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Volume 2, Issue 1 (Spring & Summer 2025 2025)
Abstract


This article aims to analyze the capabilities of Africa for the Islamic Republic of Iran and to describe Iran's foreign policy approach toward the continent. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical methodology, the study seeks to evaluate how the Islamic Republic of Iran’s approach toward Africa can be understood. In response to this inquiry, the authors highlight Africa’s numerical strength in international organizations, its mineral resources, and its consumer markets. Despite challenges such as lack of mutual understanding, geographical distance, economic non-compatibility between Iran and African countries, the absence of direct and regular air and maritime connections, unilateral international sanctions against Iran, and the absence of a comprehensive strategy for developing cooperation, the authors contend that Africa remains a continent rich in opportunities for Iranian investment. The article is structured in three sections: the first reviews the history of Iran-Africa relations and the positive mutual perceptions held by Iranians and Africans; the second analyzes common interests and opportunities for mutual benefit; and the third explores the obstacles to and solutions for enhancing Iran-Africa relations. The conclusion emphasizes that, while Iran aims to play a role in transferring science and technology to Africa, adopting an approach focused on strengthening the value chain can help improve Iran’s economic diplomacy across the continent.
 

Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) on induction of resistance against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) and the effect of M. javanica to induce biochemical defense responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) roots at six-leaf stage were investigated. Meanwhile, the effect of different concentrations of SA on mortality of second stage juveniles of M. javanica was examined. Changes in the activity of cytoplasmic peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzymes in the roots of tomato seedlings were measured during seven successive days after inoculation with M. javanica in greenhouse. SA was used as soil drench and leaf spray. The efficiency of treatments were evaluated by measuring diameter of galls, number of galls per plant, number of egg masses per plant, number of eggs per individual egg mass, root and foliage fresh weights. The results showed that use of SA as soil drench and leaf spray significantly reduce diameter of galls 28% and 32%, number of galls per plant 40% and 44%, number of egg masses per plant 45% and 49% and number of eggs per individual egg mass 53% and 55% compared to control (inoculated with nematode only). The activity of the enzymes (POX, CAT and PAL) increased in comparison with plants treated with distilled water. The maximum level of larva mortality was observed at 7 mM SA with no significant difference at concentration of 6 mM. SA caused 21.2% mortality of larvae at concentration of 5 mM.    

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