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Point of view, as the most important aspect of the narrative structure, is the window through which the reader sees the different scenes of the story and the behavior of the characters. The author or the narrator, according to his purpose and skill, uses different methods of point of view in the narration. The present article deals with the descriptive-analytical method of studying the point of view in the tale "Fisherman and Monster" and its related narrative circles in the story collection "One Thousand and One Nights". In this way, the model of Jacques Fontaine, a contemporary semiotician, has been used. He considers the types of applied point of view in the discourse as "universal, cumulative or serial, selective, particularizing, parallel and conflicting ". Based on this, the research answers the question of which cognitive angles did the narrator use in the story of the fisherman and the monster and how? The findings of the research show that with every point of view and rotation, the author creates new form and new meaning in the story in order to have a greater impact on the structure and reach the meaning and purpose. He has used different types of
cognitive points of view based on purposefulness, but the "universal" one, due to the omniscient nature of the narrator and the use of description technique, has the highest frequency in the above-mentioned story and its narrative circles.

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Aim and Introduction
Over the past few decades, the housing market has experienced recurrent boom-and-bust cycles and considerable price volatility. A significant portion of this volatility can be attributed to speculative activities. Speculators often purchase properties with the expectation of future price increases, which contributes to the formation of housing price bubble. These bubbles not only destabilize the economy but also lead to serious social consequences. As such, policymakers have consistently focused on identifying the determinants of speculative behavior and housing market bubbles. One of the government’s regulatory instruments in this domain is the transfer tax, intended to influence trader behavior and mitigate housing price bubbles. This study investigates the effect of transfer tax policies on the housing price bubble in Shiraz city.
Methodology
This research employs an Agent-Based Model (ABM) to simulate the dynamic processes of the housing market and analyze the contributing factors to price bubble formation. The model incorporates four key agents active in the housing market: sellers, buyers (including both personal-consumption and speculative buyers), developers, and real estate agencies. Data and statistics up to the beginning of 1401 (2022) were incorporated into the model to forecast housing prices in Shiraz through 1409 (2030).
Three scenarios were tested by varying the proportion of speculative buyers—30%, 50%, and 70%—and applying different transfer tax rates of 1% and 5%. The simulation explores how these variables influence the magnitude and growth of the housing price bubble under different market conditions.
Results and Discussion
The findings reveal that, regardless of the proportion of speculative buyers, the implementation of transfer taxes can reduce the housing price bubble in Shiraz. However, the extent of this effect varies with market conditions. These results align with prior studies, such as Chen (2017) and Izadkhasthi et al. (2018), which found that transfer taxes can mitigate housing price volatility.
Proponents of transfer taxes argue that speculative activities drive housing price bubbles and that such taxes increase transaction costs, thereby reducing speculative trading and contributing to market stability. For instance, with a 70% speculative buyer share and a 5% tax rate, the housing price bubble decreased by approximately 25% between 1401 and 1409. In contrast, a 1% tax rate under the same market conditions led to a 22% reduction in the bubble. However, when only 30% of buyers were speculative, the tax had a comparatively more minor effect, indicating that the efficacy of the tax diminishes when fewer speculators are present.
Conclusion
The results suggest that increasing the transfer tax rate does not necessarily reduce the housing price bubble. In scenarios with 30%, 40%, and 50% speculative buyer presence, higher average tax rates did not result in a significant reduction in the housing bubble and, in some cases, slightly intensified it. This supports earlier warnings in financial economics literature—such as those by Schwert and Seguin (1993) – that excessive transaction taxes may deter informed traders, who play a vital role in maintaining market efficiency and price stability. Similarly, Friedman (1953) emphasized the stabilizing role of rational traders in financial markets.
According to the simulation results, Article 59 of Iran’s Direct Taxes Law, which stipulates a 5% transfer tax, may help reduce housing bubbles in Shiraz and potentially nationwide. However, the optimal tax rate should be adaptive and context-specific, considering the varying proportions of speculative and non-speculative market participants. Therefore, the government is advised to collect comprehensive data on the structure of the housing market, assess the share of speculative transactions, and adjust tax rates accordingly.
Moreover, since the transfer tax only applies to documented transactions, many informal or contract-based transactions—particularly those occurring prior to property completion—escape taxation. In such cases, builders may sell properties through promissory notes or undocumented agreements, which are difficult to track and tax. As a result, it is recommended that the government strengthen monitoring mechanisms for such transactions. This includes identifying and intercepting units exchanged informally or without official documentation to ensure both effective taxation and bubble control.

