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The main purpose of this research is experimental and theoretical study on demulsifying components effect on demulsification rate of water-in-oil emulsions. In other words, some surfactants is considered and their function as a demulsifier in breaking crude oil emulsions has been investigated by bottle test. To develop a theoretical model to take into account the effect of demulsifier agent on demulsification rate of water-in-oil emulsion. Considering similarity between gas adsorption, and agent adsorption on the water-oil interface, a Langmuir isotherm based model is developed to correlate interfacial tension of water and oil phases to demulsifier concentration. Based on the proposed correlation, the collision frequency function in population balance equation is modified to account the effect of demulsifier agent on water droplets coalescence. The proposed model consists of some adjustable parameters that need to be fitted with experimental data. Therefore, a group of surface-active compounds are supplied and their demulsification capability is investigated through bottle test method. The experimental demulsification results are compared with population balance simulation results and it is apperared that the developed model could appropriately reproduce experimental data at different agent concentrations.

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In this study, the three phase mixed matrix membranes comprising Pebax®1657, PEG-200 and MIL-53(AL) nanoparticles were evaluated for CO2 gas separation. The effect of various PEG-200 and MIL-53(AL) concentration within the pebax polymeric matrix on the structure, gas permeability, and selectivity of the membranes was investigated. To study the cross-sectional morphology, crystallinity and thermal properties of the synthesized membranes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were utilized, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), was also carried out to identify the formation of the chemical bonds in the membrane. SEM images demonstrated a uniform cross-section and admissible dispersion of nanoparticles. The results of the thermal analyses indicated an increase in crystallinity and Tg in presence of MIL-53 particles. Permeation of pure gases (i.e., CO2, CH4) through the prepared neat Pebax®1657, the blended Pebax/PEG-200 and the Pebax/PEG-200/MIL-53(AL) mixed matrix membrane was measured at the pressure of 2–10 bar and temperature of 30 °C. The results showed that at the pressure 10 bar, the CO2 gas permeation from 133.36 barrer in pure membrane increased to 311.7 barrer (134%) in a membrane containing 10%wt MIL-53.
 

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The current study assessed the effects of common herbicides produced by different companies on broadleaved and grass weed control and quantitative traits of irrigated wheat. A two-year experiment (2013-2014 and 2014-2015) was designed as an RCBD with three replications. Experimental treatments included two control treatments (weedy and weed-free) and 15 herbicides produced by three Iranian companies (Ghazal, Golsam-Gorgan, and Gyah) and three international companies (BASF, Nufarm, and Syngenta). The results showed that H13 (bromoxynil + MCPA from BASF tank-mixed with clodinafop propargyl from Golsam Gorgan) and H14 (bromoxynil + MCPA from BASF tank mixed with clodinafop propargyl from Ghazal) treatments in 2014 and H5 (tribenuron methyl from Gyah) and H9 (clodinafop propargyl tank-mixed with tribenuron methyl from Golsam Gorgan) in 2015 almost completely controlled broadleaved and grass weeds. In 2014, H4 (2,4-D + MCPA from Nufarm) and H13 treatments with the averages of 7505 and 7338 kg ha^-1 ranked first and second in grain yield, while H9 and H12 (bromoxynil + MCPA from BASF tank-mixed with clodinafop propargyl from Gyah) with the averages of 7966 and 7917 kg ha^-1 were known as superior treatments in 2015. Averaged by years, the grain yield was 3185 kg ha^-1 at weedy treatment (H17). Although there were no significant differences between herbicides, the grain yield (averaged by years and herbicides) was boosted by 88% compared with the weedy treatment. It was concluded that more rainfall and desirable air temperature positively affected the efficacy of the herbicides.
 

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Using CFD, the effect of burner angle on an aluminum rotary furnace performance is studied in the present study. Turbulent non-premixed combustion of natural gas and oxygen, radiation, furnace rotation, aluminum smelting and aluminum burn-off are considered in the proposed numerical model. According to the distinct phenomena occurring in an aluminum rotary furnace, the model divides the furnace into three zones: refractory lining, combustion zone and melt zone. Only heat can be transferred through interfaces of zones and mass transfer through them is not considered in such furnace modeling. Numerical simulations regarding burner angles form 0ᵒ to 15ᵒ revealed that the higher burner angles enhance the fuel and oxygen mixing and increases the resident time of combustion gases in the furnace atmosphere, which consequently improve the furnace performance and lower the aluminum melting rate. However, the simulation results also showed that burner angles more than 10ᵒ are not applicable due to refractory lining overheat. It was showed eventually that changing burner angle from 0ᵒ to 10ᵒ decreases furnace operation time by 35 minutes and increases furnace thermal efficiency from 65% to 74.7%.

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Due to the increasing demand for using polyethylene pipes in gas distribution networks and regarding the technical specifications of transmission and suitable service condition as well as ease of implementation and installation, these materials are considered as ideal substitutes for metal pipes. Regarding the safety and economic aspects in PE (polyethylene) pipe networks before and during the operations, technical inspection is highly required. Examinations have a significant role in the safety and proper function of gas distribution PE pipes tests, because of the damage of the products and excessive costs and time are not usually affordable. Consequently, the mentioned tests are nowadays being replaced by non-destructive types and admissibility of various industries gas company in these methods is increasing. Electrofusion is a proper and fundamental technique for connecting PE pipes. In this research, the mechanism of electrofusion tapping saddle polyethylene welding has thoroughly been studied and simulated using ABAQUS software. Thermal equation of electrofusion is investigated and the results of simulation as compared with experimental results have been evaluated based on which the best qualified methods for connection have been determined and presented.

