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Volume 25, Issue 5 (9-2023)
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes associated with algae represent a rich source of bioactive metabolites and biostimulants that can be used practically in agriculture as biofertilizer. We carried out a series of experiments to study the diversity of bacterial endophytes associated with seaweed species of the Persian Gulf (PG) and Oman Sea (OS) and their capability in nourishing Mexican lime seedlings. We collected samples of brown, red, and green seaweed species (62 samples of brown, 79 of red and 49 of green) from intertidal zones of PG and OS in southern coastlines of Iran. The isolated bacteria were identified molecularly, morphologically and physiologically. Among 12 bacterial genera identified, the genus Bacillus had the highest frequency (51.51%). In addition to identification, results showed that all bacterial endophytes isolates were negative oxidase, most isolates (81.25 %) were positive catalase and could produce HCN, and all isolates produced IAA, from 0.897 μg mL-1 in Empedobacter falsenii to 0.085 μg mL-1 in Bacillus zhangzhouensis. Most isolates (96.77%) were able to grow on medium incorporated with different NaCl concentrations. Results of inoculation showed that lime seedlings colonized by B. aquimaris (MT278260), B. megaterium (MN626631) and B. zhangzhouensis (MN611359) had more growth and intended morphological characteristics than those lacking endophytes.
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
Today, due to the rapid growth in population, many problems have arisen such as a lack of, and improper spatial distribution of urban services. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate accessibility in Bojnourd city by considering key land uses with different travel modes. In this research, 6 key land uses have been identified and accessibility to three modes of travel on foot, bus, and taxi have been obtained for each of the land uses using the two-stage floating catchment area (2SFCA) method. Also, based on the usage of each travel mode, their relative weight is obtained. Then, the integrated accessibility for each land uses is obtained based on three travel modes. Also, using the DANP method, the weight of each land use was obtained and the integrated accessibility map was obtained using the weighted linear combination (WLC) method. Based on the weighing results, green spaces and educational land uses have been the most important. According to the final accessibility, the central and southern parts of the city and the township located in the east of the city have favorable accessibility whereas other areas have unfavorable accessibility. Based on the results, we can conclude that vertical spatial justice has not been observed in Bojnourd city; because the neighborhoods that do not have a good social and economic level, lack good level of accessibility.