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Oil resistant o-rings on the basis of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) reinforced by nanoclay were produced via a traditional industrial method in accordance with aviation standard, AMS 7272. The production of nanocomposites comprised the compounding of nanocomposite with optimum mechanical properties and minimum contents of used carbon black and nanoclay, design and manufacturing of the required mold and finally compression molding of the oring. Mechanical and morphological properties of NBR/nanoclay compounds were optimized by introduction of proper contents of a compatibilizer containing a mixture of resorcinol and hexamethylene tetramine through using a master batch production method. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, curing measurements and tensile test analysis. The XRD analysis showed that the compatibilizer facilitates the intercalation of nanoclay silicate layers with the rubber chains which leads to the increase of their basal spacing. The cure characteristics of the nanocomposites showed a decrease of scorch time and increase the cure rate index with the nanoclay loadings. Furthermore, the minimum scorch time and maximum cure rate index could be achieved through using the appropriate content of compatibilizer. The results exhibit that the nanocomposites containing the compatibilizer have higher mechanical properties especially at higher deformations compared to the corresponding uncompatibilized nanocomposites

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The impact of meteorological and hydrological drought on groundwater resources in coastal deserts in the south of Iran was investigated during 1991-2011, using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), and Groundwater Resources Index (GRI). The results indicated that wet and drought spells governed the area in the first and second decades, respectively, which was similarly reflected by the three indices; GRI had a good correlation with SPI and SRI in 48-month time scale. This correlation was simultaneously in the eastern and western coasts and with a 6 months delay in the central plains. The findings can help to provide reasonable managerial strategy in relation to water resources management in the coastal plains.

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Story utterances are means for expressing sayings and thoughts, and a suitable situation for promoting story incidents that establish a wide part of every story; the "narrator" should represent the utterances in a way that the reader gets familiarized with the story deeply. Therefore, stylistics of story utterances is necessary for better understanding of the story. Styles of representing story utterances, which comes from the relationship between the narrator and the story characters, are divided into five types:  direct speech, indirect speech, free direct speech, free indirect speech, and narrative report of utterances. The present article deals with descriptive and analytic styles of "Assabbar" novel (1976), while it presents a complete statistics population of story utterances. The findings showed that utterances in the order of direct speech style, narrative report of utterances and free direct speech style have the most frequency in this novel. The narrator allows characters to connect with the reader by using direct speech and free direct speech styles, and familiarize them with the political, social and cultural problems of their society, because these two styles cause intimacy between the reader and the characters, and transfer the message of the writer to the reader in a good way. Sometimes, the narrator establishes control over the time of the story incidents, and advances them with a narrative report.

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Quran artistic literature – especially prophets` stories- as a rich speech series with meaning layers provides the capacity of semiotic analysis for Qurans` researchers. This approach studies the production, perception and function of meaning in discourse disciplines, with the aim of making Quran concepts more practical, with an updated language relying on semiotics strategies. The present study tries to make it possible and clarifies and studies the Quran with more details. In this way, by the aim of applying Quran concepts with modern languages studies, the story of Queen of Sheba believing in Allah has been explored based on semiotics findings.  This unique story gathered religious aim and artistic techniques beautifully.
Present approach investigates to explain management and religious governance that have a main role in transforming a person and a society. The main problem is finding the role of emotional and cognitive presence in How Queen of Sheba believed in Allah and reached monotheism. In this way, the author tries to investigate the process of semiotic change by investigating form- content approach, analyzing the process of content change and regime in power of this story. Present study with such an objective and using descriptive method and semiotics approach analysis ( based on Tension based discourse analysis)  wants to answer two main questions:  - How interweaving of cognitive and emotional perspectives makes the process of discourse? – Which intelligent schema are made or dominated based on this process? The hypothesis is that cognitive and emotional reaction, bring about tensive process and intelligent schema that is dominated with amplification construction of two perspectives.
The findings of the current research showed that in studying the meaning of this story, tensive process acts as a more significant basis. The Queen intends to reconstruct the type of her presence in the new experience and the position of the court Solomon, the prophet. Mingling this emotional and cognitive presence in fluctuant and spectral reaction, causes the process of the meaning of the story which tends towards the tensive discourse. In this interaction, through a step by step operation, the discourse moves from the first meaning (following the discipline of shirk) to the second meaning (faith to Allah) and in this way, meaning change occurs.  This change associates with the discourse connections and discontinuities. In these connections and discontinuities tensive process leads to the formation of three intelligent schemas; amongst them, intelligent process schema is dominated with constant amplification construction in two perspectives of density and spectrum.
 

