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An important subject in the field of linguistics is the impact of one thought system on the community of lingual symbols. The relationship between mind and language conventions has long been of interest to linguists. The importance of this relationship becomes more prominent in comparative approaches where, through comparative study and analysis of the main schemas of the ideas of several thinkers or artists, the researcher traces the consistent and common use of linguistic symbols. In the hermeneutic analysis of the works of Mowlana Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Rumi, the interpretation of symbols, analogy and codes governing his mind and language is a major research interest. One of the most important branches among these researches concerns the kinship of Mowlana’s language codes with other thinkers and artists. On the other hand, Nietzsche, as a transcendental thinker, tries to use a symbolic language in explaining his thinking system. Due to his familiarity with the culture and literature of the East and the essential sameness of some of his principles with Mowlana’s transcendental approaches about the existence, morality, art , etc., Nietzsche achieves a set of symbols common with Rumi, which forms a shared language between the two thinkers.  

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Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered an opportunistic pathogen; several reports indicate that the organism can also cause infections in healthy hosts. Four effector proteins have been described in P. aeruginosa: exoU, exoS, exoT, and exoY. These genes that are translated into protein products related to type III secretion systems. Materials and Methods: A total of 134 samples were isolated, and P. aeruginosa was identified using biochemical tests. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, and the presence of the exoSand exoUgenes were detected by PCR. Biofilms were formed by culturing P. aeruginosaon glass slides in rich medium. Results: The exoU(73%), exoS (62%) genes were detected from infections caused by P. aeruginosa in urinary tract infection patients. Among the 119 strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Conclusion: An improved understanding of virulence genes and biofilm formation in P.aeruginosa may facilitate the future development of novel vaccines and drug treatments.

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The role of sports sociology is to explain and better understand the phenomenon of sports and its function. There are many researches in the field of sports sociology in Iran. But, a general look at these researches' status, findings, and approaches is needed. This study was conducted with the aim of a systematic review of sports sociology research in Iran. The research method was qualitative and developmental. This research, as a secondary study, has been done with a systematic review approach. The research sample consisted of 19 articles published in domestic scientific research journals between 1390 and 1400, which were extracted from "Noormags," "Magiran," "SID," and "Ensani" databases. The research results showed that the conducted studies can be categorized in the two general categories of social function of sports in 28 subcategories and social participation of sports in 119 subcategories. The subcategories such as social order, social cohesion, aggression, abnormal behavior, moral behavior, social policy, social trust, and hooliganism can be classified under a more general category called the social function of sports. Also, subcategories such as culturing sports for all, sports participation of women based on gender norms, sports participation of the disabled, participation in sports activities of women and men, social consequences of participation in sports, sports participation of the elderlies are categorized in the concept of "social participation in sports." The most important research gap observed in the studies of the sociology of sports is related to the field of cultural behaviors, including the cultural behaviors of spectators, such as slogans and activities of spectators in sports venues.
 

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The effects of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd.) and Phyllanthus fraternus (Webster) powders were evaluatedin reducing Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus zeamais (L.) adult emergence and cowpea and maize seed damage under laboratory conditions. The dried and powdered plant leaves were tested against the virgin weevils by exposing ten unsexed adults to concentration levels of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of seeds in three replications. Results obtained showed that the plant powders did not cause significant adult mortality of either of the insects but, significant reductions were recorded in terms of weight loss, seed damage, adult emergence and number of exit holes in maize. The plant powders showed great potentials for use as plant derived insecticides for controlling C. maculatus and S. zeamais in stored seeds.

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Sugar beet molasses is a well-known, inexpensive and available carbon source for microbial cell growth. Its sugar components are used to produce energy for microbial growth and non-sugar components, especially nitrogen components, have important roles in improvement of cell growth. On the other hand, immobilization of whole cell is establishment and physical limitation of intact cells in specific space that keeps their catalytic activity and provides the possibility of reuse of the cells. This technique allows continuous and accelerated biological processes. It also improves production efficiency and quality and simplifies recycling of product. Immobilized living cells, as controlled catalysts, are able to perform one-step enzymatic reaction and continuous fermentative processes. In this research, E.coli cells were immobilized in calcium alginate hydrogels and using sugar beet molasses as carbon source, were applied for tryptophan production reaction in the presence of its precursors, serine and indole. In comparison between free biocatalysts and immobilized bacterial cells that entrapped in alginate gels, indicated that larger amounts of amino acids (about 42/9%) can produce in calcium alginate. Also the production reaction was followed up for 9 sequential cycles, and results showed that the cells could produce tryptophan amino acid under above conditions. Use of sugar beet molasses (by-product of agriculture industries) for growth of microbial cells and tryptophan production, causes decrease in production cost and more economical production of tryptophan by immobilized E. coli.

