---

Introduction
After the three eras of agriculture, industry and information, the sky of the virtual age over the heads of humans has covered the vast umbrella of human geography in every corner of the boundless earth. The fourth technological revolution is a reality that has and will affect all city and urban structures in the world. In this regard, "crypto cities" and "metaverse cities" are two technological phenomena affected by this revolution and based on technologies such as blockchain, cryptocurrency, etc., which have attracted attention in the advanced world, and even in this direction, measures have been initiated. According to the twenty-year vision of Iran's development, which aims to gain the first place in the region for the country, and in line with the country's development laws, which includes the urban economy and the development of technologies required for urban management along with the knowledge economy this axis is emphasized in Iran. Also, based on the horizon of the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress as an upstream document, in 1450 AH, Iran should be among the five leading countries in the world in the production of thought and technology, and from a knowledge-based and self-based economy based on rationality, justice and Islamic spirituality and one of the ten largest economic powers in the world; Therefore, logically- by designing such a vision- one cannot ignore the phenomenon of the fourth technological wave and its manifestations, i.e. crypto cities and metaverse cities that are rising. But the problem of this research is that until now, due to the importance of metaverse cities in the future of the country, this phenomenon has not been addressed from different points of views. Therefore, it is clear that there is a significant gap in the research done inside the country. This research, due to the importance of the topic, aimed to answer the following questions:
 what are the consequences of moving towards the metaverse cities for Iran?
 what issues should be taken into consideration in the planning of the future metaverse cities of Iran?
 what are the causal conditions that justify the establishment of Metaverse cities in Iran?
 what strategies and solutions (measures) are necessary for the purpose of guiding and measures for the future metaverse cities of the country?
Also, the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress is considered as an upstream document; Therefore, as a rule and logically, it has a very high influence in the future metaverse cities of the country. Therefore, other question is that:
 what points can be obtained from the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress in relation to the measures for the proper management of the future metaverse cities of the country?
Methology
This article is fundamental. It is question-oriented and it is done in document and library method. Also, it is qualitative research, which is exploratory through the qualitative content analysis method, and it is done in the framework of the grounded theory method. The statistical sample of the research includes a range of documents and scientific studies related to the central topic of the research which used the available sampling method.
Research findings
Based on research findings, metaverse cities will have consequences for the country. In this connection, in the case of proper management and appropriate measures, this wave will have more positive consequences than negative consequences. Also, in terms of intervening conditions, culture and cultural policies, especially in the field of virtual space, the culture of Technology acceptance, the dominant philosophy of Technology policy (technorealism, neoladism, and techno-utopianism), the state of establishment of the fourth technological wave paradigm, and the state of establishment of the participation-oriented paradigm, sustainable development, knowledge-based development and strengthening the city's integrity are considered non-technical intervention conditions. In relation to technical categories, the state of information and communication Technology components including infrastructure (computers, transmission networks, internet, etc.), application software, manpower and Technology management in the framework of indicators such as processing, bandwidth, user experience, connectivity, e-commerce, programming languages, network and computer architecture and storage resources, based on research findings, as intervening conditions in the establishment of metaverse cities in Iran are discussed. Background conditions are special conditions that affect strategies and solutions. These are a combination of technical conditions, jurisprudential bases, legal bases and monetary policies. In connection with the technical conditions, we can refer to the 8 enablers of metaverse Technology including: network, edge/cloud, artificial intelligence, computer vision, blockchain, internet of things and robotics, user interaction and augmented reality and 6 pillars of the metaverse ecosystem including: avatar, content production , virtual economy, social acceptance, security and privacy, and trust and responsibility centered on the 4 basic components of blockchain metaverse cities, virtual currency, exchangeable token and social interactions (social networks). Besides these conditions, jurisprudential bases, legal bases and monetary and currency policies of the country - based on research findings - are the background conditions that should be considered in strategies and solutions. Causal conditions also specify the categories that are related to the conditions for creating the central category. Based on research findings, integration in policy making, legislation, planning, implementation and monitoring, in other words integrated management and measures are the most important causal conditions in this field. According to the contextual, intervening categories, as well as the consequences and disadvantages of metaverse cities (in case of inappropriate management and measures) were raised. Strategies and solutions in line with appropriate management and measures of metaverse cities can be divided into two categories: technical and non-technical.
Conclusions
Based on the results of the research, considering the conditions mentioned in the research, including integration in policy making, legislation, planning, implementation and monitoring, it is possible to achieve metaverse cities in the country with social, economic, cultural and environmental low consequences. Also, in the Iranian Islamic Model of Progress document, three paragraphs in the measures section are dedicated to virtual space; In total, the following points, based on the results of the research, were used in order to take advantage of the measures in order to achieve the worthy leadership of the country's future in addition to the above-mentioned points:
 1) accepted metaverse city; It is a healthy, useful, safe and ethical space based on Iranian Islamic values, culture and identity, and is a fair space in which justice has been observed in exploiting the virtual opportunity;
2) The future metaverse cities of the country should be in line with promoting local knowledge, developing the country, providing security and increasing the resilience of infrastructure; this matter will be done with public participation and international cooperation;
3) Metaverse city can be a platform for promoting creative and cultural industries in accordance with the national and local capabilities of Iran in which norming, promotion and expansion of Islamic culture and values ​​of Iran has been done considering the demand of the regional and global audience.