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Aims: Identifying the educational contents affecting couples' communication skills can help psychologists resolve important marital problems. This study was designed to focus on the most important educational contents classified in communication skills interventions.
Information & Methods: This study reviewed the articles in the PubMed and Science Direct databases in February 2020. Articles screened in two databases were according to “titles and abstracts”, “past ten years”, “full-text”, and “open access” filters. The present study was designed based on the York Protocol. Evaluation of the information in the articles of this study was reported based on Elo S’ study. The CONSORT Checklist was used to report the clinical trials. This study was completed by incorporating 19 articles related to communication skills interventions.
Findings: The educational contents of this study were divided into two categories individual and interpersonal educational content. Also, individual and interpersonal educational content was divided into the following four categories. These four consist of rational, practical, emotional, and motivational content. The intervention was completed via six articles, and all six could be accessed virtually. The educational content, such as problem-solving, emotional skills, listening skills, behavior change, and behavioral coping skills, were the most frequent educational content in the articles of this study.
Conclusion: Problem-solving, listening skills, emotional skills, behavioral coping skills, and behavior change are the most frequent educational content in communication skills interventions.
 

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In this paper we introduced a new method for motion control in humanoid robots. The problem of movement learning specially dance and repetitive actions of human beings to humanoid robots is a major challenge in the field of robotics. Imitation learning, which is a subset of supervised learning, is a main form to teach complex tasks to the humanoid robot, and the accordingly is based on that an artificial system can imitate a lot of information through learning from human trainer. The main technique is using Central Pattern Generators structures which is able to produce required motion trajectories based on imitation learning. Systematic design of this these neural networks is main problem which is solved in this paper. The proposed model is a basic paradigm for imitation learning in the humanoid robots which do not required direct design of controller and programming. The proposed model has many benefits including smooth walking patterns and modulation during imitation. Simulation results of this learning system in the robot simulator (WEBOTS) that has been linked with MATLAB software and its implementation on a NAO robot demonstrate that the robot has learned desired motion with high accuracy. This model can be extended and used in the Nao soccer player both for the standard platform and the 3D soccer simulation leagues of Robocup SPL competitions to train different types of motions.

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This paper presents a non-hydrostatic two-dimensional vertical (2DV) numerical model for the simulation of wave-porous structure problems. The flow in both porous and pure fluid regions is described by the extended Navier-Stokes equations, in which the resistance to flow through a porous medium is considered by including the additional terms of drag and inertia forces. The finite volume method (FVM) in an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description is employed to discretize the flow and transport equations. A two-step fractional method has been deployed to solve the governing equations. In the first step, the momentum equations in the absence of pressure field were solved to compute an intermediate velocity. The second fractional step consisted of bringing the pressure terms back into the equations, and calculating the pressure field by solving the extended continuity equation and the momentum equations excluding advective and diffusive terms and drag force components. By substitution of the approximations of the pressure derivatives into momentum equations, and subject to the continuity constraint, the pressure Poisson equation was obtained. The solution of the pressure Poisson equation led to a linear system of equations in the form of a block tri-diagonal matrix with the pressures as unknowns. The second step was completed by computing the updated velocity values. In the present numerical model, two types of boundary conditions, namely Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions were adapted to solve the governing equations. The Dirichlet boundary condition was set to zero for normal velocities at impermeable bottom and the Neumann boundary condition was considered to be equal to zero for normal gradient of the tangential velocities at impermeable bed and also the left side of the computational domain. At open boundaries, where required, by setting the dynamic pressure equal to zero at the end of the numerical domain, a free exit for water was considered. The newly developed model in the absence of porous medium was verified by comparing the numerical simulations with the analytical solutions of a solitary wave propagation in a constant water depth. The newly developed model was then employed to simulate the solitary wave interaction with a permeable submerged breakwater. Based on the numerical results, when the solitary wave front reaches the offshore side of the submerged breakwater, due to the hydraulic jump formation, the flow is separated from the top of the obstacle and small clockwise vortices are generated at the leading edge of the breakwater. As the wave passes over the breakwater, the primary vortex grows in size and penetrates into the deeper layers of water. It was also seen that, due to the drag and inertia resistance forces of the porous medium, the velocity inside the permeable breakwater was noticeably smaller than that on the top of the breakwater. The comparisons between the numerical results and experimental measurements for time histories of water displacements, spatial distributions of free surface elevation, velocity fields and velocity profiles in both horizontal and vertical components, showed the capability of the newly developed model in predicting wave interaction with permeable submerged breakwater.