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Three different solvents namely; hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were used in partitioning the extracts obtained from Piper guineense seeds and solvent extracts were investigated for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Extracts were further evaluated on adult maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais. Experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 2 °C ambient temperatures and 65 ± 5% relative humidity and was arranged in a completely randomised design in four replicates. Parameters assessed, including contact toxicity, repellent effects as well as effect of solvent extracts on the germination of maize seeds. Results obtained showed that the solvent extracts contained all the secondary metabolites tested except flavonoids and steroids. As well, all the solvent extracts were lethal and possessed high repellent action against S. zeamais, with ethanol fraction being the most potent. There was no significant difference in the germination of seeds treated with the solvent extracts as well as the ethanol control. The results obtained from this study reveal P. guineese as a potential candidate for bio insecticide and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticides.

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The issue of job absenteeism as a critical factor for organizations brings significant financial losses. The absence is one of the all-consuming challenging and time consuming problems organizations could face and in economic point of view, one of the factors increasing the cost of production. These issues are more common in estate owned organizations. Given the need to identify causes of absenteeism and staff desertion, this study, with scientific and realistic analysis on the causes of absenteeism, try to find solutions and ways to overcome these issues. Reviewing experiences of some management scientists and sociologists, Q-methodology used to identify important factors causing employees absenteeism which those factors were finalizing using factor analysis. Statistical population was staff of the case study where three of the specialists interviewed, 40 Q identified and prioritized by the participants. 5 factors were identified, which collectively illustrate the importance of performance-based pay, developing systematic indicators to evaluate performance, enriching jobs by redefining the identity, awareness and transparency in the formulation and implementation of organizational structure.

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Background: In late December 2019, a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pneumonia, began to spread from Wuhan, China. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently threatening the world’s public health and so far, no specific and effective treatment has been found for the disease. Due to the physiological changes in the body of pregnant women during pregnancy, the occurrence of infection in pregnant women could affect the health of both mother and her fetus. The present paper aimed to study the findings related to the effects of coronavirus on pregnant women and their fetuses during pregnancy, diagnostic methods, care protocols in pregnant women, and postpartum care.
Methods: The information included in this review was extracted from articles, published protocols, and valid statistics. In this study, articles indexed in Latin databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus), clinical protocols, and reports of reputable health organizations from January to august 2020 were reviewed using a combination of the following keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnant woman, and pregnancy.
Conclusion: Due to the global prevalence of this virus, protocols and health care should be applied for pregnant women in accordance with other people. It is also necessary to take preventive measures at the community level. In this regard, the management of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection is of particular importance during the pandemic period of the disease. However, more extensive studies are required to validate these principles. This review summarized the precautions that should be taken before and after delivery.

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Environmental risks associated with the use of synthetic fungicides have resulted in an emergent trend in plant disease control with focus on the use of botanicals. In this work, the peels of ripe sweet orange fruits were removed, air dried, powdered and extracted with 95% ethanol. The agar diffusion method was used to test the crude extract against the mould, Lasiodiplodia sp. IMI 50324 Which was originally isolated from rotten orange fruits. The extract inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus. The ethanolic extract was subsequently purified by column chromatography and the fractions separately tested for antifungal action. Total phenol contents of fractions and crude extract were both determined. Active fractions were pooled together and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for structural elucidation. GC-MS revealed that the peel extract contained the flavonoid 5, 6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-hexamethoxyflavone which is commonly called nobiletin. The presence of 5, 6, 7, 8, 3', 4' hexamethoxyflavone in the peel together with the high total phenol content probably account for inhibition of the test fungus.
 