---

               Abstract
In the present study, The effect of phthalate ester toxicity (0.1 and 1 mg/L) was investigated on some non-specific mucus parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 180 common carp (17.60±2.22gr) is gathered from warm water fish center and they were allocated into 9 tanks (20 Fish per tank). Fish adapted to new condition for a week. During this time; they were feed twice a day with same diets. Fishes were exposed at 3 concentration treatments containing 0; 0.1 and 1 mg/L DEHP under laboratory condition (25±0.5°C; pH: 7.4-8) for a period of 96 hours. Alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, soluble protein, and immunoglobulin of mucus was measured and evaluated. The results showed that the levels of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin in common carp skin mucus decreased when exposed to DEHP (with increasing concentration and exposure duration) And the level of soluble protein of common carp skin mucus increased when exposed to DEHP (with increasing concentration and exposure duration). These results indicated that concentrations of DEHP beneficially affects Amino Acid profiles of skin mucus in carp and they were categorized in 4 branches. There were Significant differences between exposed and control groups. Therefore; fish skin mucus can be a biomarker for showing contaminants and toxins. And the high consumption of plastic materials can be a warning to the health of aquatic animals and humans.
 

---

Aims: Cities play a key role in promoting human values. Nowadays, population growth, widespread urbanization in developing countries, demographic change, environmental challenges, economic problems, urban transportation problems, advances in information and communication technology, and bureaucracy have necessitated the need for smart urban governance. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a model of smart urban governance with a future study approach.
Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical and exploratory. The statistical community is experts in the field of research. The sample size was determined using Roscoe rules 45 people and the sampling method is snowball.
Findings:  the key drivers of smart city governance were extracted from Latin sources as well as the Delphi method, 9 key drivers for the future of smart city governance were considered. In the next step, scenarios were developed for each driver and strategies were considered for each desired scenario. Finally, the model of smart city governance in Rasht was presented.
Conclusion: direct citizenship education, design of public participation opportunities, formulation of local policies, integrated urban management, create a financial model to allocate appropriate budgets, development of data communication infrastructure and access network, encourage investors, develop The law as a means of attracting private sector investment in public infrastructure, Creating open data portals, enacting strong laws to protect the privacy, providing online services and eliminating bureaucracy and careful planning of smart government at the national level, the highest score in achieving They achieved the model of futuristic smart city governance.

---

The purpose of this essay is to review one of Frazad Qaemi’s papers: “Why Does Ferīdōn mean the "Third"? Decoding the Mystery of Ferīdōn’s Name According to Function Analysis of Myth: A Study in Historical Linguistics (Diachronic Etymology)”. The paper shows the writer was not specialist in the subject matter he discussed. Due to his unfamiliarity with the concepts, initial knowledge and the resources of this area, made his analysis and conclusions were flawed. Nevertheless, the way he refers to other works is too unaccustomed, they mostly show that the writer, Qaemi, trying to refer his incorrect thoughts and analysis to reliable sources, and with this technique, he was trying to prove the audience that his incorrect analysis and ideas are correct. Aside from that, Qaemi, used the analysis and accomplishment of other writers, but unfortunately, he did not refer to them in his paper, implying that they were his own, which is clearly plagiarism. The paper contains many errors, making it a good example for methodology courses as it shows students what they should avoid in a journal paper.

