Showing 6 results for Najafizadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2010)
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is commonest demyelinating disease among young adults. It demonstrates neurological dysfunctions in females more than males. Gonadal hormones have essential roles in maturation and differentiation of neurons and glial cells in both genders. The role of some gonadal female hormones such as progesterone has been well characterized on demyelination and remyelination in animal models. The role of androgens on neural system development and myelin maturation were identified. We previously observed that castration decreases the brain resistance against demyelinating insults and also reduces the subsequent repair. As the optic nerves and chiasm demyelination shows the hallmark characteristic in MS, inducing demyelination in optic apparatus, we have tried to find whether the effects of elimination of male gonadal hormones using gonadectomy could show the same, more or less changes in patterns of demyelination and repair comparing demyelinated females? Thus, to evaluate these alternations castrated male and female rats were compared by using visual evoked potentials and histological assessments on 2,7,14, and 28 days post lysolecithine (LPC) injection. Interestingly, we observed demyelination was started 2 day post lesion (dpl), reached to a maximum level at 7 and 14 dpl and then it partially but significantly reversed on 28 dpl. Demyelination and subsequent repair processes in both gonadectomized and female groups were shown almost the same patterns temporarily and in quality.
Elimination of gonadal androgens could cause the male animals to undergone the same shape of de/remyelination compared female ones. In conclusion, differences between male and female demyelination and remyelination are substantially depending on male gonadal androgens. This work could be useful for understanding of the effects of sex hormones on demyelinating diseases and could offer fundamental information for repairing therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2023)
Abstract
Aims: Reports show that vaccination against influenza could elicit nonspecific immune reactions against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The present research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 disease among the staff of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan despite vaccination against influenza.
Materials & Methods: This study was performed on 1400 employees of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan from February to August 2020. Personnel whose disease was confirmed by PCR test or CT scan were considered to have COVID-19. In the present research, the relationship between influenza vaccination and the incidence of COVID-19 infection was evaluated. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software Version 26.
Findings: Out of a total of 1400 hospital personnel participating in this study, 272 people were diagnosed as COVID-19. Among 272 patients, 23 (8.45%) cases were vaccinated. The average age of vaccinated patients was 33.48 ± 12.72 years, of whom 14 (60.87%) patients were female. Vaccination was significantly associated with prevention of COVID-19 infection (p< .05). The study of odds ratio (OR) to evaluate the effect of vaccination showed that the OR was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.39- 0.97). There was a significant difference in SpO2, type of treatment, and lung involvement based on CT between the two groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients (p< .05).
Conclusion: In vaccinated group, COVID-19 was lower than of the no influenza vaccinated group. According to the results, the use of influenza vaccine as an effective vaccine against the new coronavirus strains could be helpful in controlling the disease.
Volume 20, Issue 4 (winter 2020 2020)
Abstract
This study attempts to investigate the effect of government spending on regional growth in Iran. The relationship between government spending and economic growth is one of the well-known topics in economic literature. One of the problems of developing countries is the failure to achieve sustainable economic growth, which not only causes economic problems such as recession and unemployment, but also cultural, political and social problems. The government economic stabilization policies can be used to narrow the gap between the potential and realized product and to maintain the product near its potential level. One key issue in the field of regional planning is to study and understand the geographical inequalities in different dimensions. In this paper, using the spatial econometric method, the relationship between government spending and regional growth is estimated by applying the regional data of Statistical Center of Iran during 2001-2017, and Excel and R software’s are used to perform the calculations. This study seeks to explain the growth of different regions using government spending, and to answer these questions: Does government spending have a significant effect on growth in the regions? Do the regions converge in terms of economic growth over time? The results indicate the negative effect of government spending, population growth and human capital on regional growth in Iran. In addition, the statistical significance of spatial correlation coefficient indicates the positive diffusion effects of regional economic growth.
Volume 28, Issue 3 (autumn 2024)
Abstract
The assessment of ecological capacity and balance evaluates the permissible human activities within each land zone, while also identifying activities that are either infeasible, lack economic viability, or adversely affect environmental sustainability. This investigation seeks to safeguard environmental functions through the analysis and evaluation of ecological potential in Lorestan Province, which is undergoing significant urbanization. In pursuit of this objective, the ecological capacity for settlement expansion within Lorestan Province is assessed, alongside the identification of the opportunities, capabilities, and constraints inherent in the region's land resources, thereby establishing a foundation for effective planning. The research utilizes a land capability analysis methodology based on an ecological framework developed through fuzzy land-use planning techniques. Among the myriad criteria and variables influencing land capability, three primary factors—agricultural potential, forestry, and urban-residential development—were scrutinized. Significant environmental and ecological potentials act as critical constraints on urban development. Approximately 94% of the province’s territory is deemed suitable for residential and industrial advancement; however, this statistic pertains exclusively to areas earmarked for development, while approximately 6% of the land exhibits insufficient ecological capacity to support such expansion. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance urban green infrastructure, foster biodiversity-oriented agricultural practices, and implement initiatives such as forest restoration to improve regional vegetation cover.
Volume 29, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Changing the business model of banks, entering new markets, changing the nature of traditional and classic systems to digital banking and the emergence of fintechs and startups in the banking sector on the one hand and the lack of a comprehensive view in the field of identification and Risk control, on the other, have increased the concern and risk of banks. In this paper, using the standards of the Banking Supervision Committee, the effect of intra-bank and extra-bank risk factors by data panel econometric model on capital adequacy as an indicator of bank risk management in the period 2012-2018 in listed banks (10 banks) tested and analyzed. The results of the assumptions showed that all risk indicators studied have a significant effect on the capital adequacy of banks, in addition to the risk of balance sheet structure as shown in the financial crisis of 2007-2008, also threatened by macroeconomic risk.
Volume 31, Issue 1 (Spring 2024)
Abstract
Changes in banking business model, entering new markets, switching traditional and classical systems' nature to electronic banking and entering digital banking, as well as the emergence of FinTechs and startups in the banking industry on the one hand and the lack of a comprehensive view and inclusive in the field of risk identification and control, on the other hand, increased the concern and risk of banks. What is certain is that the process and manner of change do not indicate a secure future. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a comprehensive classification of types of risks in the Iranian banking industry. The statistical sample includes the number of thirty selected experts and risk experts in the banking industry who selected by sampling method based on systematic elimination. Twenty final indicators determined for risk classification in the banking industry from among 68 extractive components obtained from literature review, obtained by repeating the Delphi method three times in 1399-1400 period. The results showed that the proposed classification of banking risk includes financial risk, operational risk, economic risk, socio-political risk, compliance risk, and knowledge and technology risk. The validating results through the Delphi technique showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the third round was equal to 0.899 and indicated that all indicators were significant and valid and there was a high level of consensus among experts.