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The quest for new sources of cheap and eco-friendly insecticide for insect pest management remains a major challenge facing cowpea farmers in many developing countries. In this study, the toxicity and biochemical mechanisms associated with the insecticidal efficacy of acetone and n-hexane extracts of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) and Senna occidentalis (L.) on Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) were investigated. The insecticidal efficacy varied with concentration, exposure time and extracts type. Acetone extract of X. aethiopica was less toxic (LD₅₀ = 2.47%) than its n-hexane extract (LD₅₀ = 1.39%) but with S. occidentalis, acetone extract was more toxic (LD₅₀ = 0.73%) than n-hexane extract (LD₅₀ = 1.37%). Acetone extract of both plants evoked a significant reduction in egg-laying and eclosion ability of adult C. chinensis compared to n-hexane extract except on cowpea pre-treated with acetone extract of S. occidentalis. Only the extracts of X. aethiopica reduced protein concentration compared to control. The activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase was significantly reduced by both extracts of S. occidentalis while only n-hexane extract of S. occidentalis elicited a significant reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase and trehalase compared to other treatment levels. GC-MS analysis depicted Diisoocotyl phthalate (50.37%) and isomers of Aromandendrene (19.22%) as the main compounds in S. occidentalis and X. aethiopica respectively. Both botanical extracts also contained other insecticidal and insectifuge compounds in differential amounts. Overall, the findings demonstrated the potential of both botanical extracts, particularly acetone extract of S. occidentalis as alternatives to synthetic insecticide for controlling adult C. chinensis.
 

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The poems of Bidel as a remarkable poet of Indian style, who lived outside the geographical boundaries of Iran, reflects the popular culture, rituals, traditions, and people’s beliefs in India. This Persian mystic poet whose works originates from the basic culture of his homeland, consciously or unconsciously, accomplished to reflect parts of the culture and popular beliefs of Hindus in his poems through different ways. This study seeks to survey some popular beliefs, customs, ceremonies, and rituals dealt with Bidel Dehlavi in Mathnavi-e Erfan. The results of this research was extracted by a descriptive analysis revealing that beliefs in reincarnation, Sati practice, Vedas custom, and burning the dead people are among some common traditions and beliefs in the land of India applied by the poet to create artistic themes and explain mystic and religious ideas for the audience. Furthermore, the romance of Kamdi and Madan in Mathnavi-e Erfan displays the luxurious state of courts of the Indian kings and their social customs. This research can be a reflection of popular culture and tradition of Hindus, and be useful in ethnology studies, social science, and cultural research.
Review of the literature
No independent research study was found on the themes of people’s culture and customs of Hindus, and its reflection in Masnavi-e Erfan by Bidel Dehlavi. Although some studies have addressed some aspects of the Iranian culture in Bidel Dehlavi's poems, the following can be mentioned.
Khosravi et al. (2018) analyzed the level of Iranian culture in Bidel Dehlavi poems. Kariminia et al. (2018) focused on the reflection of public beliefs and ideas in Bidel's poems limiting themselves to the culture. Zolfaghari and Tabatabai (2015) studied the use of Persian proverbs in the poems of Bidel Dehlavi. Ranjbar (2013) investigated folklore in the Indian style describing aspects of people's culture in Bidel's poetry, which is a continuation of the Indian style poetry.
Hosseinabadi (2015) studied myths of death in the Indian vision. The study has only paid attention to the subject of death in Indian mythology and has tried to study the beliefs, customs, and rituals related to the Hindu religion. In the similar line, Eliassy (2009) studies the subject of reincarnation in Hindu texts. Latifi (2016) explained the functions of shroud and burial in Hinduism. It could be understood from the research background that the present study is significant in the field of reflection on Hindu culture and rituals in the Masnavi of Erfan Bidel Dehlavi.
Aims and questions
The main purpose of this research is to answer the following question: which of the customs and culture of Bidel is reflected India in "Masnavi-e Erfan"?
This Masnavi has become an important and reliable source for understanding the folklore and popular literature of the Indian land by containing long mystical thoughts as well as Bidel's references to Hindu folk culture, rituals, and customs. Hindu ideas about termination, metamorphosis, reincarnation, ritualism, Vedas, and the love story of "comedy and civilization" are of Indian origin. Although some of them are based on religious, philosophical, and theological views, it has shaped the culture of people in this land. Accordingly, in this research, an attempt is made to answer the research questions while analyzing and reporting some examples of Bidel's influence on Hindu's popular culture.
1. Which of the themes of Indian culture, including customs, traditions, and popular beliefs, is reflected in Bidel Dehlavi's Masnavi-e Erfan?
2. Is the poet only the narrator of some Hindu customs and rituals or he has been able to use these themes in an artistic way to express his mystical thoughts?
Assumptions
1. The ritual of burning the dead, the ritual of Sati, the commitment of Vedad, the religious ceremony of the Ganges River, and the story of "Comedy and Madan" are mentioned as part of the customs, traditions, beliefs, and rituals of Hindu culture and religion in Masnavi-e Erfan.
2. Bidel draws on highly mystical and poetic concepts in the form of anecdotes, and attractive and dynamic images of Hindu customs and rituals by using mystical terms.
Discussion
Studying the culture of the people in Bidel's Masnavi-e Erfan, we seek to examine some of the beliefs, customs, and traditions that are related to the culture of the Indian subcontinent and are reflected in Bidel's Masnavi. The study of Masnavi-e Erfan from the perspective of popular culture proves that he was raised in India. Wherever he had the opportunity, he displayed the main themes of the people's culture and various aspects of Hindu customs and beliefs in his poetry.
Belief in reincarnation and the influence on the beliefs of the Indian people, ritualism, rituals of mourning, as well as the love story of a dancer and singer are manifested in parts of Masnavi-e Erfan as customs and beliefs of the Indian people.
Conclusion
Undoubtedly, Bidels work, as a Persian-speaking poet in the Indian subcontinent, reflects the Hindu civilization, culture, and customs. The ritual of cremation, rituals, vows, religious ceremonies of the Ganges River, and the story of "Comedy and Madan" refer to some of the Hindu cultural and religious customs, traditions, and rituals. In the form of anecdotes, Bidel draws attractive and dynamic images of this ceremony that are not well-known to the audience of Persian poetry. In the story of "Comady and Madan", there are similarities with the love stories of "Khosrow and Shirin" and "Lily and Majnoon" in which Bidel Dehlavi was able to artistically combine Iranian and Indian stories. 
References
Abazari, Y. (1993). Religions of the ancient world (in Farsi). The Institute of Cultural Studies and Researches.
Ali Moradi, M. M., & Mahmudi, A. (2017). Indian religions (in Farsi). Samt.
Bakhtiari, M. R. (2003). Folklore and popular literature (in Farsi). Adiban.
Beyhaqi, H. A. (1986). An analytical research about the folk culture in Iran (in Farsi). Astan-e Qods.
Bidel Dehlavi, A. (2009). The flam of song: the poems of Bidel Dehlavi (in Farsi). Negah.
Elyasi, P. (2009). The afterlife in the holy Indian books. The Research Journal of Religions, 6, 1-26.
Hossein Abadi, Z. (2015). An analysis of the death’s myths in the Indian perception). Journal of the Indian Subcontinent, 23, 4-25.
Kardgar, Y. (2017). Waiting (in Farsi). Samt.

