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Language as a social phenomenon is associated with the construction of social and community values; an interactive and two-way communication, so that either language has an impact on the social construction, and social context and environment have influences on language. In some cases, language differences may lead to differences in perception of the world. The main goal of this paper is Comparative investigating the function of language in justice development (called: Linguistic Justice). The results showed that in lingual justice approach, justice is built based on the language constructs, and it develops and strengthens the linguistic capabilities of every society. Therefore, to achieve a just society, using of just words, and just language as well as understanding the concepts of justice are more emphasized. Use of degrading words for highlighting of humane defects or showing the influence and power are forbidden and enrichment of language by justice words is very important as a main agenda. In other words, stigmatizing language, which is based on detecting of rebuke differences of people and setting a hierarchy of power, will be against the requirements of lingual justice.

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One of the pillars of Iran administrative system reform roadmap and macro-administrative policies is development of e-government and administrative intelligence to facilitate service delivery to the public. So, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive model for introducing Smart Organization. It is conducted by qualitative approach framework using grounded theory method. To this end, 17 faculty members and experts in field of organization and management were selected using theoretical sampling method and in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analysed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Thus 230 initial codes, 72 concepts and 17 categories were extracted. Then, the Delphi method was used to validate the model and 31 people were selected by snowball sampling based on their academic, research or executive in organization and management. A questionnaire based on model components was provided to them. The consensus index increased in the three rounds, so that the Kendall coefficient in the third round was higher than 0.7, indicating a strong consensus among the experts on the model components. Data analysis showed that inside and outside of the organization factors are causal factors; information technology, intelligent management, knowledge management, human capital, equipment and infrastructure, organizational structure and learning organization are contextual factors; developmental culture, trust, commitment, and organizational justice are interfering factors; Information technology governance and knowledge management are strategies for smart organization that have inside and outside of the organizational consequences.
 

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This paper aimed to identify the characteristics of human capital the Smart Organization in a mixed method. In the Qualitative section, 17 faculty members in of organization and management were selected using theoretical sampling method and conducted in-depth and semi-structured interviews were. Data were analyzed by content analysis in Maxqda software. Sub-Sample members of the quantitative section included 200 employees of Zahedan Municipality, regions and affiliated organizations who were selected by stratified random sampling method. At the quantitative section, the instrument was researcher-made questionnaire by acceptable validity that its reliability confirmed by Confirmatory factor analysis in Lisrel software. Evaluation of the identified characteristics was performed by T-test in SPSS software. Individual abilities, skills, knowledge, emotional intelligence, cultural intelligence and organizational intelligence were the characteristics of human capital of Smart Organization. In addition, it was found that the skills are moderate and the status of knowledge, emotional intelligence, cultural intelligence and organizational intelligence is good, but individual abilities and is not in a good condition.

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This article was developed on the base of the findings of a research named “Designing a public policy making system to achieve social justice, based on Alavian truth-oriented model of governance” (2004). Every public policy making system is usually designed based on a set of principles and fundamental statements; the principles that are impacted from dominant doctrines of political philosophy schools in their social environment. Usually these doctrines are formulated by ideological challenges, ethical discourses or reasonable consensus. But, to conceptualize the truth oriented justice, it is important to regard logical analytical method for referring and formulating the statements to establish a reliable knowledge based system. So, applying comparative analysis and logical analytical method will help the transaction from truth-directed system to truth-oriented system. In this method, after introduction and acceptance of a set of reasonable principles, several theorems were extract. (These principles were extracted from Nahjolballagha but were formulated based on logical analytical method); and the final logical system was made based on these principles and theorems. Accordingly, we can benchmark these statements as one of the best systems for assessing the doctrines of other systems. In this way, the universal declaration of human rights, as a best verbal artifacts of human being, was compared with this system, using a comparative approach. Finally, the valuable results of the truth-oriented system were emphasized.

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Structural changes in the government usually occur in different governments in a piecemeal manner, with a partial approach and without a macro view. The structural reforms of the government require understanding the general process of these changes from a macro perspective and in a long-term period.The purpose of this research is to examine the structural changes of the Ministry of Education since the Islamic Revolution and the historical institutional analysis of these changes.
The necessity of the desired structural reforms in the government is to know the historical-institutional context of the formation and change of structures. The strategy of this research is interpretive; Therefore, in order to deeply understand or know an organization, it is necessary to know and understand its roots and historical contexts.
we found that the multiplicity of decision-making authorities regarding the structure of the Ministry of Education causes disorganization and incoherence in the policy. This ministry's policies have become so that they often conflict with each other and neutralize each other's previous decisions. Even though the legal competence of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution is ambiguous in terms of its legal position to change the structure of the government, but still this authority is relatively safe and uncriticized in the margin of indiscriminate expansion and sometimes parallelism in the structure of the Ministry of Education and Education continues and it is necessary to carry out institutional reforms in the Ministry of Education regarding the recognition of a single and legal path to create structural changes.

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Aims: The concept of "identity" has always been the subject of discussion in the articles and studies of this field as one of the most popular and debated topics of architecture and urban planning. However, the various readings and lack of understanding of this concept have led to some kind of confusion in policies and planning. It tries to answer the question that what are the alternative futures of the identity of architecture and urban planning in Iran.

Methods: This research was conducted as a fundamental research, in the tradition of qualitative research, with the benefit of theme analysis and then layered causal analysis (CIA) based on in-depth semi-structured interviews. For a deeper understanding of the participants' mentality, first by using the theme analysis method, the main and sub-themes were identified, and then by using the causal layer analysis method, by rereading the main and sub-themes, the main propositions in each classification layer and alternative images of the future have been calculated from the concept of identity.

Findings: The findings of the research show that the images of the future of identity in the mind of architects and urban planners consist of four main images: "Identity Sufficiency and Technology Durability", "Creating disaster and inevitable future", "Return to Purity", and "Wisdom and Creation of Obese Identity". 

Conclusion: The results of the research show that four groups in the architecture and urban planning community of Iran will build the future of identity based on the four alternative images obtained. Because images, due to their power to direct will, are effective factors in shaping the future.

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The government, through its policies, is trying to expand the boundaries of accountability by monitoring and evaluation. Therefore designing a monitoring and evaluation system in each of the areas of government activities, in addition to learning policy, also helps to improve policies and policy making. Increasing demand for knowledge, endeavors of top sovereignty in committing to science and technology, developing a comprehensive scientific map, changing the admissions system, expansion of academic education and research institutions, requires the need for developing a monitoring and evaluation of the policies of the Ministry of Education. In this study, a monitoring and evaluation model is designed using five criteria includes Relevancy, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, and impact by results-based management. This model is tested in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Results show that the groundwork for the development of this model started from the introduction of monitoring and evaluation and the three main groups demand-driven assessment include Sovereignty, state and civil society which provide  its way through results-based management chain .

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Rapid and wide-ranging environmental changes have challenged traditional systems of strategy making, and strategic foresight has been increasingly welcomed by organizations due to flexibility against alternative futures. This research seeks to develop the process of creating strategic options in strategic foresight for organizations and is a developmental research in terms of purpose. The overall research method is qualitative. First, based on the analysis and interpretation of literature and research background, 19 requirements and steps were presented, to develop strategic options in strategic foresight. Then, with the help of Delphi technique, the validity of the list of provided items was tested. The second round of Delphi, confirmed the scientific and practical appropriateness of all items and their general goodness of fit. In the end, based on presented requirements and steps, the research suggested that managers consider the 26 types of integrated strategy options, presented in this study, in the process of creating strategy for their organizations.