1. Introduction
Qaemi’s paper focus on why Fereydun’s epithet is “The Third”. He tried to explore connections between this title with the haoma-preesing rite and the three-brother pattern in Iranian Mythology. Qaemi also examined other subjects and finally considered a three-part Dissociation in Iranian myth.
These are the most important topics of the paper. There are two kind of references for supporting these analysis and ideas, 1: pre- and post-Islamic text. 2- Other scholars’ works.
First, his reasoning and analysis for connecting Fereydun to haoma-pressing function are incorrect because some scholars like Mayrehofer and Boyce point to Vedic texts where Trita appears as the first soma-presser. In Iranian texts, Ābtin (Fereydun’s father) called the second haoma-presser and Freydun’s name is not among haoma-pressing at all. Secondly, the concept of three-brother pattern may be more like a pattern not a function and this idea, like the previous one, does not align with how Fereydun’s myth portrayed in the texts. Therefore, the texts that he used in his paper not only support his analysis and conclusions but also are against them. The texts and resources he mentioned appear irrelevant to the discussions and arguments or sometimes been referred incorrectly. Needless to say conspicuously absent from Qaemi’s analysis is Fereydun’s well established as a dragon slayer. This review tries to show the mistakes occurred by Qaemi in his paper.

2. Method
Firstly, the method of this review is to track Qaemi’s references to verify their accuracy. Secondly, it examines these sources to identify any potential plagiarism or improper citation practices. Besides, this review aims to rectify Qamei’s mistakes (=errors).

3. Results
Through a close analysis of Qaemi’s paper, this review arrives at the following conclusions:
1- The writer had no particular expertise in the topic he chose for his paper. 2- Plagiarism; he used other scholars accomplishment without referring to them. 3- The author used inaccurate references to persuade the audience to agree with his misguided analysis and conclusions. 4- Using Wikipedia in a journal paper. All of this leads the paper to unfavorable scholastic outcomes. It is worth mentioning that this review does not contain every mistakes in Qaemi’s paper just few instances.

 

---

Kefir is one of the fermented milk products that plays a major role in nutrition and human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding asparagus extract and green tea extract on survival of probiotic bacteria, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of kefir. Different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) of asparagus extract and green tea extract were used in kefir and the samples were stored at 4˚C for two weeks.The results showed that addition of herbal extracts decreased pH and increased acidity and antioxidant activity of the samples (p≤0.05). The highest antioxidant activity was related to the sample containing 1.5% green tea extract. During storage time, pH of the samples decreased, but acidity increased significantly (p≤0.05). There was no significant difference between samples in terms of viability of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus (p>0.05). The viability of probiotic bacteria decreased significantly (p≤0.05) during storage but in all samples, the number of bacteria was more than 10⁸ CFU/ml until the end of the storage period. The sample containing 1.5% asparagus extract had the highest score of overall acceptance. Therefore, this sample was selected as the best treatment.

---

Main attention of urban regeneration encompasses plans with economic, environmental and structural goals. Therefore, it is necessary that a shift is gradually made in urban regeneration from mere landscaping towards increase of attention to a broader approach of that such as regeneration approach of basic culture so that financial and economic interests in urban plans are addressed and the route of this investment is specified in parallel with establishment of cultural and art centers and spending leisure times. In addition to capital return, because of providing special attractions for the presence of people, the operated zones are influenced completely. In this regard, it is considered as the motive of urban development in the process of urban regeneration. This research seeks such approach of regeneration for leisure spaces in urban blight of Gheytariyeh. Results showed that the study area was not in situation with respect to land use of leisure. On the other hand, the utilized qualitative method identified criteria to achieve a qualitative, quantitative and desirable balance and access of residents to urban services such as leisure services in terms of approach of regeneration in the urban blight. By performing spatial analyses of west blocks which are the transport nodes of neighborhood entry and are in relation to major arterials of this zone with Gheytariyeh, Dezaship and Tajrish and ruined land uses and some of vacant lands in this section, it can be considered as the optimum zone of spaces for spending leisure times.

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different ratios of starter and kind of probiotic culture on the physicochemical, textural, microbial and sensory properties of probiotic soy cheese. Different ratios of starter (50% thermophilic + 50% mesophilic , 25% thermophilic + 75% mesophilic, 75% thermophilic + 25% mesophilic) with different species of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis were used to produce probiotic soy cheese. The results were analyzed in a completely randomized design consisting of 12 treatments with 3 replications using two-way analysis of variance. The means were compared by Duncan's multiple range test at 5% probability level. The results showed that treatment 10 (cheese sample containing starter compound (75% thermophilic + 25% mesophilic) + Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic bacterium) had the lowest pH and the highest acidity. The highest amount of acetic acid was related to treatment 12 (cheese sample containing starter compound (75% thermophilic + 25% mesophilic) + Bifidobacterium lactis probiotic bacterium). In all samples of probiotic soy cheese, the population of probiotic bacteria was in the range of 7-8 log cfu / g. Treatment 6 (cheese sample containing starter compound (25% thermophilic + 75% mesophilic) + Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic bacterium) had the highest hardness, cohesiveness and tissue springiness, also treatment 6 had the highest sensory quality score, therefore this sample the best treatment was selected. Overall, the results showed that probiotic soy cheese is a suitable environment for the growth of probiotic bacteria and the production of a functional product.
 