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Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in Nigeria, and there are no high-quality routine diagnostic tests. Immunodiagnostic assays, blood culture, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to study typhoid fever co-infection with malaria.
Materials & Methods: Blood samples of 125 patients were taken from April to August 2021. The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological methods such as immunodiagnostic assays and qPCR, whereas malaria parasitemia was examined using microscopy.
Findings: In the study, the Widal test (WT) showed that 28.8 and 32.8% of the patients had antibodies against O-antigen and H-antigen at a cut-off titre of 1:160, respectively. The immunochromatographic test (ICT) indicated that 16% had IgM antibodies, and 18.4% had both IgM and IgG antibodies, suggesting a recent typhoid infection. Various bacterial pathogens were identified in patients with positive WT and ICT results, including Salmonella species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Proteus mirabilis. Eight Salmonella strains were confirmed through invA gene detection using qPCR, none of which were S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. Both WT and ICT exhibited low sensitivity but high specificity ranging from 73.6 to 81.6% with negative predictive values of 100%. Additionally, the results showed a prevalence rate of 65.5% for malaria parasitemia and 9.8% for non-typhoidal Salmonella-associated bacteraemia co-infection with malaria.
Conclusion: This research once again highlighted the limited diagnostic accuracy of both immunochromatographic and Widal tests. The presence of concurrent infections involving malaria and other bacterial pathogens further exacerbates the inadequacies of these diagnostic methods.

