 1 mM L-arginine showed more antioxidant activity compared to the control. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, APX) as well as PAL enzyme increased accordingly. Whereas, H2O2 accumulation and PPO enzyme activity in fruits treated with 1 mM L-arginine were significantly reduced. Based on our results, L-arginine treatment can be used as a useful and practical method to maintain nutritional quality and increase the pomegranate storability due to its safety and effectiveness.
Volume 20, Issue 3 (9-2016)
Abstract
At the beginning of Meta information period, organizations were made by knowledge structure need to absorb knowledge workers more than before and organization efforts have been increased in order to create an attractive environment to keep and maintain capable person. In this guard this paper has been done based on a hybrid approach under a correlational- descriptive study to identify the elements of total reward package and investigate its role on perceived job attraction with moderator effect of knowledge employee's age. The statistical population of this paper is 1095 employees of knowledge based companies in science and Technology Park in Tehran.The instrument of data gathering in the first step was a semi structured interview by Delphi approach to identify the elements of total reward package. In the second step a 28 questions questionnaire has been used for measuring the relationship among variables in structural model. The results showed that the employees' age is a moderator variable in designing the elements of total rewards packages. In other words a mixed financial and nonfinancial element has the most job attraction for young employees. While non-financial elements is the key factor to create motivation for experience employees.
Volume 20, Issue 6 (June 2020)
Abstract
Deep drawing process is one of the most important processes of sheet forming, which is widely used in the deformation of metal sheets in order to produce parts with complex geometry. Several studies have been carried out on some steels with good formability such as low-carbon and austenitic stainless steels. Among different types of plain carbon steels, high carbon eutectiod steels are capable to withstand cold and warm working without formation of any defect, due to their fully pearlitic microstructure without the presence of proeutectoid phases and nano-sized cementite lamella. However, no comprehensive research has been conducted on the deep drawing process of eutectoid steel. In the present research, the formability of CK75 steel sheets was experimentally evaluated using warm deep drawing process. Warm deep drawing process of the CK75 steel was studied in the temperature range near and below the eutectoid transformation temperature. The results show that deformation at 700°C (near to the eutectoid temperature) lead to the uniform distribution of thickness and less instability. On the other hand, maximum instability (e.g. thinning) was obtained by warm deformation at 550°C. At the temperature above the eutectoid transformation temperature, due to the formation of multi-phase structure and non-uniform distribution of cementite particle, the workability was reduced and led to the occurrence of rupture during deep drawing.
Volume 21, Issue 1 (Spring 2017)
Abstract
Understanding the challenges (barriers and limitations) of any capital flow in human settlements can lead to a more efficient use of that capital flow or improve its performance. Migrants’ remittances are known as one of the spatial investment flows in the settlements of Lamerd County. As one of such physical-spatial areas, Lamerd county settlements enjoy this capital flow. In this area and based on the previous researches of the authors of this paper, on one hand, the functions of this investment flow are negligible in economic sectors and economic activities and on the other hand, this investment flow does not follow spatial order and spatial planning approaches in the planning system. Therefore, using qualitative research method and based on grounded theory, this article seeks to understand the challenges of migrants' remittances from the standpoint of the interest community based on target sampling and the opinions of experts of organizations from the public and the private sectors as well as those of local elites and trustees. The results obtained from a three-step scientific coding in the grounded theory led to the extraction of 46 concepts, 17 broad categories, and finally 2 nuclear issues including “motivational obstacles and limitations of economic investment” and “structural-legal barriers and limitations of economic investment”. Having examined the causal conditions, the phenomenon, context, intervening conditions, strategies and outcomes of each of these nuclear categories, the phenomenon of “structural-motivated barriers” were defined as the focal challenge confronting migrants’ remittances in the economic development with planning approach in this physical-spatial field.