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Different methods are used Cross-linguistically to code coordination relations. It may be the case that two clauses are simply juxtaposed. Here, their relations are inferred through the context of communication and their semantic properties. The alternative and more marked method is the presence of an overt coordinating marker, or connective. Both of these constructions occur in Persian Language. In this article, major coordinating relations of conjunction, disjunction and adversativity are touched upon; however, the main emphasis is put on adversatives and their development. In this connection, a rather long list of modern Persian adversatives identified is presented. On the basis of their internal structure, Persian adversatives can be classified as simple, compound and discontinuous words. In some cases, even a sentence functions as an adversative. These morphologically different adversatives derive from different grammatical and lexical sources. Like many languages, words with spatial, temporal, causal and emphatic meaning have been grammaticalized to function as adversatives. In addition, one can find sources that are almost rare in languages of the world. Among these, one can trace the development of some word-forms of the lexical verbs of goftan ‘say’, and kardan ‘do’ to adversatives. Furthermore, in the formation of some compound adversatives, question words as well as grammatical words denoting condition are used.   

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Conditional sentence is a compound sentence consisting of two clauses: protasis and apodosis. The purpose of this paper is investigating the conditional sentences in contemporary Persian language based on the Declerck and Reed typology (2001). According to this semantic typology, possible world of protasis is divided in to two factual and theoretical classes. Theoretical possible world can be neutral or nonneutral and the nonneutral is divided in to four types: closed, open, tentative and counterfactual. In the present study, we try to examine these types with respect to the corpus of 286 conditional sentences extracted from ten contemporary story books and the frequency of occurrence of each one to be determined separately. The analysis of Persian conditional sentences shows that the Persian conditional construction is compatible with mentioned typology and open possible world has the highest occurrence frequency, and the neutral, closed, factual, tentative and counterfactual possible worlds respectively dedicated the highest frequency of the open possible world. The higher frequency of occurrence of the open possible world arises from the fact that in this possible world a probabilistic situation is considered and there is no certainty about its occurrence and this interpretation is most consistent with the operation of the conditional construction. This study also shows that in addition to the common conditional conjunctions such as “ agar, be shartike, vaella, vagarna, ...” other conjunctions are also used as conditional conjunctions like : “ valo, farzan, hamin ke, be mojarade inke, vaghti, cheo…che, hala ke, ta, ke ….” .