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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one of the economically important plant viruses which causes disease in various crops throughout the world. It has been reported that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be used as potential biocontrol agents against plant viruses. Herein, greenhouse experiments were conducted to undertake the trilateral interactions among PGPR, bell pepper, and TMV. To this end, four-leaf-stage bell pepper seedlings were pre-treated by the PGPR, including Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida, and Bacillus subtilis in single and multiple application methods. The plants were then mechanically inoculated with TMV and visually inspected for symptom development till 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). The TMV accumulation in inoculated plants was quantitatively measured by Indirect-ELISA 28 dpi. Analysis of the extinction values showed that application of the PGPR was associated with the least significant (p < 0.05) value (0.08) compared to the positive control (0.77). Inoculation of PGPR triggered the biosynthesis of the defense-related enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, mediating the biochemical protection against TMV in bell pepper plants. In addition to the disease control, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in growth parameters was observed in PGPR-treated plants compared to the control plants. In conclusion, these results indicated that multiple applications of PGPR strains enhanced the plant vigor and provided an increased level of TMV suppression in bell pepper plants.

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To evaluate the capability of IRS-P6 LISS-III data to be employed for monitoring the pollarding forest areas in Northern Zagros, some parts of pollarded forests located around Baneh city were selected as a case study area. The pollarding area was determined as the ground truth in a 3-year alternation period using a global positioning system (GPS). Radiometric and geometric corrections were applied to the image and then the data pre-processed, using 2 methods of Spectral Rationing and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Likewise, multi-spectral bands were fused with IRS-1C PAN image, using the Intensity–Hue–Saturation Method (IHS). The obtained results were combined with the original bands. The separability of classes was studied using Bhuttacharrya Distance Criteria. The resulting data was classified using Maximum Likelihood Algorithm. Then the classified image was compared with ground truth on a pixel by pixel basis. In order to determine the classification accuracy, four parameters encompassing Overall Accuracy, Kappa Coefficient, Producer Accuracy, and User Accuracy were used. The results showed that most of the classes were completely separated from Northern Koor class. The highest overall accuracy was 70 % and a Kappa Coefficient of 60% obtained through a five-class classification of the bands combination PCA (4, 2, 3) -1, 4, 1. In this classification the resulted User accuracy and Producer accuracy were more than 50% for all classes expect for southern Khert. Results of the study revealed the high capability of the abovementioned image and methods to separate the pollarding areas and to prepare the map of the area.

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This article investigates the role of Conceptual Metaphors of 3 behavioral economics biases, including Irrational Evaluation, Labeling, and Replacing market values with social values on Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Willingness to Accept (WTA) of Participants. To extract experimental, conceptual metaphors, the results of field studies were checked on a group of 30 participants in the first phase. In the second phase, we used the semi-pilot method on 30 other participants through 2 stages for investigating conceptual metaphors. Analysis of variances showed that that the conceptual metaphors used in this article do not influence Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Sell. However, in Willingness to Pay status, among other biases, the impact of irrational evaluations conceptual metaphors has stronger effects, whereas, in Willingness to Accept status, replacing market values with social values is stronger than other biases. The results of this research showed that three mentioned behavioral principles that were implemented through conceptual metaphors, couldn't influence buying or selling decisions of participants significantly, but the efficacy of these behavioral principles were different in buying and selling decisions.
1. Introduction
Cognitive linguistics is a new school of linguistics that emerged in the early 1970s due to objections to formal linguistic approaches in Chomsky's views. Cognitive linguistics, like other types of linguistics, studies language and tries to describe the systematics, structure, and function of the language system. One of the most fundamental concepts in cognitive linguistics goes back to conceptual metaphor. Conceptual metaphors mean recognizing one domain through the characteristics of another domain. A simple definition of conceptual metaphor is that "conceptual domain A is conceptual domain B". The conceptual domain itself is any coherent organization of experiences. In this regard, one of the interdisciplinary approaches that has received much attention today is the focus on cognitive linguistics through conceptual metaphors in other areas. It seems that by using conceptual metaphors and examining their effect on perception, judgment and reasoning of individuals, a deeper understanding of cognitive processes can be achieved.
Accordingly, and according to previous research that shows that conceptual metaphors can subconsciously affect the way of thinking of people in various fields, in this study, the role of conceptual metaphors in the background of behavioral economics was investigated. The reason for choosing behavioral economics over neoclassical economics is the objections to the two main pillars of neoclassical economics, "The emphasis on individual rationality and General equilibrium". Individual rationality means that in neoclassical economics it is assumed that people do not include emotions in their decisions, while behavioral economics is based on anthropological studies with psychological methods based on the inclusion of emotions in economic decisions.
 This article examines the effect of conceptual metaphors on the rules of behavioral economics. For this purpose, with reference to cognitive linguistics, we introduce some rules of behavioral economics in the form of conceptual metaphor theory and then in a quasi-laboratory study, we examine the effectiveness of presenting behavioral economics rules through conceptual metaphors in statistical form. In the first phase of the research, we select conceptual metaphors related to the three behavioral rules of irrational valuation, labeling and replacing market values ​​with social values. Then, in the form of the fourth hypothesis, we examine the effect of the relevant conceptual metaphors on the willingness to pay and the willingness to Accept as two factors representing economic decisions.
Research Hypothesis instead of questions
 (s)
Hypothesis 1: Conceptual metaphors related to the best examples of goods in this paper affect the implementation of the behavioral rule of irrational valuation.
Hypothesis 2: Conceptual metaphors related to femininity labeling used in this article, affect the implementation of the labeling rule.
Hypothesis 3: Conceptual metaphors related to social values ​​used in this paper, affect the implementation of the rule of replacing market values ​​with social values.
Hypothesis 4: The use of conceptual metaphors in implementing the rules of behavioral economics considered in this paper (irrational valuation, labeling and substitution of market values ​​with social values) affects the willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to receive (WTA) of the test subjects.
 
