Aims: Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica Oliv.) a woody species, which is naturally distributed in desert areas of some parts Asia and Africa. This research was conducted to evaluate the physiological response to salinity stress in 12 in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological response to different levels of salinity (75, 150, 225, and 300 NaCl) control and to assess the response physiologic traits such as RWC, EL, MDA, Proline, GB, TSS, plant pigments, SOD, CAT, and GPX.
Findings: The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between treatments all traits. Comparing of that Hamidieh was the highest group and Mahneshan and were in the lowest group. Comparing of treatments showed that 75 was the highest group in terms of performance. The 75 was the highest group in terms of SOD in contrast, 300 and control were in the lowest group.
Conclusion: The result represents that Populus euphratica is a moderate , which could be suggested to reclamation of saline lands with high water table. This uses multiple mechanisms to overcome salinity stress and there is not a clear path to overcome salinity in this species. Cluster analysis divided the examined into five groups based on total traits. The grouping was not based on geographical distance, rather it was based on the conditions of the original habitat especially soil salinity.

This study deals with the problem of urban life in north Caucasus as a significant component of the region's' social history. Concentrated on Darband (Derbent) as an archaic and long-lasted town, and applying a causal explanative approach, it investigates the relationship between the geographical situation of this town, the contribution of nomadic people and Caspian marine trade in developments of the social life of this ancient town. The main focus is on 17^th and 18^th century, however, it sheds some light on previous times as well. The main question which this study aims to provide an answer is that what causes and obstacles deprived the region of a glorifying, lasting and well-developed urban life. Its seems that the peripheral situation of Darband in the northern corner of Persian empires, while provided it with a kind of urban life within the politics of frontier management and constructing fortifications, caused a frustrating condition which hindered its urban development. The main cause of this frustration was the presence of a multitude of nomadic peoples who were living in north Caucasian steppes and mountainous areas in the nearby. This nomadic people, a large number of whom were living in Daghestan, were ready to be employed by the rival powers and in most periods invaded the town. Yet, the fact that Darband throughout its long history enjoyed an excellent geographical situation in north-western corner of the Caspian see, made it possible to hold its limited urban life.