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Objective: Development of high producing mammalian cell lines is a major bottleneck in manufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins. This study examines the effect of using the matrix attachment region from the human interferon beta gene in combination with promoter activation strategy with E1A 13S protein on human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Methods: The matrix attachment region was cloned in 3΄ and 5΄ flanking sides of the t-PA expression cassette in pTPA vector to generate pMTPA. After transfection of the cells with pTPA and pMTPA vectors, stable cell pools were developed and the t-PA expression level determined for each stable cell line. In the next step, E1A 13S expression plasmid was transfected to stable cell pools and t-PA titers were measured after 72 hours. Results: Integration of pTPA and pMTPA vectors in the CHO genome was confirmed by PCR analysis on genomic DNA of stable cell pools. Analysis of the t-PA expression level showed a three-fold enhancement in pMTPA transfected cells compared to pTPA-containing cells. t-PA expression was further enhanced up to 1771 U/ml by transient expression of E1A 13S in pMTPA stable cell pools. Conclusion: These results have shown that incorporation of matrix attachment region in an expression vector in combination with promoter activation can effectively enhance recombinant protein expression levels in CHO cells.

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Due to increasing the heat transfer surface area and high providing capillary pressure with high permeability, porous structures play a key role in improving the performance of two phase heat transfer devices such as heat pipes. New porous structures (bi-porous structures), have two distinct size distribution of pores of which the small pores provide the capillary pressure required for delivering liquid to the surface and large pores help vapor escape from the surface through increasing its permeability. The main goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the evaporator section of heat pipes and comparison between the performances of two sample biporous structures. Towards this goal first the Kovalev modeling technique is applied to determine the possibility of each phase’s existence in pores of different sizes throughout the computational domain. One dimensional heat transfer in a bi-porous wick is investigated. Inside the domain the conservation equations are solved for each phase and the results such as heat flux versus wall superheat are presented. Thermo-physical properties of the fluid and the matrix like the fluid properties, phase saturation and permeability and the conduction heat transfer coefficient are calculated from the geometry of the matrix and experimental relationships.

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Stem cells due to their ability of self-renewing and the potential of differentiating to different cell lineages are the ideal choices in regenerative tissue engineering. Under cyclic loading, these cells could differentiate to those kind of cells that experience similar conditions inside the body, like osteocytes and chondrocytes. In this research, the purpose is to investigate the effect of the 10 percent cyclic strain with the frequency of 1 Hertz on the mechanical response of a single mesenchymal stem cell cultured in a fibrin hydrogel block, using the finite element method and considering the role of integrins and implementing the Simo’s hyper-viscoelastic model for the cytoskeleton as long as the uniaxial loading leads the cell to differentiate toward Fibrochondrocyte. The results of presented model show that the averages of the circumferential, radial and shear stresses are 240, 260 and 140 Pascal, respectively and corresponding forces are 24, 45 and 15 Pico-Newton. The results imply that stresses and forces generated inside the cytoskeleton are large enough to elicit a different response from the cell. This research results can be very effective for better designing of biological experiments.

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 In recent years, the development of a knowledge-based economy and the presence of Iranian companies in global markets has become one of the main economic priorities of the country. The purpose of this study is to develop and develop a strategic model for the transnational presence of knowledge-based companies in foreign markets in a mixed exploratory study. After identifying the knowledge-based companies’ internationalization constructs in a qualitative study in this research, by interviewing 14 connoisseurs and analyzing the data that acquired from the interviews using the grounded theory method, in a quantitative study and collecting information through a questionnaire of 243 in 73 company, the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling has been used to estimate and calculate the relationships in the achieved model. Analysis of research data shows that the combination of three categories of resource-oriented, network-oriented, and entrepreneur-oriented components can lead to the sustainable international presence of Iranian knowledge-based companies. And their strategy is to grow through a customer-oriented competition based on technology, and they can get improved performance in three components: reputation, survival, and technological growth.

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Time in the metaphysical sense is an infinite cognitive system that calls man to dynamic thought and does not limit it in time framework and focusing on though takes on a dimension beyond reality.
Existence too does not know the limitation of time and depends on the mind without reality. The poetic presence creates meanings in various perspectives. There are thinkers in Iran and the Arab world who have discussed time and existence in poetry from a philosophical perspective. Dariush Shayegan, a contemporary Iranian writer, translator and thinker, wrote the book entitled Five Realms of Being to show how the Iranians and the five great poets, namely: Ferdousi, Rumi, Khayyam, Hafiz, and Saadi are connected. Arabic Poetics of Adunis is a literary and critical study in the field of poetry, contemporary Arabic literature and culture. With his cryptic and philosophical writings, invites the audience to think. The book that was originally university lectures consists of four studies: poetics and pre-Islamic narratives, poetics and the Qur’anic space, poetic and thought and, poetic and modernity. This article employs a comparison between the two books taking into account their philosophical views, both existentially and chronologically, as they are philosophers of vision, regardless of being authors.