2. Literature Review
The main reason for studying cognitive linguistics is the assumption that language expresses patterns of thinking. Therefore, the study of language from this perspective is the study of conceptualization patterns. In this approach, language is a window to cognitive function and through language, the nature, structure and organization of thinking and mental ideas of individuals can be studied (Evans, Green, 2006). In cognitive linguistics, language is a tool for organizing, processing and transmitting information (Dehghan et al., 1399). One of the most fundamental concepts in cognitive linguistics goes back to conceptual metaphor.
Conceptual metaphor has been extensively studied in linguistic texts but recently, cognitive linguistics has taken a new direction and is examining conceptual metaphors and their role in other sciences as well.
Among these studies are researches that have examined conceptual metaphors in economics. There are two general approaches to the introduction of cognitive linguistics into economic discourses: The first approach is that linguists try to identify the dominant metaphors used in these texts by examining the main and fundamental books of economics in order to find out what metaphors in the foundation of economics is used to provide insight to economics students, and another approach is for linguists to try to show the results of applying these metaphors in practice by selecting up-to-date corpus of economic texts and extracting the dominant metaphors used in them. In view of the above, in order to conduct a joint research between cognitive linguistics and economics with a forward-looking view, in this study, we examined the role of conceptual metaphors in representing the rules of behavioral economics. Before presenting the report of the present study, we will first explain why behavioral economics was chosen as well as its basic foundations.
 
2.1. Why choose behavioral economics (negation of neoclassical economics):
 The main feature of neoclassical economics is its commitment to the theory of rational choice. This practice assumes that people behave in the way they should. If we want to argue according to the neoclassical economics assumption, one hundred percent rational people should not be influenced by emotions. However, financial decisions are generally subject to multiple biases (Guastello, 2016).
       Behavioral economics, in fact, came into being by violating the basic hypotheses of neoclassical economics based on the rationality of individuals and the cumulative equilibrium of the market. From the perspective of behavioral economics, individuals are not always rational, but their irrationality is not without rules but with recognizable rules (Walliser, 2008; Bourgine & Nadal, 2004). At the same time, prices are not simply derived from the intersection of supply and demand in the market, but the price that the consumer is willing to pay may have been completely manipulated by the supplier. Findings of behavioral economics in the field of irrational behavior as well as the way prices are set in the market are the same principles and rules of behavior, such as the effect of ownership, labeling and deterrence (Ariely, 2008). Behavioral economics, in fact, seeks to achieve a more accurate study and prediction of consumer behavior by guiding these rules. In order to get acquainted with behavioral economics, it is necessary to introduce some of its rules:
 
3. Theoretical framework
3.1. Rules of Behavioral Economics
A) Irrational valuation
People seldom consider the absolute and independent value of goods and services in their choices. There is no tool within humans to measure the value of options. Rather, we focus on the relative value of one thing over another and estimate value in this way (Ariely, 2008).
B) Difference in look - labeling
 Expectations also shape the headlines. One example is how to classify information in order to predict experiences. The brain cannot evaluate any new situation from scratch, and grouping or categorization helps the brain a lot in the meantime (ibid).
C) Social relations and market relations
We live in two worlds at the same time. One is a world in which social norms prevail and the other is a world in which market norms prevail. Social norms include friendly demands that people make (ibid).
In view of the rules of behavioral economics presented above, in this study we explored whether it is possible to represent the rules of behavioral economics through conceptual metaphors.
 