---

Today, special attention is paid to the use of bioactive peptides in the production of functional foods and drugs. In the present study, isolation and evaluation of bioactive properties of peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of soy whey were investigated. For enzymatic hydrolysis of soy whey protein, two types of enzymes, ficin and trypsin, were used at temperatures of 37 °C and 45 °C and at times of 2 and 4 hours. Then, the obtained protein hydrolysates were separated by reverse phase- high performance liquid chromatography and the obtained fractions were collected for biological activity. Statistical analysis of hydrolysis degree results was conducted by factorial method. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the results of the bioactive properties of peptides. The means were compared by Duncan's multiple range test at 5% probability level. Based on the results, peptide fractions had good antioxidant activity and also showed antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The T4F7 fraction (the seventh fraction obtained from trypsin-prepared protein hydrolyzate at 45 °C for 4 hours) had the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, this fraction was considered as the superior fraction. Electrophoregram of separation of peptide components in the selected bioactive peptide fraction (T4F7) showd that the presence of peptides with a molecular mass often of about 5 to 10 kDa and Less than 50 kDa is the main cause of desirable antioxidant properties in this treatment. Therefore, soy whey peptide can be used as a functional ingredient and natural preservative in food products.
 

---

---

Nowadays, due to the favorable effects of natural antioxidants such as the essential oils of various plants and delaying or preventing the oxidation of food based on oil or fat, instead of synthetic antioxidants, it has received a lot of attention. In this study, the effect of using the essential oils of Ferulago contracta, Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula officinalis plants extracted by steam distillation (at three levels of 100, 300 and 500 ppm) on the thermal stability of camellia oil extracted by cold pressing method under accelerated conditions (maintenance of oil at 65°C for 14 days) was investigated in comparison with camellia oil containing synthetic antioxidant TBHQ. Data analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS25 software and comparing means using Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the type of essential oil, storage time and also their interaction had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the peroxide, anisidine and TOTOX value, so that with the increase in the storage time of the samples, the peroxide, anisidine and TOTOX value increased significantly (p<0.05) and with increasing the concentration of essential oils, it decreased significantly (p<0.05). After 14 days of storage in accelerated conditions, according to the results related to the total oxidation (TOTOX value), using the essential oil of Ferulago contracta and Rosmarinus officinalis (at the level of 500 ppm), the oxidation resistance of camellia oil compared to camellia oil samples containing the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ, it increased and the shelf life and use of camelina oil for frying became suitable.

 

---

In this research, the effects of different concentrations of green tea extract (0, 1.5, and 2.5 percent) on Lactobacillus casei survival, antioxidant activity, and drinking sensation of probiotics based on a mixture of different concentrations of celery juice (10, 15, and 20 percent), apple juice (5, 7.5 and 10%) and carrot juice (5, 7.5 and 10%) were investigated. 10 treatments were investigated with three replications. The qualitative characteristics of the probiotic drink samples were investigated during the storage period (first, eleventh and twenty-first days). Based on the obtained results, increasing the percentage of green tea as well as the concentration of celery, carrot and apple juice decreased the pH and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical inhibition percentage), phenolic compounds, as well as increased the viability of Lactobacillus casei and organoleptic properties in the probiotic drink (p<0.05). On the other hand, the duration of storage decreased the pH and antioxidant properties (p<0.05). Also, the survival of Lactobacillus casei decreased during the storage period (p<0.05). The treatment had the highest amount of green tea (2.5%) and the highest concentration of celery juice (20%), carrot (10%) and apple (10%) and the highest sensory quality (taste, smell, texture, color, overall acceptance) and The population of probiotic bacteria in this treatment was more than 7 log cfu/g on the 21st day.
 

---

Poultry should be stored in appropriate conditions to prevent its fast spoilage. Using ‎antimicrobial coatings is considered as one of the ‎methods to preserve‎ this product. In this study, ‎‎Chitosan and Chitosan-Nisin coatings were examined under refrigerated‎ conditions at a temperature of 4°C. The ‎samples were packed in ‎ uncoated as the control, ‎Chitosan coating, and Chitosan-Nisin coating groups. The chicken fillets were tested for microbial (total ‎bacterial count, Salmonella count, and staphylococcus aureus coagulase) and ‎physicochemical (pH, color, and texture) features on the first, third, fifth, and ‎seventh days of storage. Based on the results, the ‎Chitosan coating increased the shelf life of fresh chicken under refrigerated conditions by three-days, which demonstrated‎ an inhibitory effect on the overall bacterial growth until the ‎third day. Finally, Chitosan coating demonstrated an antibacterial effect on the Salmonella and positive ‎staphylococcus aureus coagulase until the fifth day. The samples with‎ Chitosan-Nisin were found to be more effective than the Chitosan ‎coated samples. In addition, the‎ Chitosan-Nisin coated samples‎ prevented the growth of total bacteria including‎ Salmonella, ‎and‎ positive staphylococcus‏ ‏aureus coagulase. Further, it increased the shelf life of fresh ‎chicken under refrigerated conditions at the temperature of 4 °C for seven days.
 