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In the polishing process, one of the factors affecting material removal is the contact force between the tool and the workpiece. The contact force parameter is important in the sense that in this process, the amount of this force is lower than other machining processes, as a result, the force contact is one of the important issues to be controlled. In this research, a force control system based on the implementation of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm with regulatory strategy in Arduino board is presented. It is possible to apply command signals to the actuator by the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) unit of the Arduino board. The polishing setup in this research includes solenoid, dynamometer, direct current (DC) motor and belt sander. PID control coefficients were estimated by system identification method and using MATLAB software tools. The results show that the control system designed on the Arduino board provides the desired stability to control the polishing force with an acceptable error. Among other advantages of the developed system, the need for additional equipment is reduced compared to other commercial systems and it is more economical.

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Aging of can lead to significant cognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. In addition, aging leads to more susceptibility to neurological disorders, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Accordingly, white matter (WM) changes associated with aging may be a factor in the functional impairment seen in the elderly. In this study, we initially determined whether the corpus callosum (CC) of old mice exhibited signs of cellular aging compared to young mice. To investigate cellular aging indices we examined SA-β-galactosidase and relative telomere length as markers of aging in the CC. Following this, we measured the myelination index through the g-ratio calculation. Our study demonstrated an increased g-ratio and axon diameter in aged mice. We also analyzed ultrastructural changes of myelinated axons and mitochondria in the CC of aged mice. The CC underwent substantial ultrastructural variation following the aging. These changes included myelination breakdown, the formation of myelin balloons, loss of the compact structure of myelin, and increased intramembrane density. we also investigated the impact of aging on mitochondria ultrastructure. We observed the presence of dark matrices and interconnected crista in a subgroup of the mitochondria in the CC. Such alterations are indicative of the deterioration in the integrity of WM with age. These findings are crucial as they provide insights into how aging affects the structural and functional aspects of WM, particularly in the CC. Understanding these changes is essential for developing strategies to mitigate age-related cognitive decline and to address the heightened susceptibility of aged WM to neurological disorders.
 

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This paper investigates the conflation of “Path” conceptual semantic in Motion events in the Central-Kurdish (Sorani) Language, Ardelani Dialect, in light of Talmy notions in this regard. According to Talmy, in each Motion event, four main elements i.e. “Figure”, “Ground”, “Path” and “Motion” are involved. These conceptual meanings can be lexicalized either on “Verb Root” or on “Satellite”. By considering a conceptual meaning like “Path” and investigating the surface element that shows it, we can define the typology of languages as “Verb-Framed” or “Satellite-Framed”. In this paper, after analyzing sample sentences containing “Path” concept, in addition to showing the way this concept is lexicalized in Kurdish, we would define typology of Ardelani dialect among Indo-European languages. Data used in this paper is a selection of 23 sentences extracted from a corpus of 890 sentences containing Motion event that have lexicalized Path concept. These sentences have been produced by 18 different native Ardelani speakers in three different groups.

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The stigma as one of the most important concepts of Erving Goffman in dramatic sociology that investigates the identity that arises with the creation of a gap between social identity (that arises in the interaction with other people) and the potential identity (with which individuals define themselves). Such people are not able to follow the common norms of society and as a result they are not accepted by others and a "stigma" is put on their forehead. In the novel Chicago by Alaa Al  Aswany, we are witnessed to the stigma attached to two main female characters, Shayma (Egyptian) and Carol (American). These two Eastern and Western women who are dealing with the stigma. With a descriptive-analytical method, this study tries to investigate the "Stigma" theory of Goffman and to analyze the action of each of the female protagonists against the stigma and find solutions for it. The results indicate that Shayma is facing the stigma of having an illicit relationship with her classmate and getting pregnant by him, and to get rid of it, she has an abortion. But Carol suffers from ethnic-racial stigma that has faced her with social rejection, she succumbs to other stigmas in order to get rid of it and achieve a desirable social status.