3. Methodology
This research was designed and implemented in two phases as follows.
 
4.1. Phase I subjects
This experiment was performed in two separate phases. Thus, the results of the first phase were indicative of the materials of the second phase of the experiment. Participants in the first phase initially consisted of 30 female students (because gender affects the dependent variable in the form of an independent variable of conceptual metaphors of labeling bias) studying in academic disciplines other than economics between the ages of 18 and 35.
 
4.2. Tools and process in the second phase of testing
In the second phase of the research, the conceptual metaphors selected from the first phase were used in three ways to prepare the main experimental materials.
 
4.3. Design of the second phase of the experiment
The method of designing the test materials was that the C-Sharp software was used to design the tests in order to be able to view the goods, specifications and also their prices along with the possibility of selecting the price desired by the subject by clicking on the Yes or No option for each price step.
 
4. Results
Finally, the study of hypotheses one to three of the present article on the effect of conceptual metaphors in implementing the behavioral rules of irrational valuation, labeling and replacing market values ​​with social values ​​showed that these three hypotheses are rejected by univariate analysis of variance but the forth hypothesis was not rejected.
The reasons might be as follow: The first category of reasons included the method of selecting our conceptual metaphors in the first phase, as well as the way in which they were explicitly displayed at the beginning of the introduction of the goods. At the same time, considering the achievement of examining the fourth hypothesis that conceptual metaphors related to irrational valuation are more effective in the task of purchasing and conceptual metaphors related to replacing market values ​​with social values ​​can be used in future research in these two areas to produce conceptual metaphors. He acted in a different way.
 
5. Discussion
In this study, we tried to find out whether it is possible to implement the three rules of irrational behavioral valuation, labeling and replacing market values ​​with social values ​​through the use of related conceptual metaphors. No further study has been done on the application of conceptual metaphors in behavioral economics. Examination of Hypotheses 1 to 3 of the present article on the effectiveness of conceptual metaphors in implementing behavioral rules of irrational valuation, labeling and replacing market values ​​with social values ​​showed that these three hypotheses are rejected. The reasons for rejecting these three hypotheses can be examined in two areas: First, the way our conceptual metaphors are selected in the first phase does not affect their Maximum Payout (WTP) and Minimum Receipt (WTA) decisions, respectively. It has been traded in assignments, and thus it can be stated that choosing different conceptual metaphors in this field in different ways can bring us different results. At the same time, in this area, the use of our conceptual metaphors explicitly at the beginning of the introduction of goods may have made the subjects aware of our purpose and has caused resistance to changing the decision to buy or sell. The second reason that can be stated to refute these three hypotheses could be that for our subjects, only purely technical information of the goods was important in the decision to buy and sell, and the sentences we used at the beginning to introduce the goods with metaphors, has had no effect. Examination of our fourth hypothesis on the effectiveness of conceptual metaphors related to the three types of irrational valuation bias, labeling and replacement of market values ​​with social values ​​showed that this hypothesis is not rejected, while the post hoc test showed that conceptual metaphors are most effective in buying when being related to irrational valuation, and while in the case of sales, the most effective were the conceptual metaphors related to the replacement of market values ​​with social values, while the conceptual metaphors related to labeling were not significant in this area
 
6. Conclusion
our results show that in order to influence the rules of behavioral economics through conceptual metaphors, one must either use another method to extract conceptual metaphors or introduce conceptual metaphors implicitly rather than explicitly into the economic presentation of goods. At the same time, the greater effectiveness of conceptual metaphors of irrational valuation in the task of buying and the effect of conceptual metaphors of replacing market values ​​with social values ​​in the task of selling can be promising. And therefore could be further explored in future research.

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The Amber Cow is a legendary creature with special characteristics, whose story has a wide reflection in Persian poetry and prose texts. So that we can recover a sign of it from the oldest sources available to this day. Of course, despite the age of this legend and the frequent references to it in various texts and also the wrong understanding of quiddity of this creature, it is surprising that no befitting research has been done about this creature. With the aim of investigating the origin, age and various narratives of its story, as well as determining the characteristics of this legendary creature based on various sources and documents, this research has dealt with how the story of this cow is reflected. The authors have collected the materials related to the subject by examining various sources, including the books of strange creatures and narrative, mythology, legends, history, and etc. texts and they have categorized and analyzed by descriptive-analytical method and using library study and notes taking. Among the findings of this research is the presentation of the historical process of the story and its related changes in the texts of different periods, as well as determining the identity of this cow and distinguishing it from similar animals and real sea cows.
 