---

---

The compound droplets resulting from water-in-oil-in-water emulsions have many applications, including in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Investigating the effective parameters in the production of these droplets plays an important role in their controlled production. In this numerical study, the production of compound droplets in a three-phase axisymmetric glass capillary microfluidic device is investigated. The structure of this system consists of two co-flow and one flow-focusing devices. In this study, the volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to solve the governing equations in different phases. 5 dimensionless parameters are selected to check the effect of each component on the diameter, the generation frequency, and the breakup length of the compound droplets. This study has successfully predicted the formation of compound droplets in the droplet regime. The simulation results show that with increasing the ratio of inner nozzle diameter to outer tube diameter, the core diameter enhances and the shell thickness decreases. By decreasing the angle of the inner nozzle tip, the drop regime changes to the jet regime. By increasing the contact angle of the middle phase with respect to the outer phase in the outer tube wall from 90 to 120 degrees, the frequency of droplet generation increases by 22%. The results of this study can be used for applications such as 3D cell culture.

---

Background: Most digital imaging systems provide a variety of image processing techniques. The aim of the present study was to compare the performance of bite wing digital radiography with and without the application of 3D emboss image processing filters in identifying recurrent proximal caries. Materials and methods: In the current study, cavities were created in both proximal surfaces of 52 healthy premolar teeth for Class II amalgam restoration. Caries lesions were artificially created by a 0.5 mm trend burr randomly in each tooth and repaired with amalgam. Standard digital radiographs were performed using the Digora® Optime system. Unfiltered and filtered images with 3D emboss filter were observed by 2 radiologists with at least 2 years of work experience and the final results were analyzed with Chi-square statistics. Results: The obtained results demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of caries detection changes with the change in the observer, although no significant difference was observed between the sensitivity and specificity of the third and fourth observers. In addition, the results of this research showed that the sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of detecting recurrent secondary caries in radiographs without using the 3D emboss filter for all observers participating in this project was more significant than the sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of radiographs with 3D emboss filter. Conclusion: The obtained data documents that use of the 3D emboss filter failed to improve the diagnosis of recurrent secondary caries through reduces the sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of diagnosis.
 

---

The current article seeks to review the published literature regarding the possible impacts of antioxidant therapy on the management of oral inflammatory conditions. Evidence for this review was systematically collected from reputable scientific databases, focusing on studies published between 2010 and 2024. To ensure a thorough exploration of the topic, broad keywords such as Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Oral Diseases were employed, utilizing both "OR" and "AND" search strategies. The findings from the reviewed literature suggest that antioxidant therapy, whether derived from natural sources or synthesized, demonstrates statistically significant improvements in alleviating oral diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, this review underscores the promise of antioxidant agents in both the prevention and treatment of inflammatory oral diseases, indicating that dietary changes and the intake of antioxidant supplements may be beneficial in managing these conditions
 

---

Background: Oral health issues, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer, represent significant challenges to global health. Proper and balanced nutrition plays a vital role in this context, as it is fundamental to overall health, which includes the condition of the oral cavity and teeth. Nutrition pertains to the specific nutrients absorbed by the body, while diet encompasses all nutrients and non-nutrients consumed. The quality of nutrition directly influences the growth, development, and metabolic functions of the periodontium. A deficiency in essential nutrients can lead to changes in the primary factors associated with periodontal diseases, and dietary choices can significantly influence the progression of these ailments. This review article provides a meta-analysis of the existing literature to evaluate the effects of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevention of oral health problems. Method: A systematic review of studies was performed from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from 2000 onward to investigate the connections between specific dietary components, lifestyle habits, and oral health outcomes. Results: The findings indicate notable correlations among elevated consumption of processed sugars, inadequate oral hygiene, and the use of tobacco and alcohol, all of which increase the likelihood of developing oral diseases. Conversely, a diet abundant in fruits, vegetables, and vital nutrients, along with consistent oral hygiene practices, is linked to a lower risk of these health issues. Conclusion: This meta-analysis highlights the essential role that dietary and lifestyle modifications play in strategies aimed at preventing oral diseases