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks. The dietary treatments were: basal diet as control 1; basal diet plus 1g. kg-1 of a commercial probiotic Bioplus2; basal diet plus 10 and 20 g kg-1 fermented milk that contained 2×108 cfu g-1 Lactobacillus acidophilus. To evaluate the effect of water alone on chick performance, equal volume of water in 20 g fermented milk was added to each kg of the basal diet (control 2). A total of 280 one-day old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 experimental groups of 4 replicates of 14 chicks each. The chicks were grown to 42 d of age. The result of the experiment indicated that feed intake in chicks fed diet supplemented with commercial probiotic was significantly higher than L. acidophilus probiotic. Weight gain for the chicks fed with the diet that contained 20 g kg-1 fermented milk was higher than the control chicks, in the first 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed conversion and weight of organs. The number of Lactobacilli in ileum and colon were higher in L. acidophilus treated birds than the control group and also the number of Coliforms was lower, but the effects were not statistically significant. The levels of blood cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotrasferase and alkaline phosphatase were the highest in the control group, but the effect was statistically significant only for ALT measured at 21 d of age.

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Cold working a hole decreases tendency of fatigue crack near the hole to initiate or growth. It is due to creation some compressive tangential residual stresses around the hole. Determination of mentioned residual stresses with a non-destructive, simple and non-expensive method is the key step in design process of holed components. In this article, residual stresses have been determined by mounting some strain gages around the hole and in fact surface strains during cold working process have been introduced as a feature for residual stress field. Delineation the numbers of needed strain gages and also proper place for mounting them around the cold worked hole is the main object of this research. Results have a good agreement with test result of cold working on specimens made of Al2024. According to the results, mounting two strain gages at same radius in opposite side of hole edge; which one in radial and another in tangentially direction; is needed for determining the residual stress field. Also, strain gages should be mounted in elastic zone. Mounting the gages in plastic zone led to have errors and unreliable results.

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Milling is one of the most important operational stages in processing the minerals. Lifters are usually used with mill liners to extend their life and to enhance the grinding and crushing efficiency. Lifters worn and consequently their dimensions change during the course of operation. These changes in dimensions have a significant influence on the overall economic performance of the mills. Therefore, it is useful to know the relationship between the mill operation and the lifter profile, and the influence of lifter wear on the change in lifter profile. The wear is influenced by a range of parameters such as: media charge level, slurry filling, slurry concentration, and mill speed. In this work, the influences of these operating parameters were investigated using a pilot mill (1000 * 500 mm). To this end, a Copper ore was used to prepare slurry at 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 100% solids concentration by mass. The tests covered a range of slurry filling (U) from 0.5 to 3 with solid charge between 15% and 35% of mill volume and 3 different speeds 65%, 75% and 85% of critical speed. It is found that the mill charge and the mill speed significantly affect the wear rate. For wet condition, increase in the slurry concentration and slurry filling leads to a remarkable decrease in the amount of the wear. By increase in the feed filling (in dry condition) the wear increases too. Wear rate in wet conditions is 2-4 times of dry condition.

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Peppermint is a very aromatic herbal plant with mouth cooling effect, having pungent mint and menthol flavor. It has many phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanin) which are considered as natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of maltodextrin and inlet air temperature on some properties of encapsulated peppermint extract. Spray drying is the most common and economical method of microencapsulation. In the current project, the impact of three different inlet air temperatures (140, 160 and 180 °C) and maltodextrin (DE=20-18) concentrations (10, 20 and 30%) on production efficiency, moisture content, water activity, solubility, hygroscopicity, wettability and color parameters of spray dried peppermint extract powder were investigated. The results showed that increasing inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentration led to increase in the production yield, powder solubility, L* and Hue parameters. While moisture content, water activity, hygroscopicity, wettability, chroma, a* and b* parameters were decreased. In conclusion, inlet temperature of 160 °C and maltodextrin concentration of 20% considered as optimum conditions maintaining desirable properties of peppermint extract powder during spray drying process